instrumental in discovering and causing the development of the great iron and copper regions of Lake Superior. Judge Baldwin, from whose sketch of Col. Whittlesey in the "Magazine of Western History we take most of the facts given in this sketch, says: "As an American archæologist Col. Whittlesey was very learned and thorough. He had in Ohio the advantage of surveying its wonderful works at an early date. He had, too, that cool poise and self-possession that prevented his enthusiasm from coloring his judgment. He completely avoided errors into which a large share of archæologists fall. The scanty information as to the past and its romantic interest lead to easy but dangerous theories, and even suffers the practice of many impositions. He was of late years of great service in exposing frauds, and thereby helped the science to a healthy tone. It may be well enough to say that in one of his tracts he exposed, on what was apparently the best evidence, the supposed falsity of the Cincinnati tablet, so called. Its authenticity was defended by Mr. Robert Clarke, of Cincinnati, successfully and convincingly to Col. Whittlesey himself. I was with the colonel when he first heard of the successful defence, and with a mutual friend who thought he might be chagrined, but he was so much more interested in the truth for its own sake than in his relations to it that he appeared much pleased with the result. "He impressed his associates as being full of learning, not from books but nevertheless of all around-the roads, the fields, the sky, men, animals or plants. Charming it was to be with him in excursions; that was really life and elevated the mind and heart." He was a profoundly religious man, never ostentatiously so, but to him religion and science were twin and inseparable companions. They were in his life and thought, and he wished to and did live to express in print his sense that the God of science was the God of religion, and that the Maker had not lost power over the thing made." Some literary characters of national reputation have been identified with Cleveland. Early among American humorists was CHARLES F. BROWNE, "Artemus Ward." His wit first scintillated here and later came in to brighten some of the dark days of Abraham Lincoln; and JOHN HAY has his home here, the author of " Castilian Days" and Little Breeches," and whose writings upon Mr. Lincoln are of such prime value as to give him an enduring reputation. The city was the girlhood and early womanhood home of CONSTANCE FENNIMORE WOOLSON, who wrote East Angels" and "Anne,' and likewise is the birth-place and early home of another female writer of children's books and pleasing verses, Sarah Woolsey, under pen-name of Susan Coolidge; and then a third, Mrs. Sarah Knowles Bolton, who although not Ohio-born is Ohio-living. the TRAVELLING NOTES. When I first knew Cleveland, now about half a century ago, it was a small place with only a few thousand people. Even then it had a distinction of being an attractive spot from the beauty of its situation and adornments of trees and shrubbery and was called "the Forest City." The people of the town largely lived in small houses, but many of these were pretty, simple cottages, showing refinement from their social porches and surroundings of flowers and shrubbery. The city had a grand start from the character of its human stock. Indeed, I think the historian Bancroft somewhere has said, speaking of the entire Western Reserve, that the average grade of intelligence in its population exceeded that of any other equal era of people on the globe. Euclid avenue, too, was acquiring a repu tation for beauty. One residence upon it, that of Judge Thomas H. Kelly, Gen. Harrison said was the handsomest in Ohio. It is yet a fine home-like domicile, but cannot compare with the palatial mansions now there. But magnificent as these are, there is standing to-day upon this avenue one little cottage that, to my eye, is more attractive than them all, and because it had long been the home of the late Charles Whittlesey, the most learned of Ohio's historians; the most original, philosophic and varied in his investigations, alike in the realms of science and of events. The Whittlesey home-place is about three miles from the centre, a white cottage, standing a few rods back from the avenue, partially hid by evergreens. As I approached it on this tour to make a call upon my old friend, whom I had not seen in many years, I was surprised at the discovery at the pathside of what seemed to me an original sort of door-plate. It was a small white boulder, dotted with red spots-jasper. The front side was polished, and on it was carved CHARLES WHITTLESEY. It was a block of breccia, conglomerated quartz and jasper, the natural