Pendleton Civil Service Bill, 396.
Penn, William, a convert to the
Friends, 70; portrait, 71; west New
Jersey comes into hands of, 72;
founds Pennsylvania, 73; invites
immigration, 73; treats Indians
justly, 74, 75; sails to America, 74,
75; lays out Philadelphia, 75; claims
portion of settlements on Delaware
River, 78.

Penn family, opposed by Franklin, 118.
Pennsylvania, charter obtained by
Penn, 73; called in honor of Penn's
father, 73; immigration invited, 73;
Penn sails to, 74, 75; boundary be-
tween Maryland and, 78; colonial
inhabitants of, 117; ratifies Consti-
tution, 194; whisky rebellion in,
225; invaded by Lee, 376; Early's
raid in, 379.

Pennsylvania Gazette, device in, 124,
125.

Pensacola, British rendezvous at, 249;
abandoned, 250.

Pensioners, living, 385.

Peoria, Ill., La Salle builds fort on site
of, 32.

Pequot War, 60, 61.

Perez, Juan, prior of La Rábida, aids
Columbus, 5.

Perry, M. F., expedition of, to Japan,
326.

Perry, Oliver H., victory on Lake Erie,
246.

Persecution, religious, forbidden in
Maryland, 78.

Personal Liberty laws, 315.
Peru, conquered by Pizarro, 15.
Peter the Hermit, 438.

Petersburg, Grant besieges, 378; Lee
retreats from, 382.

Petroleum, discovery of, 395.
Philadelphia, cut of, 74; laid out by
Penn, 75; early prosperity, 117;
services of Franklin, 118; first
American medical school in, 120;
first Continental Congress at, 141;
Declaration of Independence read
from State House in, 157; map of
vicinity, 169; British enter, 172; ex-
hibition of 1876 at, 398.
Philadelphia, frigate, Decatur's ex-
ploit on, 237.

Philip, Indian chief, attacks New Eng-
land colonies, 63; killed, 63.
Pickens, Andrew, 179.

Pickens, Francis Wilkinson, governor,
353.

Pickering, Timothy, Secretary of State,
255, 256; Secretary of War, 255.

Pickett's charge, 386.

Pierce, Franklin, administration of,
338-341; portrait, sketch, 339.
Pierrepont, Edwards, Attorney Gen-
eral, 429.

Pilgrims, Separatists known as, 50;
landing of, 50, 51; sign compact in
Mayflower, 51; first winter in Plym-
outh, 51; text of compact, 457.
Pine-tree shilling, cut of, 64.
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, envoy
to France, 226; treaty with Spain,
232.

Pinkney, William, Attorney General,

257.

Pinzon, Martin, impressed by ideas of
Columbus, 5; Pinzon brothers, assist
Columbus in fitting out fleet, 6.
Pioneer life, 218, 219.
Pirates, 84; Barbary, 236.
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 126;
policy in French and Indian War, 96;
defends opposition to Stamp Act,
133; withdraws from power, 136;
opposes policy of George III., 150,
151; hated by George III., 173.
Pittsburg, Indian attack on, fails, 100.
Pittsburg Landing, battle of, 363, 364.
Pizarro, conquests by, 15.

Plains, Western, of the United States,
453.

Plains of Abraham, battle of, 98.
Plantation life, in Virginia, 79.
Planters, growing power of, in Vir-
ginia, 81, 82; methods of, 210.
Plattsburg, British repulsed at, 249.
Plymouth, England, Drake sails from,
41; Mayflower sails from, 49.
Plymouth, Mass., landing of Pilgrims
at, 50, 51; settlement, 51; people
from, settle Windsor, Conn., 56.
Plymouth Company, part of Virginia
Company, 44; grants some self-gov-
ernment to Plymouth settlement, 51.
Plymouth Rock, 51.
Pocahontas, story of, 46.
Poe, Edgar Allan, 332; portrait, sketch,
332.

Poinsett, Joel R., Secretary of War,
321.
Poland, 163.

Political adventurers, move to the
South, 391.

Politics, partisan, upheld by Jackson,
291.

Polk, James Knox, portrait, 302;

elected President, 303; sketch, 303;
announces war with Mexico, 304.
Polo, Marco, adventures of, inspire
Columbus, 2.

Polygamy, abolished in Utah, 405.
Ponce de Leon, touches Florida, 14;
first Spaniard to reach United States,

14.

Pontiac's War, 99, 100..
Poor Richard's Almanac, printed by
Franklin, 118.

Poor whites, in colonial times, 121.
Pope, General, captures Island Num-
ber Ten, 365; defends Washington,
370; routed at Manassas, 372.
Population, of English colonies, 110;
of United States, at first census,
209.

Port Hudson, surrenders, 377.

Port Royal, established by De Monts,
29.

Porter, Peter B., Secretary of War,
320.

