What is a verb? 438. What is an active verb? 439. When is an active verb transitive? 440. When intransitive? 441. What is a passive verb? 444. How formed? 510. How may a transitive verb be known? 154. How an intransitive? 154. Will you next take the exercises marked 3? What belong to verbs ?* How many numbers have they? How many persons?t What is mood? 451. How many are there? 481. Will you name them? What is the indicative mood used for? 452. The potential? 453. The impera Mood, te ise, number and person. + Three. "Delightful task, to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot." tive? 472. tive? 479. Subjunctive? 456. Infini What are participles? 498. How may the participles in ing be distinguished from other words of like termination? 500. How many, and which are the participles? What does the present express? 500. Perfect? 502. Compound perfect? 504. LXV. Will you next parse the con tractions? 680. What is tense? 494. What is the pres ent used for? 482. The perfect? Imper fect? 488. Pluperfect? 491. First fu ture? 492. Second future? 493 Under what circumstances do we se the present tense to denote the relative time of a future action? 484. Three--the present, perfect, and compound perfect. 688. Omissions of MAY, MIGHT, COULD, WOULD, and SHOULD "Live long and be happy." Who will entreat the Lord that he spare our lives?" I could not think, nor speak, nor hear." "He might not weep, nor laugh nor sing. "Should I forgive you, and allow you to depart, you would not reform." 689. Omissions of the Conjunction before the Verb in the Subjunctive Mood. If he will repent and reform, I will assist him." Unless good order be restored, and the former officers be reelected, there will be an end to the administration of justice." "Had I improved my time as 1 ought to have done, I should have been well qualified for business." "Were there no alternative, I would not do that.' 690. Omissions of FOR after Verbs implying the idea of serving "Make me a pen.' "Order me a carriage." "Bring me some water." Omissions of the Interjection. 691. "Sweet child! lovely child! thy parents are no more." "Sweet blossom! precious to my heart." 692. "Thou Preserver and Creator of all mankind." "My beloved Ulrica! hast thou, too, forgotten me?" Omissions of the Relative. "Several men are there come "I trust that he I desire to see so from Europe." much, will speedily return." 693. LXVI. INVERTED SENTENCES. The Nominative Case placed after the Verb. "Smack went the whip, round went the wheels; Were ever folks so glad?" In what sort of descriptions do we use the present for the past tense? 486. What is the conjugation of a verb? 531. What is the conjugation of an active verb styled? 532. A passive verb? 532. How many tenses has the indicative? 525. Potential? 527. Subjunctive? 526. Imperative? 529. Infinitive? 528. What is the sign of the present indicative? 519. The imperfect? 520. Perfect? 521. Pluperfect? 522. First future? 523. Second future? 524. The potential mood? 515. Infinitive? 517. Subjunctive? 516. How many persons has the imperative? 518. How many tenses 529. How many forms has the subjunctive mood? 461. In what do they differ? 461 guished for his learning and politeness." 4 "And in soft ringlets waved her golden hair.' Will you now parse the omissions? 684, &c. How is the passive verb formed? 510. Will you decline love in the indicative present, passive? and the verb to be in the imperfect? Perfect? Pluperfect? First future? Second future? Present potential? Imperfect? Perfect? Pluperfect? Present subjunctive, common form? Imperfect? Perfect? Pluperfect? First future? Second future? In what voice, mood, tense, number and person, is "I love"? "We love"? "They are loved"?" You are"? "I did learn"? "John was instructed"? "He was"? "They have returned" ? "Have they gone?" "They have been"? "I had had""They had been distinguished"> 694. SENTENCES TRANSPOSED. The Objective Case before the Verb. · Tyrants no more their savage nature kept, And foes to virtue wondered how they wept." 695. 115 "Me glory summons to the martial scene. "The rolls of fame I will not now - explore." SENTENCES TO BE WRITTEN. Will you compose a sentence exemplifying Rule VIII.? One, Rule IX. X.? XI.? XII.? XIII.? XIV.? Will you compose a sentence on the use of the dog? One, on the clouds? One, on night? One, on wind? One, on snow? One, on hail? One, on ice? One, on skating? One, on fishing? One, on courage? One, on cowardice? One, on filial duty? One, on indolence? One, on schools? 696. SENTENCES TRANSPOSED. "Here rests his head upon the lap of earth, A youth, to fortune and to fame unknown." Transposed. "A youth, unknown to fortune and to fame, rests here his head upon the lap of earth." "When, young, life's journey I began, The glittering prospect charmed my eyes;* Joy after joy successive rise: But soon I found 'twas all a dream, And learned the fond pursuit to shun, Where few can reach the purposed aim, And thousands daily are undone." "I began life's journey when young, and the glittering prospect charmed my eyes; I saw joy after joy successive rise, along the extended plain: but soon I found it was all a dream; and learned to shun the fond pursuit, where few can reach the purposed aim, and thousands are daily undone." "Needful austerities our wills restrain, As thorns fence in the tender plant from harm' Transposed. "Needful austerities restrain our wills, as thorns fence in the ten der plant from harm." LXVI. Will you parse the inverted sentences? 