home of which was the north shore of Lake Superior. Only four such have been found in Ohio, brought here in the ice age, though common in Michigan. This identical block was procured by Mr. Whittlesey and shipped from the north shore of Lake Huron. My visit was on a bright summer afternoon. I found "the Colonel," as everybody called him, not in his cottage, but in his garden, and the way I went thither was interesting-in at the front door and then out at the back door, through the little low rooms, filled with the books and utilities of the old student and scientist, life-long loves and companions, silent teachers of God, man and the universe. In the garden, in the rear of a little old brown barn, old soldier-like, I found him, with his tent spread and in solitude. He was seated on a camp-stool at the tent door, the sun pouring full in his face, the afternoon 524 As I approached he sun of July 3, 1886. did not at first hear my footsteps; he was gazing into vacancy, his mind evidently far away amid scenes of a long, eventful life; at times, perhaps, on the far-away wilderness with savages, away back in the forties, surveying in the wintry snows of the Lake Superior country, or on the battle-field of Shiloh, or, perhaps, to his still earlier experiences when a boy, when this century was young, he was beginning life in a cabin among the struggling pioneers of Portage county. Yes, gazing into vacancy from the tent door, a rather small, aged man, a blonde, and bald and evidently an invalid. He wore when he a dressing-gown, and, as I later saw, moved it was slowly, painfully, in bent attitude and leaning on a cane. Around him strewed on the boarded tent were a few books, a map or two and relics of by-gone days; the old military suit he wore in the Black Hawk war in 1832, when he was one of Uncle Sam's lieutenants of infantry, a stiff, black hat, bell-crowned, with a receptacle for a pompon, ancient sword with curving blade, an old-fashioned military coat with rear appendage of hanging flaps. He had saved it 30 long (for fifty-four years) that I fancied the moths must have owed him a grudge. The Colonel had heard I was coming and I got an sent word he wanted to see me. honest greeting. There was no gush about him. He was one of the most plain, simple of men, a terse talker, giving out nuggets of facts-so terse that if perchance a listener let his mind go a wool gathering for a second and lost two or three words he would be clear broken up. He told me that was the fourth summer in which he had passed several hours daily in his tent. This was to take sun baths, from which he thought then for the first time he was experiencing a decided benefit. Asking what was his special ailment he replied: "I have five chronic complaints, and all in full blast.' When asked why soldiers did not 'Because take cold in tents he answered: Indoors we the temperature is always even. cannot avoid uneven temperatures and in changing from tent life to house life one is apt to take cold.' No itelligent man could long listen to Mr. The learned man had helped me on my by him, "Sources of Ohio's Strength," but no more. Much gratification was derived this time in Cleveland by a call upon Mr. John A. Foote, an old lawyer, an octogenarian, of whom I had all my life heard but never met until now. He was a brother of Admiral Foote and son of that Governor Foote of Connecticut who, when in the United States Senate, introduced a resolution, historically known as "Foote's resolution," which led to the famous debate between Daniel Webster and Mr. Hayne, of South Carolina. Mr. Foote first came here from Cheshire, Connecticut, in the summer of 1833, and was for years a member of the eminent law firm of Andrews, Foote & Hoyt. He was born in 1803 on the site of the Tontine Hotel in New Haven, Connecticut, but his home at the time of leaving was in Cheshire. The town was overwhelmingly Democratic, and he was a Whig, but as the State Legislature was in session but for a few weeks his townsmen irrespective of politics, "in town meeting duly assembled," gave him and a Mr. Edward A. Cornwall, prior to their departure for the distant wilds of Ohio, as a parting compliment, the privilege of representing them in that body. So they went down to Hartford and passed a few weeks pleasantly among the in the humorous Shad Eaters,' parlance of the time, the members were called, from the fact that they met in May, the season of shad-catching in the Connecticut. as, The year 1883 came around when Foote and Cornwall, after a lapse thus of fifty years, in company visited the Legislature of Connecticut at Hartford and were received with great eclat. The House passed some complimentary resolutions, signed by the speaker and clerk, expressive of their