'Strandentwining Cable': Joyce, Flaubert, and Intertextuality

'Strandentwining Cable' explores the works of two of the most admired and mythologized masters of nineteenth- and twentieth-century prose: Gustave Flaubert (1822-1880) and James Joyce (1882-1941). This book is a study of their literary relationship. In six chronologically ordered chapters it carries out a detailed intertextual analysis of Joyce's engagement with Flaubert over the entire course of his writing career. In doing so it delineates the contours and uncovers the effects of one of the most crucially formative artistic relationships of Joyce's life. Travelling through Flaubert's native Normandy in 1925, on a holiday trip which bears all the appearances of a pilgrimage journey, Joyce acknowledged to himself - in a private notebook devoted to the preparation of Finnegans Wake - that 'Gustave Flaubert can rest having made me.' The book identifies and interprets the traces of Joyce's responses to Flaubert from his early work through Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Exiles, Ulysses, and Finnegans Wake. Drawing on extensive bibliographical, archival, and manuscript evidence, it sheds light on the timing and circumstances of Joyce's reading of such Flaubertian masterpieces as Madame Bovary and L'Education sentimentale , as well as of lesser known works such as Salammbô, La Tentation de saint Antoine, Trois Contes, Bouvard et Pécuchet, and the Dictionnaire des Idées Reçues. Examining letters, notebooks, drafts, and published texts, it shows that in all his creative endeavours Joyce uses Flaubert's writing to think through the dynamics and implications of any text's inevitable relations to other texts, and argues that these reflections helped crystallize his own sense of literature as a dense intertextual web of 'strandentwining cables'. Ultimately, this study contends that the ever more radical and self-conscious nature of the citational methods Joyce adopted and adapted from Flaubert paved the way for the emergence of intertextual theory in the 1960s.