APPENDIX. WOODS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Abies alba, or white spruce; weighs 23 lbs. 13 oz. per cubic foot; specific gravity, .381. 2. Abies canadensis, or hemlock-spruce; common in Upper Canada; weighs 23 lbs. 0 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .368. 3. Acer eriocarpum, or soft maple; common in Upper Canada; weighs 36 lbs. 14 oz., and has a specific gravity of .590. All the above are used in carpentry. 4. Acer negrundo, or box-elder, ash-leaved maple; common in the United States; weighs 24 lbs. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .384. 5. Acer rubrum, or red maple; common in the United States; weighs 38 lbs. 5 oz. per cubic foot-has a specific gravity of .613. 6. Ascer saccharinum, or sugar mable; common in the United States; weighs 38 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .614. 7. Ascer saccharinum, or bird's-eye maple; common in Upper Canada; used in ornamental work by carpenters and joiners; weighs 40 lbs. 15 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .655. 8. Curly maple; common in Upper Canada; used in common carpentry work; has a specific gravity of .586, and weighs 36 lbs. 10 oz. per cubic foot. 9. Hard maple; also common in Upper Canada; weighs 39 lbs. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .634. 10. Betula nigra, or black birch; common in Upper Canada; is much used for ship-building in Canada and Nova Scotia, but is not a durable wood; it weighs 35 lbs. 7 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .567. 11. Birch; an inferior wood-common in Canada and the Northern States; weighs 30 lbs. 11 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .491. 12. Butter wood; used in ship-building; has a specific gravity of .460, and weighs 28 lbs. 12 oz. per cubic foot. 13. Carya porcina, or pignut hickory; common in the United States; is the strongest and best kind of hickory; it weighs 49 lbs. 8 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .690. 14. Carya sulcata, or shell-bark hickory; common in the United States; weighs 43 lbs. 2 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .690. 15. Hickory; common in the United States; weighs 47 lbs. 8 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .760. 16. Castanea vesca, or chesnut; common in the United States; has a specific gravity of .404, and weighs 25 lbs. 4 oz. per cubic foot. 17. Celtis crassifolia, or hack berry; is a tough and elastic wood, weighing 38 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .614. 18. Cerasus virginiana, or wild cherry; common in the United States; the bark is used medicinally; has a specific gravity of .515, and weighs 32 lbs. 3 oz. per cubic foot. 19. Cerasus canadensis, or red bud, Judas tree; a close-grained and compact wood, having a specific gravity of .535, and weighs 33 lbs. 7 oz. per cubic foot. 20. Cornus florida, or dog-wood; a hard, close-grained, and strong wood, weighing 47 lbs. 4 oz. per cubic foot, and having a specific gravity of .756. 21. Cupressus disticha, or cypress; common in the United States; grows to an immense size; is much used for shingles; weighs 22 lbs. 13 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .365. 22. Diospyrus virginiana, or persimon; a hard, close-grained wood; weighs 44 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .710. 23. Fagus americana, or white beach; common in the United States; is used in dry carpentry; weighs 42 lbs. 11 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .674. 24. Fagus ferruginea, or beech; common in Upper Canada, used in dry carpentry; the wood has a more rufous tint of color than common beech; it weighs 36 lbs. 9 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .585. 25. Fraxinus americanus, or American ash; weighs 35 lbs 10 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .570;—is tough, and elastic. 26. White ash; weighs 30 lbs. 14 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .494. 27. Gleditschia triacanthus, or honey locust is a very hard wood and splits easily, having a specific gravity of .646, and weighing 40 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot. 28. Gymnocladus canadensis, or coffee tree; is a hard, compact, strong, and tough wood, having a specific gravity of .647, and weighing 40 lbs. 7 oz. per cubic foot. 29. Juglans alba, or hickory; has a specific gravity of .770, and weighs 48 lbs. 2 oz. per cubic foot. 30. Juglans cinerea, or butternut; has a specific gravity of from .376 to .487, and weighs from 22 to 30 lbs. per cubic foot. 31. White walnut. 32. Juglans nigra, or black walnut; weighs 28 lbs. 15 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity, of .483 It is a strong and tough wood, not liable to split, and is much used in carpentry work. 33. Juniperus bermudiana, or red or pencil cedar; is used in ship-building and for making pencils. 34. The Virginia cedar is used for the same purpose, but is not considered as good as that from Bermuda. 35. Larix americana, or hackmatack; much used and esteemed in British North America for ship-building; has a specific gravity of about .600, and weighs about 36 lbs. per cubic foot. 36. The tamarack is a wood much used for ship-building in British North America; it has a specific gravity of .383, and weigh 23 lbs. 15 oz. per cubic foot. 37. Cedar. The samples at the World's Fair had a specific gravity of from .294 to .314, and weighed from 18 lbs. 6 oz. to 19 lbs. 10 oz. per cubic foot. 38. Liriodenron tulipifera, or yellow poplar; is common in the United States; has a specific gravity .287, and weighs 24 lbs. 8 oz. per cubic foot. 39. Morus rubra, or red mulberry; weighs 35 lbs. 1 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .561. 40. Nyssa Multiflora, or black gum, or sour gum; weighs 40 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .646. 41. Ostrya virginica, or iron wood; weighs 48 lbs. 11 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .779. 42. Picea balsamea, or balsam; is used in carpentry; has a specific gravity of .304, and weighs 19 lbs. per cubic foot. 43. Pinus mitis, or yellow pine; has a specific gravity of .376, and weighs 23 lbs. 8 oz. per cubic foot. 44. Pinus resinosa, or American red pine; is used in carpentry ; weighs 26 lbs. 11 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .427. 45. Red Pine; is a strong wood used in carpentry; has a specific gravity of .455, and weighs 28 lbs. 7 oz. per cubic foot. 46. Pinus rigida, or pitch pine; is a strong wood, weighing 32 lbs. per cubic foot, and having a specific gravity of .512. 47. Platanus occidentalis, or button-wood, or sycamore; is much used for making beadsteads; has a specific gravity of .424, and weighs 26 lbs. 8 oz. per cubic foot. 48. Populus, or poplar; is a light, inferior wood. 49. Cherry wood; weighs 29 lbs. 15 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .479. 50. Quebec oak; is much used for ship building, but is not dur. able. 51. Quercus alba, or white oak; weighs 40 lbs. per cubic foot. and has a specific gravity of .64. 52 Quercus rubra, or red oak; weighs 32 lbs. 2 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .514. 53. Quercus tinctoria, or black oak; weighs 34 lbs. 13 oz., and has a specific gravity of .558. 54. Quercus virens, or live oak; is the heaviest and hardest of the oaks; has a specific gravity of .100, and weighs 56 lbs. 4 oz. per cubic foot. 55. Robinia pseud acacia, or locust, or treenail; so called because used principally for treenails. 56. Sassafras officinale, or sassafras tree. 57. Tilia americana, or bass-wood; is even in grain, weighs 25 lbs. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .400. 58. Ulmus americana, or elm; weighs 36 lbs. 11 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .587. 59. Red elm-used by wheelwrights. 60. White elm. 61. Rock elm. 62. Swamp elm. These elms are all quite similar. 63. Quebec rock elm, or wych hazel; used in ship-building in Canada; has a specific gravity of .546, and weighs 34 lbs. 2 oz. per cubic foot. 22 64. Uvaria triloba, or paw paw; weighs 51 lbs. 6 oz. per cubic foot, and has a specific gravity of .359. STONE. 13 cubic feet of marble weigh 1 ton. 221631 |