Psychotropic Agents: Part I: Antipsychotics and AntidepressantsSpringer Science & Business Media, 6 de dez. de 2012 - 736 páginas The volumes on "psychotropic substances" in the Handbook of Experimental Phar macology series clearly show that the classical concept of this discipline has become too narrow in recent years. For instance, what substances are psychotropic is determined not by the criteria of the animal trial, i.e. by experimental pharmacology, but by their action on the psy che, which in the final analysis is only accessible to us in man. Psychotropic substances force experimental pharmacology (and thus also this Handbook) outside its tradition allimits, which have essentially depended on animal studies. The antipsychotics and antidepressants were not discovered in animal ex periments, but by chance (or more precisely, by clinical empiricism). Experienced psy chiatrists trained in the observation of patients recognised the efficacy of drugs, the beneficial effect of which nobody had dreamed of before: DELAY and DENICKER in the case of chlorpormazine, KLINE in the case of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors and KUHN in the case of imipramine. It was only after these discoveries that the pharma cologists developed experimental models of the psychoses in animal experiments. However, even today we still do not know with certainty which of the effects shown in animals is relevant for the clinical effect despite the vast abundance of individual investigations. For many years, this uncertainty led to the testing of antipsychotics (e.g. of the neuroleptic type) in models which actually produced the undesired effects. |
Conteúdo
3 | |
9 | |
15 | |
CHAPTER 2 | 27 |
Central Actions of Reserpine | 46 |
Effect of Reserpine on the Motor System | 48 |
Effects of Reserpine on Bioelectric Signals | 50 |
Comparison with Other Neuroleptics | 51 |
References | 253 |
CHAPTER 12 | 266 |
Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Loxapine in Man | 277 |
CHAPTER 13 | 287 |
CHAPTER 14 | 305 |
References | 332 |
B Psychotherapeutic Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System | 338 |
CHAPTER 16 | 350 |
Alleged DepressionInducing Effect of Neuroleptics | 52 |
CHAPTER 4 | 59 |
Action of Antipsychotics on Spontaneous Behavior | 61 |
Pattern of Action on Behavior | 62 |
Conclusion | 64 |
Muscle Relaxation and Ptosis | 65 |
Excitation Conditions | 66 |
Aggression | 67 |
Reproduction | 69 |
Prey Catching | 70 |
Actions of Antipsychotics on Induced Behavioral Patterns | 71 |
TryptamineInduced Convulsion | 73 |
Withdrawal Syndrome | 74 |
SelfStimulation | 75 |
Brain Lesions | 76 |
F Conclusions | 80 |
References | 81 |
CHAPTER 5 | 89 |
CHAPTER 6 | 97 |
References | 104 |
CHAPTER 7 | 111 |
Presence of Monoamines in the Brain Stem | 120 |
NigroNeostriatal System | 127 |
E Mesolimbic System | 141 |
H Concluding Remarks | 150 |
CHAPTER 8 | 176 |
Figures | 187 |
B Summary | 190 |
Effects of Neuroleptic Drugs in Discrete Brain Structures | 196 |
Atypical Neuroleptics | 204 |
CHAPTER 10 | 213 |
E Conclusions | 220 |
Phenothiazines | 234 |
Reserpine | 246 |
B Conclusion | 362 |
CHAPTER 17 | 369 |
E Use in Phobic Anxiety | 381 |
H Management of Overdosage and Side Effects | 387 |
CHAPTER 18 | 399 |
E Amine Uptake Inhibition | 405 |
CHAPTER 19 | 415 |
B Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors MAOIs | 425 |
Supplementary References | 435 |
E EEG Findings with Antidepressants | 442 |
F Summary and Conclusion | 464 |
Biochemical Effects of Antidepressants in Animals F SULSER and P L MOBLEY | 471 |
Effect of Antidepressant Drugs on the Sensitivity of the NEReceptor | 481 |
CHAPTER 3 | 491 |
Biochemical Effects of Antidepressants as Reflected in the CSF | 495 |
CHAPTER | 505 |
DrugInduced Behaviors Implicating Aminergic Stimulation in | 514 |
References | 521 |
CHAPTER 22 | 527 |
Conclusions | 543 |
CHAPTER 23 | 550 |
Other Antidepressants | 563 |
wwwwww | 571 |
CHAPTER 24 | 573 |
Psychological Effects | 578 |
36 | 581 |
Renal Elimination and Mechanism of Poisoning | 584 |
CHAPTER 26 | 591 |
Influence of Neuroleptics and Reserpine on the Effects of Anticonvulsant | 616 |
623 | |
625 | |
713 | |
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acid Acta action activity acute adenylate cyclase administration adrenergic agents amine amitriptyline amphetamine Andén animals antagonism antidepressant drugs antipsychotic antipsychotic drugs apomorphine Arch Arzneim BARTHOLINI behavior biochemical Biol Brain Res butyrophenones Carlsson catalepsy catecholamines caudate nucleus central changes chlorpromazine cholinergic chronic Clin clinical clozapine compounds decrease depression desipramine DIMASCIO Dopa dopamine dopaminergic dose levels effects of reserpine fluphenazine Forsch GABA haloperidol imipramine increase induced inhibition inhibitors injection ITIL JANKE JANSSEN JURNA limbic lithium MAOI metabolism metabolites mg/kg mice monkeys monoamine oxidase Mouse neuroleptic neuroleptic drugs neurons Neuropharmacology NIEMEGEERS noradrenaline oral patients perphenazine Pharm Pharmacodyn Pharmacol pharmacological phenothiazine Physiol pimozide potential promazine Psychiatry Psychopharmacology psychotropic drugs rabbits RANDRUP rat brain reactions receptors reflex reserpine schizophrenic seizures serotonin stimulation striatal striatum studies substantia nigra Ther therapeutic thioridazine tion tonic tonic seizures toxicity treatment tricyclic antidepressants turnover uptake