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is they largely get adulterations, with which any vineyard has but slight connection, and as a return for their parsimony, the imbibants suffer from disordered stomachs and splitting headaches.

Looking on the map again one will see forming the east boundary of the bay a strip of land about three miles long and a quarter of a mile wide, terminating in a point, called Cedar Point, on or near which is a lighthouse. In the summer season a steamer, the "R. B. HAYES," continually passes to and from the city, carrying parties thither for picnics in the groves and bathing. The beach there on the lake side is safe and beautiful for bathing, and so expansive the view that one standing there is affected by the same emotion as if gazing upon the ocean.

Johnson's Island, at the mouth of the harbor, is in plain sight from the dock at Sandusky. It will always be an object of interest to travellers as the spot where the officers of the Confederate army were confined. Mr. Leonard Johnson, son of the owner of the island, has given me some interesting items. He was then a boy of about eight years, and often went into the prison with his elder brother.

The prisoners were always glad to see children, welcomed, and petted them. For amusement they had athletic games and theatricals. In summer, he told me, they were allowed to bathe in the lake, about 100 at a time, under guard. One of their amusements was whittling and carving finger-rings, watch-charms, etc., from gutta-percha buttons, their work being sometimes very ingenious and beautiful.

The guard were principally men recruited for this purpose in the lake neighborhood, and many had their families on the island.

Two men were drummed off the islandone for stealing blankets, and the other a teamster, for an offence of a different character. The latter had a placard in front and one in the rear proclaiming his malfeasance thus:

I SOLD WHISKEY TO THE REBELS.

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His hands were tied behind, and he was marched in the middle of a squad of soldiers, with their bayonets pointed toward him, those in front having their guns reversed. the music of drums and fifes he was conducted to the boat, thence through the streets of Sandusky to the depot. It was an occasion of great fun and frolic, and the derisive shouts of the following crowd added to the mortification of the teamster, who was employed to cart away offal, but Sold whiskey to the rebels.'

Prominent among the public men in Sandusky at the time of my original visit was

ELEUTHEROS COOKE, born in Granville, N. Y., in 1787, died in Sandusky in 1864: a large, fine-looking, enthusiastic gentleman, social, pleasing to meet, and universally respected. He was by profession a lawyer, was in the State Legislature and in Congress, and a pioneer in railroad enterprises, having been the projector of the Mad River railroad. He had a wonderful command of language. was an orator very flowery and imaginative, and indulged largely in poetical similes. On an occasion in Congress, when Mr. Stanberry, of Ohio, was assaulted on Pennsylvania avenue by Felix Houston, of Texas, for words spoken in debate, he declared, in a speech, that if freedom of discussion was denied them he would flee to the bosom of his constituents," an expression that his political opponents ran the changes upon for a long time after.

He could talk for hours upon any given topic, and on an occasion when it was neces sary to get a new writ from Norwalk to detain for debt an arrested steamboat man with his vessel, he talked to the court sixteen hours continuously to stave off a decision upon the defective writ by which he was held. In order to illustrate the legal question before the court, he had gone into a review of the history of the human race, and got from the Creation down to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus when the necessary papers arrived; then he stopped the harangue, allowed the old writ to be squelched, the new writ was then served, when the defendant pail his debt, and sailed away in his steamer.

Mr. Cooke had one trouble-it was lifelong-stuck to him closer than a brother. It was in his name, Eleutheros. He was born in 1787, the year of the framing of the Federal Constitution, and the name was given in commemoration it was from a Greek term signifying to set free. It showed his parents must have been fanciful and so he got his name alike with poetical tendencies from them. But the name liked to have been his ruin, that is political ruin. He lost one election by its misspelling, more particularly by the German voters. They spelt it in various ways, taking with it most unwarrantable liberties-spelling it "Luther," "Lutheros," "Eilutheros." "Eilros," etc. When he had boys of his own, taking warning from experience, he started them with names after great statesmen. The first was Pitt Cooke, the second was Jay Cooke, and the third was to have been, perhaps, Fox Cooke, or something like it, when the mother rebelled and the child was given the good old-fashioned name of Henry D. Cooke. Pitt died at fifty; he was a partner with his brothers in the banking business. Henry D. became an eminent journalist, had an interesting and valuable life; was the first Governor of the District of Columbia, appointed by Grat, and died in 1881. The history of Jay Cooke, the great financier of our civil war, is dwelt upon under the head of Ottawa county, where lies Gibraltar, his beautiful summer island home in the lake, where he entertains his friends with abounding hos

