Q. Are the words in this sentence, then, joined or disjoined ? 268. Disjoined. Q. What word is it that expresses the disjoining? 269. Or. Q. What part of speech is or? 270. Conjunction. Q. What does the word disjunctive mean? 271. Disjoining or separating. Q. What kind of a conjunction, then, shall we call or? 272. A disjunctive conjunction. Q. "James will come, but Henry will not." Here the two clauses of the sentence are opposed to each other in meaning, and the word but separates these two clauses: what, then, does this word imply? 273. Opposition of meaning. Q. From the foregoing, what appears to be the use of the disjunctive conjunction ? 274. The conjunction disjunctive connects sen tences, by expressing opposition of meaning in various degrees. Q. The following are the principal conjunctions of this class will you repeat them? 275. "But, than, though, either, or, as, unless, neither, nor, less, yet, notwithstanding." Q. Prepositions, you recollect, connect words as well as conjunctions how, then, can you tell the one from the other? 276. Prepositions show the relation between words, but conjunctions express an addition, a supposition, a cause, or an opposition of meaning. Q. "He and she write." In what case is he? she? Q. The pronouns he and she, you perceive, are both in the same case, and connected by the conjunction and: when, then, may nouns and pronouns be connected? 277. When they are in the same case. Q. "She will sing and dances." How may this sentence be corrected? 278. "She will sing and dance." Q. In what mood and tense is "She will sing"? Q. To say, "She dance," is incorrect; dance, then, in this example, car not be in the present tense: will you, then, inform me what " She will sing and dance" means, when fully expressed? 279 "She will sing and she will dance.' Q. Here will dance is in the future tense, as well as will sing: when, then, may verbs, in general, be connected? 280. When they are in the same mood and tense. Q. From the foregoing particulars, what appears to be the rule for the use f conjunctions, in connecting words? RULE XI. Conjunctions usually connect verbs of the same mood and tense, and nouns or pronouns of the same case. EXERCISES IN PARSING. - John assists his father and mother." 281. And is a CONJUNCTION, a word chiefly used to connect words and sentences-COPULATIVE; it connects father and mother. Mother is a NOUN ; it is a name-COMMON; it is a general name-FEMININE GENDER; it is the name of a femaleTHIRD PERSON; it is spoken of SINGULAR NUMBER; it means but one-and it is one of the objects of assists, and is, therefore, in the OBJECTIVE CASE, and connected with father by the conjunction and, according to RULE XI. Conjunctions usually connect verbs of the same mood and tense, and nouns or pronouns of the same case. EXERCISES IN PARSING CONTINUED. "I will reward him and them at some future time." “We in vain (1.) look for a path between virtue and vice." "Reproof either hardens or softens its object." "In the morning of life, we eagerly pursue pleasure, but oftentimes meet (2.) with sad disappointments." "A good scholar never mutters nor disobeys his instructer." "She reads well, dances (3.) elegantly, and plays admirably on the piano-forte." "Intemperance destroys the mind and benumbs the senses of man." "You may read this sentence XVIII. OF INTERJECTIONS. Q. When I exclaim, "Oh! I have ruined my friend," "Alas! I fear for life," which words here appear to be thrown in between the sentences, to express passion or feeling? 282. Oh! Alas! Q. What does interjection mean? 283. Thrown between. Q. What name, then, shall we give such words as oh! alas &c. ? 284. INTERJECTIONS. Q. What, then, are interjections? 285. Interjections are words thrown in between the parts of sentences, to express the passions or sudden feelings of the speaker. (1.) In vain means the same as vainly. It may, therefore, be called an adverbial phrase, qualifying look, by Rule IX. (2.) Meet agrees with we understood, and is, therefore, connected with pur sue by the conjunction but, according to Rule XI. (3.) Dances and plays both agree with she, understood, and are, therefore, connected, the former with reads, and the latter with dances, by Rule XI. LIST OF INTERJECTIONS. מן 1. Of earnestness or grief; as, "O! oh! alas! ah "" 3. Of calling; as, "Halloo! ho! hem!" 4. Of attention; as, "Behold! lo! hark!" 5. Of disgust; as, "Foh! fy! fudge! away!" 7. Of contempt; as, "Pish! -tush!" 8. Of saluting; as, "Welcome! hail!" Q Will you examine the foregoing list, and then name an interjection of grief? One of wonder? One of calling? One of attention? One of dis gust? One of silence? One of saluting? Q. How may an interjection generally be known? 286. By its taking an exclamation point after it. EXERCISES IN PARSING. "Oh! I have alienated my friend." 287. Oh is an INTERJECTION, a word used to express passion or feeling. ས ་ The remaining words are parsed as before. EXERCISES IN PARSING CONTINUED. "Oh! I must go and see (1.) "Strange! I did not know you." "Hush! our instructer is at the door." "Fy! how angry he is !", (1.) The sense is, "I must go, and I must see;" the verb see, then, agrees with 1, understood, and is, therefore, connected with must go, according to Rule XI. (2.) Before, an adverb. (3.) Apply, first, Rule V; then Rule I. RECAPITULATION. CRITICAL REMARKS. XIX. COMPOSITION. ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 288. ENGLISH GRAMMAR teaches us to speak and write he English language correctly. 289. GRAMMAR is divided into four parts, namely, 290. 1. ORTHOGRAPHY, 2. ETYMOLOGY, 3. SYNTAX, 4. PROSODY. XX. OF ORTHOGRAPHY. 291. ORTHOGRAPHY includes a knowledge of the nature and power of letters, and teaches how to spell words correctly. This part of grammar is usually learned from spelling-books and dictionaries. 292. Orthography means word-making, or spelling. XXI. OF ETYMOLOGY. 293. ETYMOLOGY teaches how to form, from all the words in the English language, several grand divisions or sorts, commonly called Parts of Speech. 294. It includes a knowledge of the meaning and use of words-also their different changes and derivations. 295. Etymology signifies the origin or pedigree of words. XIX. What does English grammar teach? 288. Into how many parts is it divided? 289. XX. What does orthography include and teach? 291 How is a knowledge of orthography usually obtained? 291. What does orthography mean? 292. What does the word signify? 295 XXII. OF SYNTAX. 296. SYNTAX teaches how to arrange or form words imo sentences correctly. 297. It includes a knowledge of the rules of composi tion, formed from the practice of the best writers and speakers. 298. Syntax signifies arranging or placing together; or, as used in grammar, sentence-making. XXIII. ETYMOLOGY AND SYNTAX COMBINED. 299. The words of the English language are usually divided into nine sorts, commonly called Parts of Speech, namely, NOUN, ARTICLE, ADJECTIVE PRONOUN, PREPOSITION, CONJUNCTION, INTERJECTION. XXIV. OF NOUNS. 300. A noun is the name of any person, place or thing; as, man, London, knife. 301. Nouns are of two kinds, proper and common. COMMON nouns are general names; that is, they are names common to all individuals of the same kind or sort; as, house city, river. 302. PROPER nouns are particular names; that is, they are the names of particular individuals of the same kind or sort; as, George, Boston, Mississippi. 303. When proper names have an article placed before them, they are used as common names; as, "He is the Cicero of his age." 304. When a proper noun admits of a plural, it becomes a common noun; |