erected on the site (see Hon. Grantley T. Berkeley, 'Life,' &c., vol. i. p. 78, &c.). Cox's Museum appears to have stood on the site of No. 13, Spring Gardens, a house built by Mr. Decimus Burton for his residence, adjoining the Council's offices to the northward, and now in the Council's occupation. JOHN HEBB.

Canonbury Mansions, N.

"KING OF BANTAM" (9th S. iv. 419, 488, 526). --I should like to make an addition to my note. In reference to Congreve's 'Present Majesty of Bantam,' there is a tale by Aphra Behn, called 'The Court of the King of BanIn it a rich noodle, Mr. Would-be, believes himself the King of Bantam, and is duped thereupon in true Restoration fashion. If MR. PERCY SIMPSON will refer, he will find that Congreve very clearly had Mrs. Behn's tale in his mind.

tam.'

GEORGE MARSHALL.

GROLIER BINDINGS (9th S. iv. 518).-The painted bindings are probably of a later date than the others. Mr. Herbert P. Horne, The Binding of Books,' p. 89, dates this style of work as belonging to the middle of the sixteenth century. One may possibly put a similar interpretation upon the sentence referring to Grolier, at vol. iv. p. 41, of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica,' which reads, "Some of his later covers were resplendent with gold and coloured ornament, most elaborately tooled." This, however, is so general in its reference that it is scarcely evidence. The sequence of usage of the different mottoes is some help. It is most likely that the "amicorum motto, previously used by Maioli, came first (Quarterly Review, July, 1893, p. 189). The motto "Eque difficulter," with the cloud, nail, and hillock design, came next (Bookbindings Ancient and Modern,' Joseph Cundall, p. 34); and afterwards the "Portio mea Do mine sit in terra vi venti | um legend. There were others occasionally used. See The Binding of Books,' supra, p. 78. An article in the Saturday Review for 30 Dec., |

1882, noticing the Beckford sale, second part, indicates that the "painted interstices" and the "scrolled tooling" were used with the "Portio mea" motto. On the whole it would seem that the painted bindings were, at any rate, of the middle, if not of the later, period. ARTHUR MAYALL.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

4 Life of William Shakespeare. By Sidney Lee. (Smith, Elder & Co.) WITH a celerity all but unparalleled, and with an Lee's Life of Shakespeare' has established itself absence all but complete of serious opposition, Mr. in supreme authority. A year or two ago it was but a solitary article-although naturally the longest and most important in that great work, now on the point of completion, the 'Dictionary of National Biography.' A few months later it appeared in the convenient shape in which it will still be most read, obtainable upon our early stage and upon Shakeand now, with illustrations that throw all the light speare's associates and friends, it comes forth in an illustrated library edition, fitted to grace the handsomest and best-furnished shelves. So far as regards the text, Mr. Lee's scholarly and monumental work has undergone little alteration. Such errors and misprints as have been detected have been corrected; the remarks on Shakespeare's autographs tion is now given in the bibliography of the Siband handwriting have been expanded; a descripthorp first folio, recently brought to light, with its presentation from William Jaggard, the printer, to his friend and ally Augustine Vincent, the herald; and further details have been supplied concerning certain of Shakespeare's printers and publishers. None of these things affects, however, the original scheme of the work, nor has Mr. Lee, though some of his opinions have elicited, as was ment, felt called upon to modify any of his more but natural, expressions of dissent and disagreeimportant conclusions, and the book is practically the same that we reviewed little more than a twelvemonth ago (see 9th S. ii. 458).

As a work of reference, and as a handsome and

desirable volume, the work in its new shape gains greatly. Its beautiful cover, as a note inserted informs us, is taken from a fine binding of English workmanship of the sixteenth century in the British Museum, originally executed for Robert Dudley, the famous, or infamous, Earl of Leicester, Shakespeare's crest, in its proper heraldic colours, being substituted for that of the earl. The frontispiece consists of the monument affixed to the north wall of the chancel of Stratford-on-Avon Church, which is given in the colours believed to have constituted its original adornment. Four other likenesses are the engraved portrait on the title of the first folio, reproduced the Droeshout (or " Flower") portrait, the Ely House portrait, and the seventeenthcentury bust in the Garrick Club. Then follow portraits-all carefully selected by the author, with a view of facilitating the study of the poet's lifeand anonymous picture of Queen Elizabeth, from of Shakespeare's closest acquaintances; the quaint the painting at Ditchley; the Earl of Southampton, from an original painting at Welbeck; Burbage,

