Mount Adams, where, forty years ago, astronomer Mitchel had his observatory, and looked through his big telescope at Jupiter and his family of moons.

the

Then

car, with its occupants, horses and all go down the inclined plane in about one minute, when the horses draw the car from the platform, and pursue their journey into the house-lined streets.

MOUNT AUBURN, also now a part of the city, lies west of Walnut Hills, being separated from the last by the valley of Deer creek. It also abounds in elegant residences.

CLIFTON lies west of Avondale and north of Burnet Woods Park, and was incorporated as a town in 1849. It derives its name from the Clifton Farm, comprises about 1,200 acres, is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and has about 1,200 inhabitants. In its precincts it has neither shop, factory, saloon nor division fences. It has seventeen miles of avenues, lined with fine shade trees, of which thousands have been planted; also some magnificent residences. The town hall contains the school-room, and its main hall is elegantly frescoed. The ladies of the Sacred Heart have also a school for girls, with spacious and beautiful grounds.

PRICE'S HILL is west of the city plain, some 400 feet above it, and is in the city limits. It is reached by an inclined plane and the Warsaw Pike. It commands extensive views of river, city and country, and has elegant residences, convents and colleges.

CUMMINSVILLE, a part of Cincinnati by annexation, is five miles north of the business centre of the city. The place was named after David Cummins, owner of a tannery, whose extensive property and that of another family named Hutchison, comprised nearly the entire site of the present town. The early settlement was known as LUDLOW STATION, established, in 1790, by Israel Ludlow, Daniel Bates, Thomas Goudy (said to have been the first Cincinnati lawyer), John N. Cummins, Uriah Hardesty and others. This station is noted as being the place where Gen. St. Clair organized his army in 1791. It was deserted and reoccupied by turns until peace was established with the Indians in 1795. Newspaper: Transcript, Independent, A. E. Weatherby, editor. Churches: 1 Protestant Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Christian, 2 Catholic, and 1 Colored Methodist Episcopal..

HARRISON, on the Indiana State line, is twenty-five miles northwest of Cincinnati, on the C. I., St. L. & C. R. R. Newspaper: News, Independent, Walter Hartpence, editor and proprietor. Churches: 1 Christian, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, 1 Catholic, and 1 German Protestant. Industries Furniture factories, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring mills, etc. Banks: Citizens' (Frank Bowles), Frank Bowles, cashier; J. A. Graft, James A. Graft, cashier. Population in 1880, 1,850. School census in 1886, 588. R. Maxwell Boggs, superintendent.

This village is noted as the point where John Morgan on his raid entered Ohio. It was a thorough surprise. About one o'clock, in the afternoon of July 13, 1863, the advance of the command was seen streaming down the hill, on the west side of the valley, and the alarm was at once given. Citizens hurried to secrete valuables and run off horses; but in a very few minutes the enemy were swarming all over the town. The raiders generally behaved well; no woman nor other person was harmed, and no house robbed. They entered the stores, and in the aggregate a large amount of goods was taken. They were eccentric in their robbing. A druggist was despoiled of nothing but his soap and perfumery. They stayed a few hours, carried off some horses, and that night, going east, were abreast of Cincinnati, and the next day out of the county, after a tremendous midsummer march of thirty hours.

MT. WASHINGTON is five miles east of Cincinnati, on the C. G. & P. R. R. Newspaper: Cincinnati Public School Journal, Educational. Churches: 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Protestant and 1 Baptist. Industries: Colter Pack

ing Co., fruit canning, 100 employees. Population in 1880, 393. School census in 1886, 160. D. G. Drake, superintendent.

LOCKLAND is twelve miles north of Cincinnati, on the C. C. C. & I. and C. H. & D. R. R., and on the Miami and Erie Canal. It has four churches and, in 1880, 1,884 inhabitants. Water-power is supplied to the establishments here by four locks in the canal, which have unitedly forty-eight feet fall and give name to the place.

