Licking river, from fome of which it is faid, iffue ftreams of brinifh waterthe Big bone lick, Diennon's lick, and Bullet's lick. at Sulfburgh. The Jaft of thefe licks, though in low order, has fupplied this country and Cumberland with falt at twenty fhillings the bathe, Virginia currency; and fome is exported to the Illinois country. The method of procuring water from thefe hacks is by finking wells from thirty to forty feet deep. The water drawn from thefe wells is more frongly impregnated with falt than the water

from the fea.

The Nob lick, and many others, do not produce water, but confift. of clay mixed with falt particles: to thefe the cattle repair, and reduce high hills rather to valleys than plains. The amazing herds of buffalo which refort thither by their liz: and number, fill the travelier with amazement and terror, elpecially when he beholds the prodigio is roads they have made from all quarters, as if leading to fome popolous city; the vaft space o land around thefe fprings deflated as if by a ravaging enemy, and hills reduced to plains, for the land near thofe fprings are chiefly hilly; these are truly curiofities, and the eye can fcarcely be faustied with adimiting them.

A medical fpring is found near the Great-bone lick, which has perfectly cured the itch, by once bathing; and experience in time may difcover in it other virtues. There is another of like nature near Drinnon's lick.

The wellern waters produce plenty of fifh and fowl. The hith, common to the waters of the Ohio, are a buffalo fish, of a large fize, and the cat fifb, fomeames excceding one hundred weight. Trout have been taken in the Kentucky. weighing thirty pounds. The mullet, rock, peren, gar fifh, and cel, are here in plenty. Suckers, fun fish, and other hook fish, are abundant ; but ro fhad or herrings. On thefe waters, and cfpecially on the Ohio, the geefe and ducks are amazingly numerous.

a bird

The land fowls are turkeys, which are very frequent. pheafants and partridges. The parroquet, every way refembling a parrot, but much Imaller the ivory bill woodcock, of a whitish colour, with a white plume, flies, fcreaming exceeding fharp. It is afferted, that the bill of this bird is pure ivory, a circumflance very fingular in the plumy tribe. The great owl refe bles is fpecies in other parts, but is remarkably different in its vociferation, fometimes making a flrange fuiprifing noife, like a man in the mofl extreme difficulty.

• Serpents are not numerous, and are fuch as are to be found in other parts of the continent, except the bull, the horned, and the mockafon thakes. Swamps are rare, and confiquently frogs and other reptil s, common tof ch places. There are no fwarms of bees, excep: fuch as have been introduced by the prefent inhabitants; thete have increafed and extended themfaves in an almost unparalleled manner of late years.

Among the native animals are the urus, or bifon, called improperly a buffalo; hunters have afferted that they have feen above one thousand of the fe animals at the Blue licks at once; fo numerous were they before the firfl fettlers had wantonly (ported away their lives. These fili remains a great nume ber in the exterior parts of the fettlement. They feed upon cane and gials, as other cattle, and are innocent harmless creatures.

There are still to be found many deer, elks, and bears, withia the fettlement, and many more on the borders of it. There are allo panthers, wild cats, and wolves.

The waters have plenty of beavers, otters, minks, and musk rats: nor are the animals common to other parts wanting, fuch as foxes, rabbits, squir

rels, racoons, ground hogs, pole cats, and opoffums. Moft of the fpecies of the domeftic quadrupeds have been introduced fince the fettlement, fuch as horfes, cows, Theep and hogs, which are prodigiously multiplied, fuffered to Fun in the woods without a keeper, and only brought home when wanted.

Religion and Character.

THERE are in Kentucky a few Epifcopalians and Roman Ca

tholics, and feveral congregations of Prefbyterians; and perhaps fome may be found of almoft every perfuafion. The Baptifts were the first that promoted public worship in this State; they formed three congregations near Harrod's Station, and engaged Mr. David Rice of Virginia as their Paftor; and afterwards formed another large congregation at Lexington, the paftoral charge of which they delivered to Mr. Rankin, alfo of Virginia. These were the first churches in this S.ate.

With refpect to character, the people, collected from different parts, of different manners, cuftoms, religious and political fentiments, have not been long enough together to form an uniform national character : they are, however, in general, polite, humane, hofpitable and very complaifant. Among the fettlers there are gentlemen of abilities, and many genteel families, from feveral of the States, who give dignity and refpectability to the fettlement. They are in general, more regular than people who usually settle new countries,

Their trade is already improving; tobacco has been exported to France and Spain in great quantities through New Orleans. They have alfo erected а paper mill, oil mill, fulling mills, faw mills, and a great number of valuable grift mills. Their falt works are more than fufficient to supply al their inhabitants, at a low price. They make confiderable quantities of fugar from the fugar trees.

Literature.

THE legislature of Virginia, while Kentucky made a part of that

State, made provifion for a college in it, and endowed it with very confiderable landed funds; and a library for its ufe was forwarded thither by the Rev. Mr. John Todd of Virginia (after obtaining the confent of the Rev. Dr. Gordon, while an inhabitant of the Maffachufetts State. This library was moftly formed in the following manner: An epiflolary acquaintance ha ving commenced between Mr. Todd and Dr. Gordon, through the influence of their common friend, the Rev. Mr. Samuel Davis, long fince deceafed; a letter was received about the end of 1764, or beginning of 1765, from Mr. Tudd, in which he expreffed a defire of obtaining a library and fome philofophical apparatus, to improve the education of fome young perfons, who were defigned for the miniftry. Dr. Gordon being then fettled at London, upon application obtained a few annual fubfcriptions, with feveral donations of money, and of books, which were not clofed till after March 1769. During that period he received in cash, including his own subscription, eighty pounds two fhillings and fix-pence. The late worthy John Thornton, Efq. contributed fifty pounds of it, by the hand of the Rev. Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Wilfon, who alfo gave in books ten pounds. Among the contributors ftill living, befide Dr. Gordon himself, are the Rev. Mr. Towle, Mers. Fuller, Samuel, and Thomas Statton, Charles Ferdein, David Jennings, Jonathan Eade, Fofeph Ainfley, and John Field of Thames

Areet.

