4 of the Gentiles, added his own library which he left to Harvard college. Thus was the academy furnished with mathematical inftruments, and books of all forts, and fupplied with the beft of mafters. Dunftar, who was the first prefident, loft his place by turning Anabaptift, and Mr Charles Chancey was appointed in his stead. Both the manner of admission and the method of teaching in this college were very exact and particular. Those who had attended a grammar fchool till they taire themselves in any voyage thither or from thence, or that shall at any time hereafter inhabite within the precincts and parts of New-England aforefaid, according to the orders, laws, ordinances, inftructions and directions aforefaid, not being repugnant to the laws and ftatutes of our realme of England as aforefaid. And we do further, for us our heires and fucceffors, give and grant to the faid Governour and Companie and their fucceffors, by thefe prefents, That it thall and may be lawful to and for the chief commanders, governours and officers of the faid companie for the tyme being, who fhall be refident in the faid part of New England in America by thefe prefents granted, and others there inhabiteing, by their appointment and direction from tyme to tyme and at all tymes hereafter, for their fpeciall. defence and fafety to encounter, repulfe, repell and refift by force of armes, as well by fea as by land, and by all fitting wayes and means whatfoever, all fuch perfon and perfons as fhall at any tyme here after attempt or enterprife the deftruction, invafion, detriment or annoyance of the faid plantation or inhabitants: And to take and furprize by all wayes and means whatfoever all and every fuch per could fon and perfons, with their shipps, armour, ammunition, and other goods, as fhall in hoftile manner invade and attempt the defeatinge of the faid plantation, or the hurt of the faid Companie and inhabitants. Nevertheless, our will and pleasure is, aud we do hereby de clare to all Chriftian Kings, Princes and States, That if any perfon or perfons which fhall hereafter be of the faid Companie or plantation, or any other by lycence or appointment of the faid Governour and Companie for the tyme being, fhall at any tyme or tymes hereafter, robb or fpoyle by fea or by land, or do any hurt, violence, or unlawfull hoftility to any of the subjects of us, our heirs or fucceffours, or any of the fubjects of any Prince or State being then in league and amity with us, our heirs and fucceffours, and that upon fuch injury done, and upon juft complaint of fuch Prince or State or theire fubjects, Wee, our heirs or fucceffors, fhall make open proclamation within any of the parts within our realme of England commodious for that purpofe, that the person or perfons having committed any fuch robbery or fpoyle, fhall, within the term limited by fuch a proclamation, make full restitution or fatisfaction of all fuch injuries done, fo as the faid Princes or others fo complaining could read any claffical author, and turn it into Englifh, could readily make and fpeak Latin, and write it in profe or verfe, and could decline Greek nouns and verbs, were judged qualified for admiffion, and upon examination, were accordingly admitted by the prefident and fellows: After that, they figned the college laws, which they were to tranfcribe and preferve as continual monitors of the duties which they were obliged by their privileges to obferve. The prefident infpected the manners of the ftudents, and L complaining may hould themselves fully fatisfied and contented. And that if the faid perfon or perfons haying committed fuch robbery or fpoyle fhall not make, or caufe to be made, fatisfaction accordingly, within fuch tyme fo to be lymited, that then it shall be lawfull for us, our heires and fucceffors, to putt the faid perfou or perfons out of our allegiance and protection; and that it fhall be lawfull and free for all Princes to profecute with hoftility the faid offenders and every of them theire procurers, ayders, abettors and comforters in that behalfe. Provided alfo, and our expreffe will and pleasure is, and wee do by these prefents for us, our heires and fucceffors,, ordaine and ap point, that thefe prefents fhall not in any manner enure, or be taken to abridge, barre or hinder any of: our loving fubjects whatfoever to afe and exercife the trade of fishing upon that coast of New-England: in America by these prefents mentioned to be granted; But that they or any and every or any of them shall have full and free power and liberty to continue and ufe; their faid trade of fishing upon the faid coaft in any of the feas there unto adjoineing, or any armes of the feas or falt-water rivers where they have beene wont to fish, and to build and fet upon the lands > every by these prefents granted fuch wharfes, ftages, and workhouses as fhall be neceffary for the falting, drying, keeping and packing up of their fifh to be taken or gotten upli on that coaft; and to cut downe and take fuch trees and other mai terials there growing, or being, Las fhall be needful for that purpose, and for other neceffary easements, helps and advantage concerning theire faid trade of fishing there, in fuch manner and forme as they have been heretofore at any cyme accustomed to doe, without makeing any wilfull waste or fpoyle, any thing in thefe prefents contained to› to the contrary notwithstanding. And we doe further for us, our heirs and fucceffours, ordaine and grant the faid Governour and Com panie and theire fucceffours by thefe prefents, that these our letters patents fhall be firme, good, effectual and available in all things and to all intents and conftructions of lawe, according to our true meaning herein before declared, and fhall be construed, reputed, and adjudged in all cafes moft favourably on the behalfe and for the benefit and behoofe of the faid Governour and Companie and their fucceffors; Although expreffe mention of the true yearely value, or certainty of the premiffes, or any of them, or of any other gifts or grants every morning and evening faid prayers in the common hall; to which was joined an expofition of fome chapters of the old teftament, which the ftudents read out of Hebrew into Greek in the morning and in the evening fome