Portland, Me., burned by British, 149.
Portsmouth, N.H., settled, 59.
Portsmouth, R.I., settled, 58.
Portugal, King of, deceives Colum-
bus, 3; Vespucci voyages in interest
of, 12; "Line of Demarcation" be-
tween possessions of Spain and of,
13; early commerce of, 441; passion
for finding gold mines, 443.
Portuguese, the, seek new route to
India, 2; reach East Indies first sail-
ing eastward, then westward, 15.
Postage, reduced, 406.

Posts, Western, see Western posts.
Powhatan, spares Captain John Smith,
46; treats English kindly, 46.
Praying Indians, 63.

President, election of, 418, 419; powers,
419, 475, 476; office, 474, 475; duties,
476; constitutional provisions for
electing, 481, 482.

Presidential election of 1860, issue of,

344.

Presidential Succession Bill, 408.
Presidents, Ohio furnishes a number
of, 331.

Prescott, Colonel William, commander
at Bunker Hill, 147.

Preston, William B., Secretary of
Navy, 425.

Princeton, New Jersey, British routed
at, 169.

Printing, invention of, 440.

Privateering, in French and Indian
War, 115.

Privateers, famous, 178, 179.
Proctor, General, defeated, 246.
Proctor, Redfield, Secretary of War,
431.

Prophet, the, brother of Tecumseh,
241.

Protection, see Tariff, protective.
Protestants, most of colonists were,
110.

Providence, Md., first name of An-
napolis, 78.

Providence, R.I., settled, 58.
Provincetown

harbor, Mayflower
reaches, 49; compact signed in, 51.
Provincial Congress formed in Massa-
chusetts, 141; collects military stores
in Concord, 142; asks Continental
Congress to take charge of army,
146.

Public lands, 188; assigned to fami-
lies by Homestead Bill, 374; grants
of, 396.

Public libraries, 122.

Public schools, see Schools.
Pueblo Indians, 19.

Puget Sound, destined to be a great
port, 449.

Pulaski, a Polish hero, joins Conti-
nental army, 161.

Puritans, members of Church of Eng-
land, 52; wish to leave England, 52;
migration of, 53; settle Boston, 54;
found Massachusetts, 55; settle Con-
necticut and New Haven, 56; banish
Roger Williams, 58; dislike to In-
dians, 59; declare a commonwealth
in England, 61; hospitably treated
in Maryland, 78; govern Virginia
during Commonwealth, 80; suspi-
cious of French, 89; exodus of, to
America, 444, 445.

Quakers, origin of word, 70. See also
Friends, Society of.

Quebec, present site of, seen by Car-
tier, 28; founded by Champlain,
29; cut of, 89; Wolfe's stratagem
against, 97, 98; battle of, 98; sur-
render of, to English, 99; Arnold's
retreat from, 150.

Queenstown Heights, Americans fail
to take, 244.

Quilting bee, definition, 109.

Quincy, Mass., first railroad at, 273.

Railroads, first one at Quincy, Mass.,
273; first passenger railway, 274;
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad opened,
274; growth, 274, 326.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, reaches North
Carolina, 42; names Virginia, 42;
portrait, 42; plans for colonizing,
42; loses trace of colony, 43; put to
death, 43.

Ramsey, Alexander, Secretary of War,
429.

Randall, Alexander W., Postmaster
General, 427.

Randolph, Edmund, first Attorney
General, 202; Attorney General,
Secretary of State, 255.

Rank, early distinctions of, 112; in
church, at college, 113.

Rawlins, John A., Secretary of War,
428.

Reaping machine, 329.
Reciprocity treaties, 413.
Reconstruction period, 387, 396.
Regicide judges, 67.

Religion, early provisions for, in
United States, 213: freedom of, 480.
Religious tests, abolished, 213, 479.
Religious toleration in Maryland, 77, 78.
Renaissance, 439, 440.
Republican (Anti-Federalist) party,
favors French Revolution, 222.
Republican party, Fremont candidate
of, 342; nominates Lincoln, 344;
hatred of, in South, 346; not in sym-
pathy with President Johnson, 388;
dissatisfaction with, 401.

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, 304.
Resumption of specie payments, 402.
Revenue, national, Hamilton's plan
for, 206.

Revenue officers, appointed by crown,
66.

Revere, Paul, ride of, 142.
Revolution, American, see American
Revolution.

Rhode Island, settlements begun in,
58; denied admittance to United
Colonies of New England, 61; pri-
vateering from, 115; first to declare
independence of crown, 154; slow

Rittenhouse, David, astronomer, 120.
Roanoke Island, 42.
Robertson, John, settles in Southwest-
ern Territory, 216.
Robeson, George M., Secretary of
Navy, 428, 429.

Rochambeau, helps surround Corn-
wallis, 182.