693, &c. In what voice, mood, tense, number and person, is "Love thou"? "I may go"? "You may be regarded"? "You might be rejoiced"? "She may have been refused"?"We should have been"? "If I have"? "If thou have"? "If thou hast"? To have"? "To have been"? Will you give the synopsis of learn, through all the moods, tenses, &c., in the first person, including the participle? Learn, in like manner, in the passive? The verb to be in the same manner? Will you give the synopsis of desire in the active voice, with the participles? Of the same in the passive? Of do in the active? In the passive? When is a verb called regular? 533 When irregular? 534. Will you repeat the present and imper feet tenses, also the perfect participle, of am? see? heur? do? weep? sink? swim? Will you next take the sentences to be written? What are auxiliary verbs? 511. "On some fond breast the parting soul relies, Transposed. "The parting soul relies on some fond breast; the closing eye requires some pious drops; the voice of nature cries, even from the tomb; and their wonted fires live even in our ashes." "From lofty themes, from thoughts that soared on high, While Anna reigns, and sets a female name "Omy Muse! descend thou from lofty themes, and from thoughts that soared on high, and opened wondrous scenes above the sky indulge thou my fond desire; and do thou inspire my melting soul with softer thoughts, and smooth my numbers to a female's praise ; a partial world will listen to my lays, while Anna reigns, and sets a female name unrivalled in the glorious lists of fame." In what manner are adverbs compared ? 236, 234. What are the phrases which do the office of adverbs called? 589. Will you name a few? 589. What is a conjunction? 602. Conjunction copulative? 265. Why so called? 264. Conjunction disjunctive? 274. Why so called? 271. Will you repeat the list of copulative conjunctions? 266. Of disjunctive conjunctions? 275. What is an interjection? 607. Why so called? 283. Mention a few? 285. What is syntax? 296. What is a sentence? 252 A simple sentence? 253. What is the rule for the agreement of nouns? XV. Articles? II., III. Adjectives? IV. Pronouns? V. Verbs? VII. Participles? XIII. Agreement of a verb plural with two nouns singular? XVIII. Adjective pronouns and numer als? Note I. What is the rule by which a verb agrees with a noun of multitude, or collective noun? Note XVI. Rule for the objective case after a transitive verb? VIII. What is the rule for the objective case after a preposition? X. After a participle? XIV. Rule for the adverb? IX Rule respecting the interjections O! oh! ah! &c.? Note X. Will you parse the sentences marked transposed? GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. SYNTAX. THAT part of Grammar which treats of the formation and sound of the letters, the combination of letters into syllables, and syllables into words, is called Orthography. That part which treats of the different sorts of words, their various changes and their derivations, is called Etymology. That part which treats of the union and right order of words in the formation of sentences, is called Syntax. GRAMMAR may be considered as consisting of two species, Universal and Particular. Universal Grammar explains the principles which are common to all languages. Particular Grammar applies those principles to a particular language, modifying them according to the genius of that tongue, and the established practice of the best writers and speakers by whom it is used. LANGUAGE, in the proper sense of the word, signifies the expression of our ideas, and their various relations, by certain articulate sounds, which are used as the signs of those ideas and relations. An articulate sound is the sound of the human voice, formed by the organs of speech. LETTERS are the representatives of certain articulate sounds, the elements of the language. The letters of the English Language, called the English Alphabet, are twenty-six in number, each of which constitutes the first principle, or least part of a word. LETTERS are divided into vowels and consonants. A vowel is a letter that can be perfectly sounded by itself. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. W and y are consonants when they begin a word or syllable; but in every other situation they are vowels. A consonant is a letter that cannot be perfectly sounded without the aid of a vowel; as, b, d, f, l. All letters except the vowels are consonants. Consonants are divided into mutes and semi-vowels. The mutes cannot be sounded at all, without the aid of a vowel. They are b, p, t, d, k, and c and g hard. |