Industries and Employees.-The Stearns & Foster Co., cotton batting, etc., 98 hands; The Lockland Lumber Co., builders' wood-work, etc., 85; The Friend & Fox Paper Co., 75; George H. Friend Paper Co., 25; J. H. Tangeman, papermaking, 15; The Holdeman Paper Co., 34; The Holdeman Paper Co., 30; The George Fox Starch Co., starch, 107.-State Report, 1888.

READING lies just east of Lockland and had, in 1880, a population of 2,680. Diehl's long-noted fireworks are here manufactured; 60 hands are employed. WYOMING lies west of Lockland, on the other side of the C. H. & D. R. R.; it had, in 1880, 840 inhabitants.

MADISONVILLE is seven and a half miles from Cincinnati, on the C. W. & B. R. R., has churches, Baptist, Methodist, Christian, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Episcopal and Catholic. Population in 1880, 1,247. NORWOOD is on the same railroad, six miles from Cincinnati, and has about 800 inhabitants.

CARTHAGE is on the C. H. & D. and C. C. C. & I. R. R. and Miami Canal, ten miles from Cincinnati. It has four churches, the County Infirmary and Longview Insane Asylum. Population in 1880, 1,007. The Erkenbecker Starch Factory is here, which employs 120 hands; the clothing-making industry is also carried on here. HARTWELL lies a little northeast of Carthage, on the opposite side of Mill creek, and on the C. H. & D. and Short Line Railroads. Population in 1880, 892. ELMWOOD adjoins Carthage on the south.

While others of these treesy-named villages, as Maplewood and Woodlawn, are not afar; also Park Place and Arlington. Then there is Addyston, which, increasing the number to be mentioned, has a suggestion in its name of the arithmetical. Outside of the city limits, on the line of Mill creek, which is threaded by the C. H. and Bee Line Railroads for sixteen miles north, there are nineteen flourishing towns, many of them running into each other.

ST. BERNARD is an extensive suburb, just south of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, seven miles north of the city, and is largely inhabited by Germans, who have here the St. Clement's Catholic church. Population in 1880, 1,073. BOND HILL is near it, on the line of the M. & C. R. R.

GLENDALE is on the C. H. & D. Railroad, fifteen miles north of Cincinnati, and is one of the most beautiful of the suburban villages. The Glendale Female College is located here. It has three parks, and a pretty lake of four acres from natural springs. It was laid out in 1852 for suburban homes by wealthy Cincinnatians, and has been noted as the residence of some eminent characters, as Stanley Matthews, Robert Clarke, R. M. Shoemaker, Crafts J. Wright, etc.; also for the literary tastes of its population, which has been noted for its quality rather than its numbers. Population in 1880, 1,403.

COLLEGE HILL is about eight miles from the city and is reached by a narrow gauge railway. It is especially noted as the seat of Farmer's College and of a Female College. Two miles north of it is Mount Pleasant, post-office name Mount Healthy, which many years ago was noted for holding conventions of the Anti-Slavery or Liberty Party.

IVORYDALE lies seven miles north of Cincinnati, on the C. H. & D., C. W. & B. and C. C. C. & I. Railroads. Here Proctor & Gamble have about 500 employees in the manufacture of their famed "ivory soap," who labor on the cooperative plan, sharing profits with the owners. The Emery Lard and Candle Manufacturing Company is also here, post-office Ludlow Grove.

The following are the names of villages and localities in the county, with their

populations in 1880: Home City, 422; Riverside, 1,268 (now in the Cincinnati limits, post-office Sedamsvlle), where, in 1887, the Cincinnati Cooperage Company employed 565 hands; Westwood, 852; Cleves, 836; North Bend, 412; Linwood, 723; and Springdale, 284.

In the northwestern corner of the county is the village of Whitewater, where, since 1824, there has been a small settlement of Shakers. The grave of Adam Poe, the renowned Indian fighter, who had the noted fight with Big Foot, is in the Shaker burying-ground.