Alleyn, Drayton, and Field, from the Dulwich Gallery; Samuel Daniel, from the likeness prefixed to his Civile Warres'; Spenser, from a portrait at Dupplin Castle; James I., from Paul van Somer; Fletcher, from the 1647 edition of his and Beaumont's' Works,' and so forth. Of singular use to the student are the views of Shakespearian London, presenting the Bankside, with views of the Globe and the Swan theatres and the Bear Garden. These are taken from Visscher's View of London,' executed in 1616. With these may be classed the recently discovered sketch of the stage of a London theatre made by a Dutch visitor to London in 1596, now in the University Library at Utrecht; the interior of a London playhouse, from the title-page of Roxana'; Norden's View of London Bridge from East to West in 1597,' and innumerable further illustrations of a similar kind. Most important sections are the reproductions of title-pages to Shakespeare's works, the facsimiles of autographs, signatures, seals to documents, and other like matters. It will convey an idea of the number and variety of the illustrations supplied when we say that the mere list occupies eight pages. Thus equipped, Mr. Lee's book will take up its position as the standard authority upon the greatest of Englishmen. On its literary claims we have previously insisted. If we have dwelt upon the illustrations it is because they do not serve a purely decorative purpose. Whatever information we possess as to the state of London and the stage in Shakespeare's times is incorporated in the volume. That Mr. Lee will, as further editions are called for, strive lovingly to augment the value and attractions of his work we doubt not. As it stands, however, though it will not replace, for the student, all previous or contemporary works, it will at least enable him to dispense with a library of reference, and leave no trustworthy or important information concerning Shakespeare ungarnered.

The Students' Standard Dictionary. By James C. Fernald and others. (Funk & Wagnalls Co.) WE recently reviewed an 'Intermediate-School Dictionary' founded on the well-known Funk & Wagnalls dictionary. This volume is similar in origin and appearance, only larger, running to some nine hundred pages, and, it must be added, uncomfortably heavy to hold. It is meant for "the English-speaking peoples," and therefore it seems a pity that it is distinctly American in tone and phraseology. The vocabulary is, however, more extensive than that of the ordinary English dictionary of the same size. It is strong in words like breakman, which are hardly English; on the other hand, a word like camisole is omitted-perhaps because not American. It is very unsafe to meddle with English university matters without securing expert knowledge. The term Senior Wrangler is current-not obsolete, as these pages represent; and if this special title is included, why is not tripos inserted, which has a much wider application? The "Standard Script" handwriting, of which specimens are given on p. 823, is a really sensible thing, and the appendices are useful, though the list of distinguished persons occasionally donne furieusement à penser. We notice that the big 'Standard Dictionary' includes English editors, and suggest that in condensations or revisions their services should be not merely to ornament the title-page. Let them make the English usage as prominent as the American, or, at any

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WAR subjects take up the lion's share in the reviews as in the newspapers and in general conversation. Room is, however, found in the Fortnightly for a few articles on literary and social Prof. Lewis Campbell writes On the topics. Growth of Tragedy in Shakespeare.' There are many points raised on which we should like to join issue with the Professor, but the article is thoughtful and suggestive, and is sure to be carefully Mrs. Hannah studied in Shakespearian circles. Lynch deals trenchantly with Zola and Tolstoi in Fécondité" versus "The Kreutzer Sonata." In Zola's book, which we ourselves began and were unable to continue, she finds the unexpected revelation of a freshness and an animal simplicity, a sunshine and gaiety," which are welcomed as something new in his works. Severe reprobation is bestowed upon both authors, though Tolstoi is credited with supreme genius. Of the wealthy bourgeois of M. Zola it is said that if the obscene apes were endowed with the gift of speech they could scarcely make a more obscene use of it than do these people. There is, alas! much truth in this arraignment. Mr. J. C. Bailey writes very eulogistically concerning Stevenson's Letters,' and quotes some delightful passages, including the charming letter in which Stevenson makes over his birthday to Miss Annie H. Ide, who, being born on Christmas Day, was practically without a birthday. Few more entertaining and graceful pieces of humour are in existence. Mr. Frazer's

Suggestion as to the Origin of Gender in Language' is ingenious, if not wholly convincing, which, indeed, it does not pretend to be. Dr. St. George Mivart's 'Some Recent Catholic Apologists' will scarcely commend itself, we fancy, to the authorities who have placed some of his works in the Index.' Prof. Sully contributes an essay on Philosophy and Modern Culture,' which was first delivered as a lecture at University College, London. 'Paths of Glory,' by Mr. Joseph Jacobs, deals with the kind of work that gets people into 'Who's Who,'' Men of the Time,' and the Dictionary of National Biography.' It is readable and entertaining.-The first five papers in the Nineteenth Century are on the war, and two or even three others are on subjects more or less closely connected with it. matter with which we can deal is 'Shakespeare and