high gratification. These Mr. Foote with commendable pride pointed out to me framed on his parlor wall, and we copied the last: "That we congratulate them on their being able to round out a half century of lives alike honorable to themselves and useful to their fellow-citizens with this pleasing inci dent which we believe to be without a parallel in the history of American legislative bodies. CHAS. H. PINE, Speaker. "DONALD S. PERKINS, Clerk. "Passed February 22, 1883, Washington's birthday." Mr. Foote told me that what struck him as the most notable thing on his arrival in Cleveland in the summer of 1833 was the caving in of the lake shore by the encroachments of the waves upon the sands of the bank. Whole acres disappeared in a single season, so that in time the town site seemed doomed to disappear. They had continually to move buildings away from the remorseless waters. Mr. Charles Whittlesey then devised the plan of driving piles along the lake shore, and it was a perfect success. Mr. Foote is a neighbor of the highly esteemed and widely known Harvey Rice, whom I found also a fine specimen of happy old age. He was then eighty-six years old, tall, erect, his powers well preserved and able to read and write without glasses. BEREA is on the C. C. C. & I. and L. S. & M. S. R. R., 12 miles southwest of Cleveland. It is the seat of Baldwin University and the German Wallace College. Natural gas is used to some extent. Newspapers: Advertiser, Republican, E. D. Peebles, editor and manager; Grit, S. S. Brown, publisher. Churches: 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal and 2 Catholic. Bank of Berea, Thos. Churchward, president, A. H. Pomeroy, cashier. Industries.-The Berea stone quarries are renowned throughout the whole country for superior quality and inexhaustible supply. Population in 1880, 1,682. School census in 1886, 558; J. W. Bowles, superintendent. At an early day there was in the village a peculiar industry to be established in what was then almost in the woods; this was the "globe factory" of Josiah Holbrook for the manufacture of globes and various kinds of school apparatus. At one time he employed about a dozen men and did a large business. The factory remained until about 1852. Berea, as has been mentioned, has long been famous for its manufacture of grindstones, and many before the invention of the "Baldwin blower" died of what was called "grindstone consumption," their lungs being found after death to be filled with the fine, flour-like dust with which the air was impregnated. The disease is now unknown. We visited the spot at that period and watched the interesting process of turning out grindstones. In conversation with one of the workmen he complained to us with a sigh, as though it was hard work to breathe, of the continuous oppressive feeling he had at his chest from the fine powder which was steadily accumulating and filling up his lungs, and there was no remedy. It was a horrible necessity, working for bread while every hour of industry was but the taking in of more dust for a suffocating death. The following article upon the Berea Sandstone industry has been contributed for these pages by Mr. E. D. Peebles, editor at Berea. Berea Sandstone, the economic value of which is now well known all over the country, lies in a stratum about sixty feet in thickness, under the drift clay and shales that are found everywhere in Northern Ohio. The stone has no surface exposure, excepting where cut through by water courses. In color it is a grayish white, free from pebbles and bedded in layers varying in thickness from six inches to ten feet. These layers usually have a good bed-seam, so that they can be quarried separately and with regard to the use for which they are especially adapted. The best sheets are reserved for grindstones, which require a smooth, even texture, neither too soft or too hard, free from cracks, flaws or hard spots and must split well; other grades are used for building purposes, flagging, etc. The Berea rock is especially fine for grindstones, while its beauty and durability for architectural purposes is unsurpassed. This rock has been worked for more than forty years. The early pioneers were not slow to discover that a grindstone worked out of Berea stone was an indispensable article to every well-regulated farm, household or workshop. The demand for it became so urgent that John Baldwin, foreseeing its value as an article of commercial industry, devoted his energies to its development. Mr. Baldwin came from Connecticut, and was in every way suited for the grand work of a pioneer. He was possessed of keen sagacity, downright honesty, strict economy coupled with a generosity that at times was almost a fault, indomitable perseverance |