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Douglas shoes are made by the highest paid, skilled shoemakers, under the direction and supervision of experienced men, all working with an honest determination to make the best shoes for the price that money can buy. W. L. Douglas shoes are for sale by over 9000 shoe dealers besides our own stores. If your local dealer cannot supply you, take no other make. Order direct from factory. Send for booklet telling how to order shoes by mail, postage free. CAUTION.-Insist upon having W.L.Doug- Mo Douglas President W.L.Douglas Shoe Co 167 Spark Street, Brockton, Mass. A Cash Offer for Cartoons and Photographs Cash payment, from $1 to $5, will promptly be made to our readers who send us a cartoon or photograph accepted by The Outlook. We want to see the best cartoons published in your local papers, and the most interesting and newsy pictures you may own. Read carefully the coupons below for conditions governing payment. Then fill in the coupon, paste it on the back of the cartoon or print, and mail to us. THE EDITORS OF THE OUTLOOK, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York THE OUTLOOK. September 29, 1920. Volume 126, Number 5. Published weekly by The Outlook Company at 381 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Subscription price $5.00 a year. Entered as second-class matter, July 21, 1893, at the Post Office at New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879. To Insure Christmas Delivery Monogrammed Handkerchiefs Should be ordered now THE variety of smart new sport styles and our ever large assortment of hand-embroidered, lace-edged and hemstitched handkerchiefs afford a wide selection to the early shopper. But the ever welcome gift of handkerchiefs acquires a truly personal charm only when it bears a distinctive monogram. To insure delivery for the holidays, orders for monogramming should be placed not later than the first week of November. borough School J. MADISON GATHANY was appointed head of the Department of History and American Citizenship. The author of "What's the Matter with the Eastern Farmer?" began his contact with the soil on a farm in the hills of Pennsylvania, where he was appropriately born in a log cabin. This contact he kept throughout his boyhood, as this bit of autobiography, which we have elicited from him, reveals: After spending fourteen years on the old home farm, I was hired out to a farmer for $7 per month and my board. I had to get up at four o'clock in the morning, go fully a mile for the cows through the wet grass, and help milk them. After breakfast I went out into the fields and worked until seven o'clock in the evening. Frequently we went out to do a little extra work after supper. He went to Brown University, where he earned not only his way but his A.M. in English and History. THE HEODORE H. PRICE brings to his discussion of taxation a very necessary commodity for one who writes on this subject. He brings the good will of his readers, for he has earned it by his many articles in The Outlook. He brings also experience in finance, experience as an editor and writer (he is editor of "Commerce and Finance "), and the open-mindedness that enables a man to change his opinion in the presence of new evidence. In connection with his article we have a story to tell that may interest our readers. Mr. Price mentions in his article a cartoon. We were interested in it and wanted to find it to show it to our readers, so Mr. Moore, the Art Manager of The Outlook, turned to his friend Mr. Foss, of the Brooklyn Library, who promptly discovered the cartoon as reproduced in the columns of the "Literary Digest." We had not access to the old file of the New York" World," in which it originally appeared. We therefore applied to the "Digest," and were accorded the courtesy of access to the "Digest's file, from which the cartoon as it ap pears in The Outlook was re-reproduced. ICHARD BARRY contrasted the characters of Cox and Harding as newspaper men in his article last week. The article this week is a mate to that one. In obtaining his information at first hand Mr. Barry visited both Dayton and Marion, meeting and talking not only with the candidates themselves, but with their friends and neighbors. RIC CO-RESPONSIBILITY VERSUS SYNDICALISM S' SEPTEMBER 29, 1920 everything in its power to secure continuance in office. While careful not to INCE September 1 several hun- defend the Federation of Labor's seiz dred industrial plants in Italy have been seized by the workers, who are trying to operate them. The seizure followed the refusal of employ. ers to grant wage increases and a share in the management of the factories. The Italian Confederation of Labor advised the workers to secure their control of these plants by legislation. This advice gave Prime Minister Giolitti his chance. He went from Rome to Milan, where the greatest industrial disorder had occurred, and proposed two plans, both of which have been accepted by the employers and em ployed. The first plan was to reach an accord between them on these points: 1. An increase in daily wages of four lire (normally eighty cents). 2. A week's vacation yearly with full pay. 3. Two days' full pay each year for men dismissed after three years' ser vice. The points on which an accord is still to be reached are: 1. Claims by the workmen that they should be paid for the period of the strike. 