part of the New Teftament out of English into Greek. He alfo preached upon Sunday upon what fubjects he judged moft proper in the church in Cambridge, where the ftudents had a gallery allotted them, and where they ufually attended. The fellows refident were alfo tutors in the college; who, after they had taught the ftudents Hebrew, inftructed them in the liberal arts, before the first four years were expired. During this time they had their weekly declamations, and difputes, in the college hall, every Friday, where either the prefident or the fellows acted as moderators. Such as ftood candidates for degrees, were obliged to attend in the hall for certain hours, on Mondays and on Tuefdays, for three weeks together, in the middle of June. Thefe were called vifitation weeks, when all who pleafed, might afk them any questions, and examine them concerning their skill in the languages, or the fciences, which they profeffed grants, by us or any other of our progenitors or predeceffors, to the forefaid Governor and Companie before this time made, in thefe prefents is not made, or any ftatute, act, ordinance, provifion, proclamation or reftraint to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, publifhed, ordained or provided, or any other matter, caufe, or thing whatfoever to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithitanding. In witnefs whereof we have caufed thefe our letters to be made patent. Witness ourselves Westminster, the fourth day of March in the fourth yeare of our reigne This is a true copy of fuch let- Loc. 1644 at profeffed to understand. On this occasion, it was com mon for fome of the overfeers, while they were fitting folftice, as it was called, to vifit them, with a defign of feeing their improvement. When the time of commence ment began, which was at firft, the fecond Tuesday of August, but afterwards the first Wednesday of July, thofe who were to proceed batchelors, held their act publicly in Cambridge, where both the magiftrates, and minifters, attended, to confer honour upon their exercises. These exercises were, befides an oration delivered by the prefident, orations delis vered by the commencers, wherein fuitable compliments were paid to the audience, according to their characters, dignities, and offices. Thefe academical orations were made not only in latin, but fometimes in Greek and Hebrew. But the principal exercises were disputations upon queftions, where the refpondents exhibited a thefis which might be impugned by any who pleased. In conclufion, the prefident delivered a book into the hands of the candidates, and gave them their first degree. Thofe who were admitted to the degree of Mafters of Arts, were obliged to un. dergo a new trial, and difpute upon fome queftion fuited to the time they had ftudied. When this was finished, they received their degree with the fame formality as in the firft. Such diligence and strictness could not but have great influence in promoting learning, and preventing many from wafting their time idly, as happens in many European univerfities, where fuch difcipline is not observed. Whether this order is still obferved, I will not pretend to fay; but according to the laws and ftatutes of the college, it ought to be kept up. The ftatutes are fo exprefs, that they must expose themfelves greatly, to depart from them. There * There are twenty-three rules in their ftatutes very exprefs, and ftrong, that would be thought rather too fevere for either of the two univerfities in Statutes and Privileges of the Harvard College. 1. Such as are capable to read Cicero, or any fuch like claffic authors, and can speak and write latin in profe and verfe, and can - alfo decline the Greek nouns and verbs, may be admitted into the college. None can be admitted otherwife. II. All that are admitted into this college are to be received into a fellowship, and pay three pounds to the Iteward at theire admiffion, and at the end of every quarter of a year, pay what expences are due for their board. No ftudent fhall be allowed to dine or fup out of the college without leave from the prefident or tutors. But if any ftudent fhall, for the fake of receiving inftruction which cannot be had in the college, go out of it, he fhall forfeit no privilege. III. While they continue in the college they must attend all the proper times appointed for initruction, and improve their time diligently in ftudy. IV. All ftudents fhall be obliged to perform every religious, as well as fchool exercife, peculiar to his ftation, both publicly and privately. And while they are pupils they fhall deliver a public oration fix times every year. The mafters of arts are to be twice a week present at the pub. lic difputations, and both Bachelors and Mafters make an analysis of fome part of facred literature. Once in the half year, the Bachelors fhall publicly difcufs fome philofophical queftions under the government of the prefident, or in his abfence, under What the direction of the fenior tutors in their turns. V. No ftudent under any pretence whatever, fhall keep company with perfons of loofe and corrupt morals. VI. No ftudent, without leave from the prefident and tutors, fhall go out of the town; nor fhall any one, whatever be his rank and degree, be allowed to eat and drink in taverns or ordinaries, unless called by his parents, guardians, or fuch like near relations. VII. No fcholar, without the ap probation of his parents, guardians or tutors, fhall give away, fell, or lend any thing. If he does he fhall be fined by the prefident and tutors, according to the nature of the offence. VIII. All scholars muft wear decent apparel, and abftain from guady drefs, nor muft any go out of the college without his gown or cloak. IX. Every scholar who is not a graduate, fhall only be called by his own name, unlefs he is a fellow commoner, the eldest fon of a knight, or of fome noble family. X. Every commoner fhall pay five pounds for the conftant ufe of the college before he is admitted. XI. Every ftudent, in the condi tion of a pupil, fhall pay two pounds to his tutor every year: but if he is a commoner, he fhall pay three pounds. XII. None of the older ftudents, except the tutors or fellows fall be allowed to force any of the younger ones to go errands, or do |