Census of 1890 of Villages.

Madison, 2,242; Norwood, 1,390; Oakley, 1,266; Pleasant Ridge, 1,027; Home City, 797; Riverside, part of, 1,171; Delhi, 531; Harrison, part of in Ohio, 1,090; Avondale, 4,473; Bond Hill, 1,000; Carthage, 2,059; Clifton, 1,575; College Hill, 1,346; Elmwood, 1,980; Saint Bernard, 2,158; West Norwood, 612; Linwood, 1,276; Glendale, 1,444; Hartwell, 1,507; Lockland, 2,474; Wyoming, 1,454; Mount Healthy, 1,295; Hazelwood, 502; Montgomery, 797; Reading, 3,103; Sharon, 730; Camp Dennison 584.

HANCOCK.

HANCOCK COUNTY was formed April 1st, 1820, named from John Hancock, first President of the Revolutionary Congress. The surface is level; soil is black loam, mixed with sand, and based on limestone and very fertile. Its settlers were generally of Pennsylvania origin. Area, about 540 square miles. In 1887 the acres cultivated were 169,013; in pasture, 44,809; woodland, 77,310; lying waste, 1,569; produced in wheat, 567,704 bushels; rye, 38,264; buckwheat, 764; oats, 491,677; barley, 1,376; corn, 1,667,873; broom-corn, 2,000 pounds brush; meadow hay, 26,271 tons; clover, 10,351 bushels seed; flax, 2,839 pounds fibre; potatoes, 74,601 bushels; butter, 686,107 pounds; sorghum, 3,544 gallons; maple syrup, 16,598; honey, 14,803 pounds; eggs, 647,165 dozen; grapes, 11,445 pounds; sweet potatoes, 363 bushels; apples, 10,435 bushels; peaches, 486 bushels; pears, 652 bushels; wool, 206,987 pounds; milch cows owned, 8,316. School census, 1888, 11,316; teachers, 274. Miles of railroad track, 129.

Population of Hancock in 1830, 813; 1840, 10,099; 1860, 22,886; 1880, 27,784, of whom 23,102 were born in Ohio, 2,209 Pennsylvania, 270 New York, 252 Virginia, 143 Indiana, 35 Kentucky, 882 German Empire, 89 Ireland, 76 France, 64 England and Wales, 47 British America, and 11 Scotland.

The central and southern part of this county is watered by Blanchard's fork of the Auglaize and its branches. The Shawnee name of this stream was Sho-poqua-te-sepe, or Tailor's river. We state on the authority of Col. John Johnston that Blanchard, from whom this stream was named, was a tailor, or one that sewed garments. He was a native of France, and a man of intelligence; but no part of his history could be obtained from him. He doubtless fled his country for some offence against its laws, intermarried with a Shawnee woman, and after living here thirty years, died in 1802, at or near the site of Fort Findlay. When the Shawnees emigrated to the West, seven of his children were living, one of whom was a chief. In the war of 1812 a road was cut through this county, over which the troops for the Northwest passed. Among these was the army of Hull, which was piloted by Isaac Zane, M'Pherson and Robert Armstrong.

Findlay in 1846.-Findlay, the county-seat, is on Blanchard's fork, ninety miles northeast of Columbus. It contains one Presbyterian and one Methodist church, one academy, two newspaper printing offices, thirteen mercantile stores, one foundry, one clothing, one flouring and one grist mill, and 112 families. A branch railroad has been surveyed from Cary, on the Mad river railroad, to this place, a distance of sixteen miles, which will probably ere long be constructed. Findlay derives its name from Fort Findlay, built in the late war by James Findlay, who was a citizen of Cincinnati, a colonel in the late war, and afterwards a member of Congress. This fort stood on the south bank of Blanchard's fork, just west of the present bridge. It was a stockade of about fifty yards square,

with block-houses at its corners and a ditch in front. It was used as a depot for military stores and provisions.

