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Diffolute pleasures, and luxury of every kind form a grand feature of the national character of the Carolimans. We cenfure not the profufion of their tables; it is the profulion of Heaven; but to the pleafures of the table they are too much addicted. Here and in every fpecics of luxurious indulgence, they feem galloping hard after the diffolute Europeans; and fmail are the powers requifite to difcern, that they are not very far behind them.

The Carolinians fooner arrive at maturity, both in the bodies and minds, than the natives of colder climates. They poffefs a natural quickness and vivacity of genius, fuperior to the inhabitants of the north; but too generally want that enterprife and perfeverence which are neceffary for the higheft attainments in the arts and iciences. They have, indeed few motives to enterprife; inhabiting a fertile country, which by the labour of flaves, produces plentifully and creates affluence; in a climate which favours indulgence, eafe, and a difpofition for convivial pleafures, they too generally reft contented with barely knowledge enough to tranfact the common affairs of life. There are not a few inftances, however, in this State, in which genius has been united with application, and the effects of their union have been happily experienced, not only by this State, but by the whole Union.

The wealth produced by the labour of the flaves, furnishes their proprie tors with the means of hofpitality; and no people in the world ufe thefe means with more liberality. Some of the inhabitants fpare no pains or expence in giving the bigheit polith of education to their children, by enabling them to travel, and by other means unattainable by thofe who have but maderate fortunes.

The Carolinians are generally affable and eafy in their manners, and polite and attentive to ftrangers. The ladies want the bloom of the north, but have an engaging foftnefs and delicacy in their appearance and manners, and many of them poffets the polite and elegant accomplishments.

With the introduction of luxury in this country, the power of religion has vifibly declined among all the different denominations of Chriftians; but if the Carolinians are not religious, it may be truly faid, they are not fuperfi tious. Theatrical amufemen's have been introduced and encouraged among them. Thefe, though they form a fpecies of retined luxury, are, of many others the leaft dangerous; their poitical damage, at leaft is not fo great; for while they add a polish to the manners of the people, they feldem impoverish the country; actors are generally profufe in living; they feldom deprive a country of its cafh; hence money in their hands is not loft; quite the reverse, it is put in circulation.

In countries where flavery is encouraged, the ideas of the people are, in general, of a peculiar caft; the foul often becomes dark and narrow, and af fumes a tone of favage brutality. Such at this day are the inhabitants of Barbary and the Weft Indies. But, nothing like this has yet diforaced an American State. We may look for it in Carolina, but we fhall be disappointed. The most elevated and liberal Carolinians abhor flavery; they will not debafe themfelves by attempting to vindicate it; he who would encourage it, abflracted from the idea of bare necellity. is not a man, he is a brute in human form, For" difguife thyfelf as thou wilt. O Slavery, phill thou art a bitter draught" it is interell, louder than the voice of reaton, which alone exclaims in thy favour.

Among their neighbours, the Carolinians fiard accufel of haughtinefs and infolent carriage. Nothing is apparently more time than this charge; nothing is really more falfe. Surrounded by flaves and accuflomed to com

mand, they acquire a forward dictatorial habit, which can never be laid afde. In order to judge of their difpofitions, we muft ftudy them with attention. Genuine affability, and generofity, form their diflinguifhing characteristics; for thefe, for the exercife of hofpitality, and all the focial virtues, we may venture to affert, that no country on earth has excelled Carolina.

Trade and Manufactures.

THIS State furnishes all the materials, and of the best kind, for

fhip building. The live oak, and the pitch and yellow pines, are of a fuperior quality. Ships might be built here with more eafe, and to much greater advantage, than in the middle and eaftern flates. A want of feamen is one reason why this business is not more generally attended to.

So much attention is now paid to the manufacture of indigo in this flate, that it bids fair to rival that of the French. It is to be regretted, that it is fill the practice of the merchants concerned in the Carolina trade, to fell, at foreign markets, the Carolina indigo, of the first quality, as French. This country, while it increafes the immediate profit of the merchant, finks the character of the Carolina article ; and in one view almoft neceffitates the trader to continue a practice begun in folly and knavery.

There has been a vaft confumption of foreign imported articles; but the quantities and value of their exports generally leave a balance in favour of the flate.

The principal articles exported from this flate are, rice, indigo, tobacco, fkins of various kinds, beef, pork, cotton, pitch, tar, rofin, turpentine, myttle-wax, lumber, naval flores, cork, leather, pink root, fnake root, ginfeng, &c.

GENTLEMEN

State of Literature.

NTLEMEN of fortune, before the late war, fent their fons te Europe for education. During the late war and fince, they have generally fent them to the middle and northern flates. Those who have been at this expence in educating their fons, have been but comparatively few in number, fo that the literature of the flate is at a low ebb. Since the peace, however, it has begun to flourish. There are feveral refpectable academies at Charleston; one at Beaufort, on Port Royal ifland; and feveral others in different parts of the state. Three colleges have lately been incorporated by law; one at Charleston, one at Winnsborough, in the diftrict of Camden, and the other at Cambridge, in the diftrict of Ninety-fix. The public and private donations for the fupport of thefe three colleges were originally intended to have been appropriated jointly, for the erecting and fupporting of one refpectable college. The divifion of thefe donations has fruitrated this defign. Part of the old barracks in Charleston has been hand fomely fitted up, and converted into a college, and there are a number of fludents: but it does not yet merit a more dignified name than that of a refpectable academy. The Mount Sion college, at Winnsborough, is fupported by a refpectable fociety of gentlemen, who have long been incorporated. This inftitution flourishes, and bids fair for usefulness. The college at Cambridge is no more than a grammar-school. To put the literature of this ftate upon a refpectable footing, nothing is wanting but a fpirit of enterprife among its wealthy

inhabitants.