Of the money collected, twenty-eight pounds ten fillings was paid to the late Mr. Ribright, for an air pump, microfcope, telefcope, and prifins, thorough good, but not new. Cafes, thipping, freight, infurance, &c. at four different periods, came to eight pour ds eleven fillings and fix-pence. The forty-three pounds one fhilling was laid out to the belt advantage in purchafing a variety of books, which, with thofe that were given, are fuppofed to make the main part of the Lexington library. Schools are flabbiled, and in general regularly and handfomely fupported in differci, parts of the flate. Conflitution.

By the conflitution of this flate, formed and adopted in 1792 the

powers of government are divided into three diflinct departments; legiflative, executive and judiciary. The legiflative power is velted in a General Affembly, confiiting of a Senate and House of Reprefentatives; "the fupreme executive in a governor; the judiciary, in the fupreme court of appeals, and fuch inferior courts as the legiflature may effablifh. The reprefentatives are chofen annually by the people; the fenators and governor are chofen for four years, by electors appointed for that purpofe; the judges are appointed dur ing good behaviour, by the governor, with advice of the Senate.

The declaration of rights afferts the civil equality of all; their right to alter the government at any time; liberty of confcience; freedom of elec tions, and of the prefs: trial by jury; the fubordination of the military to the civil power; the rights of criminals to be heard in their own-defence; the right of the people to petition for the redrefs of grievances, to bear arms, and to emigrate from the S.ate. It prohibits unreatorable fearches and fei zures; exceffive bail, confinement of debtors, unless there be prefumption of fraud; fufpenfion of habeas corpus writ, unless in rebellion or invafion ; ex poft facto laws; attainder by the legiflature; flauding armies ; titles of nobility and hereditary diftinétion.

Commerce, Manufactures, Improvements, &c.

THOSE acquainted with America know the Miiff Eppi an! Ohio

rivers to be the key to the Northern parts of the Southern continent. Thefe are the principal channels through which that extenfive region, bathed by their waters, enriched by the many ftreams they receive, communica.e with the fea, and may truly be confidered as the great paffage made by the hand of Nature for a variety of valuable purpofes, and principally to promote the happiness and benefit of mankind; among which, the conveyance of the produce of that immenfe and fertile country lying wellward of the United States is not the leaft.

In this ftate we find all the variety of foil and climate neceffary to the culture of every kind of grain fibrous plants, cotton, fruits, vegetables, and ali forts of provifions. The fugar maple trees are here in abundance. The Country alfo produces all the pot herbs which are common in Europe: Several kinds of nuts grow in the forells. The mountains abound in deer, wild turkies, a fpecies of groufe, and in alinoft every other kind of wild fowl.

Linnen and woollen cloths, leather, and hats, for home confumption, are manufactured with confiderable fuccefs. Black fmiths work of all forts, even to making fire arms, is done here; as is alfo cabinet work, wheel wright,

mill wright, houfe carpentry, joinery, fhormaking, &c. in fhort, all the trades, immediately necellary to the promotion of the comforts of new fettlements, are to be found here.

The activity of the fettlers in those fertile regions will in procefs of time encrease their commerce, and commerce in its turn encrease the cultivation. They will pafs through the Miffippt to the fea-up the Ohio. Mononga hela and Cheat rivers, by a fmail portage. into the Potomack, which brings them to the Federal city on the line of Virginia and Maryland. 1 brough the lakes to New-York and Quebec-froin the Northern Lakes to the head branches of the rivers which runs into Hudfon's Bay into the Arctic regions— and from the fources of the Missouri into the Great South Sea.

Thus in the center of the earth, governing by the laws of reafon and humanity, this country feems to be calculated to become the emporium of the world.

CHA P. XXI.

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Situation, Extent and Boundaries.

THIS State is fituated between 35° 50′, and 36° 30′ north lati

titude, and 1° and 6° 30' well-longitude from Philadelphia. Its length is about three hundred miles, and its breadth one hundred and twenty; it therefore contains about thirty-four thousand fquare miles. It is bounded on the north, by Virginia; on the eaft, by the Atlantic ocean; on the fouth, by South-Carolina and Georgia; and on the weft. by a chain of mountains a few miles to the wellward of the Great Appalachian mountains. This chain of mountains, taking the whole for a part. has occafionally been called the Great Iron mountain. All that vafl country which lies on the weft of the Iron mountain, was furrendered to the United States by the State of NorthCarolina in the year 1780. It has fince been erected into a feparate government, commonly called the Territory South of Ohio, or the Tenneffee go

vernment.

This flate is divided into eight diftrifts which are fubdivided into fifty-four counties, as follows:

DISTRICT OF EDENTON.

Chowan, Currituck, Camden, Pafquotank, Perquimons, Gates, Hertford, Bertie, Tyrrel.

DISTRICT OF WILMINGTON.

New Hanover, Brunfwick, Duplin, Balden, Onflow.

DISTRICT OF NEWBERN.

Craven, Beaufort, Carteret. Johnfon, Pitt, Dobbs, Wayne, Hyde, Jones, These three districts are on the fea-coaft, extending from the Virginia line fouthward, to South-Carolina.