Rocky Mountains, 450; crossed by
Lewis and Clarke, 233; dispute over
country west of, 309-311; Fremont's
expeditions to, 326.

Rodgers, Commodore John, exploits
of, 245.

Rodney, Cæsar A., Attorney General,
257.

Rogers, Major Robert, breaks Ponti-
ac's power, 100.

Rolfe, John, marries Pocahontas, 46.
Roman Catholics, unwelcome in Eng-
land, 76.

Rome, N.Y., Fort Stanwix on present
site of, 171.

Rosecrans, General, defeated at Chick-
amauga, 377.

Royalists, in Virginia, 80.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 120.
Rush, Richard, Attorney General, 257,
319; attitude of, as minister to Eng-
land, toward Holy Alliance, 267;
Secretary of Treasury, 320.

Rusk, Jeremiah M., Secretary of Agri-
culture, 431.

Russia, claim on Pacific coast, 266;
notified that this claim would be
contested, 266, 267.

Sabine River, Mexican boundary, 265,
298.

Saco, Maine, founded, 59.
Sagas, 437.

Sailors, sold into slavery by Barbary
pirates, 236, 237; impressment of, by
England, 238, 239; impressment con-
tinued, 241; impressment grievance
ceases, 252; of the Union, grand re-
view of, 384, 385.

St. Augustine, only remaining sign of
Spaniards in Florida, 16.

St. Clair, Arthur, defeated by Indians,
224.

St. Croix River, De Monts establishes
fur-trading post on,
29.
St. Lawrence River, 110; river and
gulf of, discovered by Cartier, 28;
river ascended by Champlain, 29.
St. Leger, Colonel, retreats from Fort
Stanwix, 171.

St. Louis, growth of, 283; bridge at,
283; center of Western fur trade, 310.

St. Mary's, Md., 77.

Salem, Mass., founded by Puritans,
53.

Samoa, treaty regarding, 412.

San Francisco, early days of, 312.
Santa Anna, loses at Buena Vista, and
Jalapa, 305.
Santa Fé, 304.

Santa Maria, caravel of Columbus, 6.
Saratoga, Burgoyne surrenders at,
173.

Sargasso Sea, xvi; fleet of Columbus
enters, 7, 8.

Saunders, Richard, pseudonym of
Franklin, 118.

Savannah, founded, 85; capture of,
177; evacuated, 184; Sherman en-
ters, 381.

Savannah, steamer, crosses Atlan-
tic, 273.

Say and Sele, Lord, holds patent to
land on Connecticut River, 56.
Saybrook, Conn., planted, 56.
Scandinavia, emigration from, 328.
Schenectady, destroyed, 90.
Schofield, General John M., 381; Sec-
retary of War, 427.
Scholarship, driven
Turks, 439.
Schools, early set up in Massachusetts,
55; slowth growth of system of
public, 213; portion of each Western
township reserved for benefit of,
231.

westward

by

Schurz, Carl, Secretary of Interior,
429.

Schuyler, General Philip, blocks Bur-
goyne, 171; superseded by Gates on
eve of victory, 173.

Schuylkill, meaning of word, 69.
Scotch, settle in South Carolina, 84.
Scotch-Irish, in the West, 214; Prot-
estants, reach America, 445.
Scott, Dred, 342.

Secession, threatened by South, 346;
South Carolina passes Ordinance of,
347; other ordinances follow, 347;
question of, settled by the war for
the Union, 388.
Sedition act, 227.

Seminole Indians, 412.
Seminole War, 264, 265.
Semmes, Captain, of the Alabama, 380.
Senate, 419, 469, 470.
Separatists, beliefs of, 48; in Holland,
49; sail in Mayflower from Plym-
outh, 49; known as the Pilgrims,
50; settle Plymouth Colony, 51.
Serapis, fight with Bon Homme Rich-
ard, 179.

Serpent Mound, in Loudon, Ohio, 19.
Servants, indented, 79.

Seven Years' War, 95, 96, 128.
Sevier, John, settles in Southwestern
Territory, 217.

Seward, William H., concession of, to
slavery, 350; attempt to assassinate,
384; Secretary of State, 427.
Shackamaxon, place of Penn's treaty
with Indians, 75.

Shaw, Colonel Robert G., 375.
Shays's Rebellion, 191.

Shelby, Isaac, Secretary of War, 319.
Shenandoah Valley, Stonewall Jack-

son's victory in, 370; Early retires
up, 379; Sheridan in, 382.
Sheridan, General, defeats Early at
Winchester, 379, 380.

Sherman, John, Secretary of Treasury,
429; Secretary of State, 432.
Sherman, General, sketch, 378; por-
trait, 379; takes Atlanta, 381; march
to the sea, 381; march northward,
382; Secretary of War, 428.
Sherman family, importance of, in
Ohio, 231.