Charitable and Other Societies.

THESE are the South-Carolina, Mount Sion Library, and St.

Cecilia focieties; a fociety for the relief of the widows and orphans of clergymen, a medical fociety lately inftituted in Charleston, and a mufical fociety. At Beaufort and on St. Helena are feveral charitable focieties, incorporated with funds to a confiderable amount, defigned principally for the education of poor children, and which promife, at a future day, to be of great public atility. What are called Jockey Clubs have increafed within a few years.

Conftitution.

THE Legislative authority is vefted in a General Affembly, con

fifting of a Senate and House of Reprefentatives. There are one hundred and twenty-four Reprefentatives, and thirty-five fenators appointed among the feveral diflricts. The reprefentatives are chofen for two years. The fenators are chofen for four years, and divided into two claffes, one clafs being chofen every fecond year. The clergy are excluded from civil offices. The executive authority is vefted in a governor, chofen for two years, by both houfes of Affembly jointly; but he cannot be re-elected till after four years. This conflitutioh afferts the fupreme power of the people; liberty of confcierce; trial by jury; and fubordination of the military to the civil power. It excludes ex poft facto laws; bills of attainder; exceffive bail; and titles of nobility and hereditary diftin&tion.

Indians.

THE Catabaws are the only nation of Indians in this State. They

have but one town, called Catabaw, fituated on Catabaw river, in latitude 34° 49′ on the boundary line between North and South Carolinas, and contains about four hundred and fifty inhabitants, of which about one hundred and fifty are fighting men.

It is worthy of remark, that this nation was long at war with the fix nations into whofe country they often penetrated, which it is faid no other Indian, nation from the fouth or weft ever did. The fix nations always confidered them as the braveft of their enemies, till they were furrounded by the fettlements of white people, whose neighbourhood, with other concurrent causes, have rendered them corrupt and euervated,

CHA P. XXIV.

STATE OF GEORGIA.

Situation, Extent and Boundaries.

THIS State is fituated between 31° and 35 north latitude and 5

and 16° weft longitude: its length is fix hundred miles, and its breadth two hundred and fifty. It is bounded on the caft, by the Atlantic ocean; on the fouth, by Eaft and Weft Florida; on the weft, by the river Miffiffippi; and on the north and north-eafl, by South-Carolina, and the lands ceded to the United States by North Carolina or the Teneffee government.

It is divided into two diflricis, viz. Upper and Lower, which are fubdivided into twenty-four counties, viz. Camden, Glynn, Liberty. Chatham, Bryan, M'Intosh, Effingham, Seriven. Burke, Montgomery. Wafhangton, Hancock, Greene, Franklin, Oglethorpe, Elbert. Wilkes, Linkoln, Warren, Jefferfon, Jackfon, Bullock, Columbia, ard Richmond. This flate contains about 120,000 inhabitants of whom about 40,000 are flaves.

Chief Towns.

AUGUSTA was till lately the feat of government in this State. It

is fituated on the fouth-weft bank of Savannah river, which is here about five hundred yards wide, about one hundred and forty-four miles from the fea, and one hundred and twenty-feven north-west of Savannah. The town which in 1782 contained but three or four houses, in 1787 contained two hundred; it is on a fine large plain, at the foot of the first falls in the river, which in a dry feafon are four or five feet in height; and as it enjoys the belt foil, and the advantage of a central fituation between the upper and lower counties, is riling fall into importance. In the vicinity of this town is a remarkable large bank of oy fter theils.

Savannah, a port of entry and the former capital of Georgia, flands on a high fandy bluff, on the fouth fide of the river of the fame name, and feventeen miles from its mouth. The town is regularly built in the form of a parallelagram, and, including its fuburbs. contained, in 1787, two hundred and twenty-feven dwelling houfes, ore Epifcopal church, a Prefbyterian church, a Synagogue, and a court-houfe. The number of its inhabitants, exclufive of the blacks, amounted at that time to about eight hundred and thirty, leventy of whom were Jews. More than two thirds of this town were confumed by fire in 1796.

In Savannah, and within a circumference of about ten miles from it, there were. in the fummer of 1787, about two thoufand three hundred inhabitants. Of thefe one hundred and ninety-two were above fifty years of age, and all in good health. The ages of a lady and her fix children, then living in the town, amounted to three hundred and eighty-five years. This com putation, which was actually made, ferves to fhew that Savannah is not really fo unhealthy as has been cominonly reprefented. It is 130 miles S. W. of Augufta, and 925 from Philadelphia. N. lat. 32. W. long. 81, 23.

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