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DEPOT OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS, JOHNSON'S ISLAND, SANDUSKY BAY.

[Like all prisoners held under the American Flag, those at Johnson's Island were given comfortable quarters and good food, with occasional bathing in the lake; but being mostly officers, the gentlemen of the Confederate Army, they made no complaint because not allowed fishing privileges therein.]

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pitality and recreates with much fishing in prolific waters.

In my original visit to Sandusky there was also residing here EBENEZER LANE, whose acquaintance I had the privilege of making. He was among the most eminent legal men of Ohio of that day: profound in scholarship and frank and cordial in his ways. In five minutes I felt as though we had been lifelong friends. His brothers in the profession idolized him. He was born in Northampton in 1793, graduated at Harvard in 1811, studied law under his uncle, Matthew Griswold, of Lyme, Conn.; early came to Ohio, was soon judge of Common Pleas, and from 1843 until 1845 judge of the Supreme Court, when he retired from the bench to give his attention to the railroad development of this region.

Sandusky never dreamed but what she would be the terminus of the Ohio canal. It was the shortest and direct distance across the State from the mouth of the Scioto on the Ohio to the lake, and its harbor expansive and safe. Instead of that, mainly through the efforts of Alfred Kelly, who then resided there and was one of the canal commissioners, Cleveland was made its terminus; thus increasing the distance by a winding tortuous course of perhaps thirty or more miles, yet bringing the canal nearer the big wheat fields and coal beds, and accommodating a larger farming population, a more densely settled older country.

The canal was a prime factor in making

Cleveland the great lake city of the State. The people of Sandusky, felt keenly its loss as a cruel wrong, and with the hope of retrieving the disaster started the earliest in railroad construction; so Judge Lane, prompted by public spirit, left the bench to exert his powers in that direction, in the course of which he became President of the Lake Erie and Mad River Railroad, a link in the first continuous railroad line across the State.

Cleveland was also on the alert in railroad construction, but a little behind Sandusky, and tapping the great coal-fields of southeastern Ohio and bringing down the iron of Lake Superior got a power for the lead that was irresistible. The diversion of Judge Lane from his profession was a loss to his fame, as otherwise his reputation would have become national, from his unquestionably great powers.

On the publication of my original edition, I got four of those whom I regarded as the most influential men of the Ohio of that day to unite in a joint recommendation, two Democrats and two Whigs. Those four were Samuel Medary, of Columbus, editor of the Ohio Statesman, called the "Old Wheel Horse of the Democracy," Governor Reuben Wood, of Cleveland, the "Tall Chief of the Cuyahogas," Thomas Corwin, of Lebanon, "The Wagon Boy," and Ebenezer Lane, of Sandusky, and there I rested, fortified as the book Wheel Horse,' was by a a Cuyahoga Chief, a "Wagon Boy," and a "Judge.'

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MILAN IN 1846.-Twelve miles from Sandusky City, and eight from Lake Erie is the flourishing town of Milan, in the township of the same name. stands upon a commanding bluff on the bank of Huron river. The engraving on next page shows its appearance from a hill near the road to Sandusky City, and a few rods back of Kneeland Townsend's old distillery building, which appears in front. In the middle ground is shown the Huron river and the canal; on the right the bridge across the river; on the hill, part of the town appears, with the tower of the Methodist and spire of the Presbyterian church. Population about 100.— Old Edition.