Shiloh, battle of, 363, 364.
Shipbuilding, begun in Massachusetts,

55.

Sea of Darkness, name for unknown
Atlantic, 6.

Seamen, see Sailors.

Search, right of, claimed by England,
223; sustained by Jay's treaty, 224;
England continues to exercise, 241.
See also Sailors.
Search warrants, 480.

Six Nations, 23; at Albany Congress,
92; do not join Pontiac, 100; Fort
Stanwix treaty with, 215.

Slater, Samuel, sets up cotton spin-
ning, 212.

Slaveholders, Lincoln unwilling to
estrange, 360.

Slave laws, growing opposition to,
280, 281.

Slave trade, generally forbidden in
South, 278.

Slavery, Indians not actually sold into,
by Spaniards, 16; first brought to
Virginia, 79; introduced into South
Carolina from Barbadoes, 83; Indi-
ans sold into, in Carolinas, 84; colo-
nial, in Virginia and South Carolina,
120; effect of, 121; excluded from
Northwest Territory, 189; becomes
a national question, 276; growth of
system, 278, 279; economical aspect,
280; relations of South and North re-
garding, 281; question of, in territo-
ries, 282, 283; Missouri Compromise,
282, 283; State sovereignty, a safe-
guard for, 285; becomes a moral
question, 29; abolitionists attack,
300; attempt to draw attention
from, 303; question of, in territo-
ries, 315; portrayed by Mrs. Stowe,
336; reëstablishment of, in Central
America sought, 341; W. H. Seward
willing to perpetuate, 350; Fre-
mont's proclamation against, 360;
abolished, 482.

Slaves, number in colonies, 110; fugi-
tive, helped by Indians into Florida,
264; not persons according to Su-
preme Court, 342: declared "contra-
band of war,
360.

Smith, Caleb B., Secretary of Interior,
427.

Smith, Hoke, Secretary of Interior,
432.

Smith, Captain John, saved by Poca-
hontas, 46; searches for gold, 46;
portrait, 47; Pilgrims decline his
offer to settle with them, 50
Smith, Joseph, publishes Book of Mor-
mon, killed, 313.

Smith, Robert, Secretary of Navy,
Attorney General, 256; Secretary
of State, 257.

Smithsonian Institution, 325.
Smuggling, prevalence of in colonies,
128; writs of assistance aimed at,
128.

Social equality of frontier, 219.
Social rank, early, 112, 113.
Soldiers, negro, in war for the Union,
375, 376; of the Union, grand re-
view of, 384, 385; quartering of,
480.

Sons of Liberty, 133.

Soto, Ferdinand de, discovers Missis-
sippi River, 15, 16; buried therein,
16.

South, the, colonial life in, 120; effect
of slavery in, 121; British campaign
in (1778), 177; campaign of 1780 in,
179; campaign of 1781, 181, 182;
labor in, 278; growth of slavery in,
279; becomes relatively poorer, 280;
slave laws in, 281; favors State sov-
ereignty, 285, 287; at first favors
protective tariff, 292; wants lower
tariff, 292; nullification doctrine in,
294; anxious in regard to rapid
growth of North, 298; wants ex-
pansion of slave territory, 341;
threatens to leave Union, 346; un-
changed character of, 347; ordi-
nances of secession pass, 347; or-
ganizes Confederate States, 347;
not entirely committed to destruc-
tion of Union, 348; attempt to
pacify, 350; reconstruction not sat-
isfactory to, 389; corrupt political
influence in, 391; Federal troops
withdrawn from, 402. See also
Confederate States.

South America, Columbus set foot on,
12; visited by Vespucci, 12; Magel-
lan follows coast of, 14; western
coast of, conquered by Pizarro, 15;
republics set up in, 266.

South Bend, Ind., settled, 231.
South Carolina, settled, 83; becomes
separate province, 84; Huguenots
and others settle in, 84; colonial
slavery in, 120; first to adopt a
constitution, 154; claims right to
nullify tariff acts, 294; threatens to
withdraw from Union, 294; tariff
modified to please, 294; passes Or-
dinance of Secession, 347; demands
surrender of Fort Sumter, 349.
South Dakota, added to Union, 412.
South River, see Delaware River.
South Sea, Pacific Ocean called, 46.
Southampton, Earl of, sends out Gos-
nold to Virginia, 44.

Southampton, Separatists sail from,

49.

Southard, Samuel L., Secretary of
Navy, 319, 320.

Southwest, operations in, during War
of 1812, 246, 247.

Southwestern Territory, 216, 217.
Spain, conquers Moors at Granada, 5;
agreement of crown of, with Colum-
bus, 6: Vespucci sails in interest of,
12; Line of Demarcation" between
possessions of Portugal and of, 13;
conquests of, in America, 15; wars
with England, 62; gives up Florida,
99; Louisiana made over to, 99;