About 9 o'clock one dark and windy night in the late war, Capt. William Oliver (now of Cincinnati), in company with a Kentuckian, left Fort Meigs for Fort Findlay, on an errand of importance, the distance being about thirty-three miles. They had scarcely started on their dreary and perilous journey, when they unexpectedly came upon an Indian camp, around the fires of which the Indians were busy cooking their suppers. Disturbed by the noise of their approach, the savages sprang up and ran towards them. At this they reined their horses into the branches of a fallen tree. Fortunately the

horses, as if conscious of the danger, stood perfectly still, and the Indians passed around the tree without making any discovery in the thick darkness. At this juncture Oliver and his companion put spurs to their horses and dashed forward into the woods, through which they passed all the way to their point of destination. They arrived safely, but with their clothes completely torn off by the brambles and bushes, and their bodies bruised all over by contusions against the trees. They had scarcely arrived in the fort when the Indians in pursuit made their appearance, but too late, for their prey had escaped.

The town of Findlay was first laid out by ex-Gov. Joseph Vance and Elnathan Corry, in 1821, and in 1829 relaid out, lots sold, and a settlement systematically commenced. In the fall of 1821, however, Wilson Vance (brother of the above) moved into Findlay with his family. There were then some ten or fifteen Wyandot families in the place, who had made improvements. They were a temperate, fine-looking people, and friendly to the first settlers. There were at this time but six other white families in the county besides that of Mr. Vance. Mr. V. is now the oldest settler in the county. For the first two or three years all the grain which he used he brought in teams from his brothers' mills in Champaign county, about forty miles distant. To this should be excepted some little corn which he bought of the Indians, for which he occasionally paid as high as $1 per bushel, and ground it in a hand-mill.

At the

There are some curiosities in the town and county worthy of note. south end of Findlay are two gas-wells. From one of them the gas has been conducted by a pipe into a neighboring dwelling and used for light. A short distance west of the bridge, on the north bank of Blanchard's fork, at Findlay, is a chalybeate spring of excellent medicinal qualities, and from which issues inflammable gas. In the eastern part of the town is a mineral spring possessing similar qualities. Three miles south of Findlay is a sycamore of great height, and thirtyfour feet in circumference at its base. Ten miles below Findlay, on the west bank of Blanchard's fork, on the road to Defiance, are two sugar-maple trees, thirty feet distant at their base, which, about sixty feet up, unite and form one trunk, and thus continue from thence up, the body of one actually growing into the other, so that each lose their identity and form one entire tree.-Old Edition.

FINDLAY, County-seat of Hancock, about 85 miles northwest of Columbus, about 45 miles south of Toledo, is on the L. E. & W.; T. C. & S.; and I. B. & W. railroads. The largest natural-gas wells in the world supply manufacturers here with fuel at a nominal cost; private consumers pay fifteen cents a month per stove while in use, and for illuminating purposes five cents per month per burner. Oil is also abundant, is piped elsewhere, and some refined here.

County Officers in 1888.-Auditor, William T. Platt; Clerk, Presley E. Hay; Commissioners, Isaac M. Watkins, George W. Krout, Calvin W. Brooks; Coroner, Jesse A. Howell; Infirmary Directors, James M. Cusac, Alexander R. Morrison, Wm. R. McKee; Probate Judge, George W. Myers; Prosecuting Attorney, James A. Bope; Recorder, John B. Foltz; Sheriff, George L. Cusac; Surveyor, Ulysses K. Stringfellow; Treasurer, Andrew J. Moore.

City Officers in 1888.-Wm. L. Carlin, Mayor; Jacob H. Boger, Clerk; Jacob Huber, Treasurer; J. W. Bly, Marshal; Jas. A. Bope, Solicitor; Godfrey Nusser, Street Commissioner.

Newspapers.-Courier, Democratic, Fred. H. Glessner, editor and publisher; Jeffersonian, Independent Republican, A. H. Balsley, editor and publisher; Gas