Milan is 8 miles south of Lake Erie, on the Huron river, 55 miles west of Cleveland, on the line of the N. & H. and N. Y. St. L. and C. Railroads. It was before the days of railroads a great grain depot, the grain product of several neighboring counties being brought in wagons here for shipment by river and canal. Some of the wagons had in them loads of a hundred bushels of grain and were drawn by four or six horses. Six hundred wagons have arrived in a day. As many as twenty sail vessels have been loaded in a single day, and 35,000 bushels of grain put on board.

Newspapers: Advertiser, Wickham & Gibbs, publishers. Churches: 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Catholic. Bank: Milan Benking Company, James C. Lockwood, president; L. L. Stoddard, cashier. Industries: 2 flouring mills, 1 tile factory, 1 spoke factory, and Stoakes' Automatic Pen Factory.

The Western Reserve Normal School, 75 pupils, B. B. Hall, principal, is located here.

Population in 1880, 797. School census in 1886, 225; John R. Sherman, superintendent.

Appended is a historical and descriptive sketch of the village and township given to the old edition by Rev. E. Judson, of Milan.

On the spot where the town of Milan now stands, there was, at the time of the survey of the fire-lands, in 1807, an Indian village, containing within it a Christian community, under the superintendence of Rev. Christian Frederic Dencké, a Moravian missionary. The Indian name of the town was Petquotting. The mission was established here in 1804. Mr. Dencké brought with him several families of Christian Indians, from the vicinity of the Thames river, in Upper Canada. They had a chapel and a mission house, and were making good progress in the cultivation of Christian principles, when the commencement of the white settlements induced them,

in 1809, to emigrate with their missionary to Canada. There was a Moravian mission attempted as early as 1787. A considerable party of Christian Indians had been driven from their settlement at Gnadenhutten, on the Tuscarawas river, by the inhuman butchery of a large number of the inhabitants by the white settlers. After years of wandering. with Zeisberger for their spiritual guide, they at length formed a home on the banks of the Cuyahoga river, near Cleveland, which they named Pilgerrul ("Pilgrim's rest.") They were soon driven from this post, whence they came to the Huron, and commenced a settlement on its east bank, and near the north

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line of the township. To this village they gave the name of New Salem. Here the labors of their indefatigable missionary were crowned with very considerable success. They were soon compelled to leave, however, by the persecutions of the pagan Indians. It seems to have been a portion of these exiles who returned, in 1804, to commence the new mission.

The ground on both sides of the Huron river, through the entire length of the township, is distinctly marked at short intervals by the remains of a former race. Mounds and enclosures, both circular and angular, some of which have strongly marked features, occur at different points along the river.

The land in the township of Milan was brought into market in 1808. In the summer of the following year David Abbott purchased 1800 acres, in the northeast section of the township, and lying on both sides of the Huron, for the purpose of commencing a settlement. He removed here with his family in 1810. Jared Ward purchased a part of Mr. Abbott's tract, and removed here in 1809. He was the first "actual white settler," who had an interest in the soil. The progress of the settlement was at first rapid. When hostilities with Great Britain commenced, in 1812, there were within

the township twenty-three families and about forty persons capable of bearing arms. The progress of the settlement was interrupted by the war, and few or no emigrants arrived between 1812 and 1816. This interruption was not the only evil experienced by the inhabitants. The British, in the early part of the war, commanded Lake Erie, and could at any moment make a descent upon the place. Many of the Indians were hostile, and were supposed to be instigated to acts of cruelty by the willingness of the British commander at Fort Malden to purchase the scalps of American citizens. Occasional outrages were perpetrated; houses were burned, and in a few instances individuals were murdered in cold blood, while others were taken prisoners. Near the southwestern corner of the township, at a place known as the Parker farmfrom its having been first purchased and occupied by Charles Parker-there was a block-house, used as a place of resort during the war. A military guard was kept here. Two young men, apprehensive of no immediate danger, on a pleasant morning in the fall of 1812, left the block-house and wandered to the distance of a mile for the purpose of collecting honey from a "bee-tree." While in the act of cutting down the tree they were surprised by the Indians, who, it

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