In the

the Modern Stage,' by Sidney Lee. The chief aim of the contribution is to protest against the idea that Shakespeare in representation is to be sacrificed to pageantry. Lovers of Shakespeare should urge simplicity in the production of his plays. The instance is advanced of the splendid series of revivals undertaken by Phelps and Greenwood at Sadler's Wells. If modern managers would be content with scenic accessories that are adequate and illuminatory instead of burdensome, they might give three or four plays where now they give one. No one is better entitled to be heard than Mr. Lee, and it is to be hoped that the seed he sows will not fall on desert ground. Under the title, which we scarcely like, of 'The Prince of Journalists,' Mr. Herbert Paul has an excellent article on Swift, with most of the conclusions of which we agree. In common, however, with most modern writers, Mr. Paul overpraises the style of Swift, which, admirable as it is in lucidity-perhaps the best of gifts-and in simplicity, has "the defects of its qualities," and is open to attack. This, we know, is an unpopular view. With the remaining praise and the general estimate of Swift we concur, and we recall no modern apophthegm so exquisite as Swift's "The reason why so few marriages are happy is because young ladies spend their time in making nets, not in making cages." Supposing the curious ghost-story of Nathaniel Hawthorne to be, as it professes to be, true, that admirable writer was the most unutterable donkey that ever drew breath. Mr. J. Cuthbert Hadden has a valuable paper on The Tinkering of Hymns. We agree with every word that he says in condemnation of such processes, but think that in most cases he is far too indulgent. In this review, also, Dr. St. George Mivart is issuing a challenge to the Roman Catholic Church, the result of which we want to see. The Jews in France,' The Common Mule,' Climate and Atmosphere,' and 'Can Sentences be Standardized?' are all worth reading.The frontispiece to the Pall Mall is a fine reproduction of Holbein's Anne of Cleves,' the illustrations generally being of high merit. Mr. William Archer concludes his account of The American Stage,' which is regarded in a favourable light. A good description is furnished of the younger American dramatists, with whom we are beginning to form an acquaintance. In the second part of 'Lotteries, Luck, Chance, and Gambling Systems' Mr. J. Holt Schooling establishes to his own satisfaction that there is such a thing as luck. On the whole, though we pretend to no special knowledge, his statistics impress us less favourably than do his reproductions of the quaint designs of our ancestors intended to beguile people into the purchase of lottery tickets. Morocco, the Imperial City,' by Mr. F. G. Aflalo, tells us little that is new, but has some capital sketches of spots of interest. Military Heroes at Westminster,' by Mr. Murray Smith, of which the first part appears, appeals strongly to us at the present moment.Elizabethan London,' by the Bishop of London, with which the new volume of the Cornhill begins, is a lecture delivered a couple of months ago at the Queen's Hall before the London Reform Union. It gives many particulars with which the average student of past London is likely to be unfamiliar, and draws together many proofs of the mistrust with which Londoners regarded foreigners. Lady Broome's Natal Memories' have painful interest

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when read by the light of to-day. Urbanus Sylvan deals whimsically, but flippantly with Dr. Dowden, Dr. Gosse, and other modern critics or writers. One is surprised to find him speaking of the 1671 edition of Paradise Regained' and Sanison Agonistes' as a "large and well-printed octavo." Mr. Stephen Gwynn gives a study of Sir Charles Napier. There are some amusing Humours of Irish Life,' and an unappetizing account of A Boer Interior.'-'The Poetry of Windmills,' which appears in Temple Bar, expresses sentiments we have often felt. Next to a ship a windmill is to us one of the most fascinating of human inventions. The author holds that "it is sacrilege to approach them too nearly." She holds that Cervantes saw aright when Don Quixote entered into conflict with them as giants. On the Banks of the Dove' is a fantasy concerning Walton and Cotton. 'A Calculating Philosopher" deals with Babbage, the sanguine inventor of the calculating machine, and next to John Leech the most distinguished victim of street noises. Sir Anthony Van Dyck' may be read with pleasure. Much of the fiction is excellent.-Not much of a dilemma to a collector is that in which in the Gentleman's the hero of A Bookman's Dilemma' finds himself. It is, however, amusing to hear of a Kilmarnock Burns and a first Walton's Angler' being sold all but uncatalogued in a country sale. Mr. Walters describes French London in 1793,' the London of priestly and aristocratic_refugees. Miss Lily Wolffsohn depicts Low Life in Naples as Pictured by Neapolitans,' and Mr. Percy Fitzgerald describes a residence of two days in Walcheren Island.-In Longman's Mr. Lang, 'At the Sign of the Ship,' expresses a not too favourable estimate of the Man in the Street," and gives an amusing account of his sufferings from notoriety hunters. H. G. Hutchinson, in A First Essay in Dreams,' speaks of flying as a common experience in dreaming. Our own observation is that it is not flying of which we dream, but a sort of levitation, with sometimes a consciousness of danger. 'Kauri Gum' and 'Summer in the Forest' are both readable.

Notices to Correspondents.

Mr.

notices:We must call special attention to the following

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

THOMSON SHARP ("The mill can never_grind with the water that is past ").-See 8th S. iii. 116.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher". at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.