2. Refusal of the employers to reemploy persons guilty of violence. The second plan is a consequence of the advice of the Italian Confederation of Labor and includes the appointment of a commission to consider the workmen's proposals to participate in the technical, financial, and disciplinary management of factories; the commission's report to be made the basis for a bill embodying the workers' demands. The Premier admitted that recent evidence had necessitated "a radical revision of the relations hitherto existing between capital and labor," and, while not justifying any seizures, adds: "It is necessary to make it possible for the workers to contribute towards the functioning of a firm to the extent of giving them a true sense of responsibility." In rejoinder to the alarmist statements of certain American correspondents in Italy, the Italian Government states that it regards the employees' activities as only an incident in the agitation for economic reform, and as having no political bearing. Of course the Giolitti Government will grant ure of factories, it has won the support ure of factories, it has won the support of the labor element by showing itself sympathetic to certain of their de mands, Signor Labriola, Minister of Labor, being specially notable in this direction. The workers demanded syndicalism; they get reciprocal responsibility. They attempted a Russian-like control of industry. But they themselves have GIOVANNI GIOLITTI, PREMIER OF ITALY shrunk back from extremism. At a great Socialist meeting in Milan an "order" from Lenine, the head of the Bolshevist Government, was read, directing "Italian comrades who adhere to the Third Internationale" to begin a revolution at once. Resentment at this foreign interference defeated the extremists. A "BON MARCHEUR" R calling attention to the celerity and orderliness of their Presidential elections as contrasted with ours. We can better appreciate this contrast now that we are in the midst of one of our longdrawn-out, turbulent campaigns. There is no dearth of good Presidential material in France, but, as at the time of the latest election, when most people expected to see M. Clemenceau's triumph, so at present there is but one commanding personality-a personality in its resourcefulness, bluntness, and vigor very like the "Tiger's." We refer of course to M. Alexandre Millerand. Ever since M. Deschanel's illness became apparent M. Millerand has received the compliment of being urged by many men of many political traits to become a Presidential candidate. Until the date of this writing he has steadily refused, saying, "No, no, and again no." He has finally accepted, doubtless because he has received assurances from "the powers that be" in Parliament that they will bring about a. change in the French Constitution, giving the President more authority and power, particularly in the appointment of Ministers and in the dissolution of Parliament. No one can blame M. Millerand for preferring to remain Prime Minister, in which office he has abundant chance to display his well-known activity, as opposed to becoming President, in which office he would find the necessity for a distasteful retirement. Particularly is this true when the Premier considers his record. During the recent crisis, covering a considerable number of months, France has been fighting singlehanded for the maintenance of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and their rigorous application to Germany, as against the pacifist and even proBolshevik tendencies displayed by England and Italy. In this conflict M. Millerand has repeatedly "won out" as against the most adroit English and Italian statesmen. No wonder that the French Premier likes such a game. ECENTLY it became evident that President Deschanel, of France, was seriously incapacitated. He has now sent his resignation to the Prime Minister, who has transmitted it to It is but the latest evidence, however, Parliament, which, at Versailles, will of the "going concern," Alexandre hold a joint session to elect M. Descha- Millerand. Some one asked him one nel's successor. The whole affair may day what his favorite recreation was. be settled by the time this issue of The He replied, "Je suis un bon marcheur." Outlook reaches its readers. He has been-as student, lawyer, muFrenchmen have a natural pride in nicipal councilor, Deputy, Minister of International THE SCENE OF THE EXPLOSION AT IBROAD AND' WALL STREETS, NEW YORK CITY-THE SUB-TREASURY AT THE UPPER RIGHT HAND Commerce, of Public Works, of War, Premier. He has always been an ag gressive progressive. THE AALAND ISLANDS WEDEN and Finland recently re SWEDEN the League of Nations for an opinion. A commission of three eminent juristsone French, one Dutch, one Swisswere set to work. It has just decided that the League can act as arbitrator, and its opinion foreshadows a decision against Finland. The Aaland Islands are some eighty in number. On the map they are shown as half-way between Sweden and Finland at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. Geographically they belong to Finland; the dense archipelago links them to the Finnish coast-in winter, indeed, there is access across the ice to the mainland. There is no such access to Sweden, for winter and summer there lies a deep stretch of open sea between, which practically never freezes. Ethnologically, however, the islands belong to Sweden. The population is almost wholly Swedish, and at the recent plebiscite voted ninety-five per cent for the Swedish flag. Until 1809 the islands belonged to Sweden. Russia then took them and attached them to Finland. By the Treaty of Paris of 1856 it was agreed that the islands should not be fortified or used as a military base. The Finns contend that they are neces sary to Finland on strategic grounds. It remains to be seen, when League decisions defeat popular hopes, whether the Finns will pay any more attention to them than have some other peoples. MURDER BY WHOLESALE THE es toward human suffering that HE callousness and brutal heartlesslay beneath the Wall Street outrage in New York City is almost beyond belief. The crime was so planned as to strike at the lives of ordinary, every-day people. That it was a crime and not an accident seems clearly proved-negatively by the absence of testimony that explosives were being transported for legitimate purposes; positively by the many iron slugs cut from window weights and used for deadly missiles, by the mailing almost simultaneously with the explosion of wild Anarchistic posters, and by many minor circumstances. Investigation in the week following this wholesale murder of Thursday, September 16, was not productive of convincing evidence as to its authorship. That more than one person was concerned is almost certain. There are many possible lines of inquiry still open, and reasonable hope that they may lead to the capture of the perpetrators. One singular discovery was that made by a reporter, of nearly four hundred pounds of high explosive in a half-submerged barge at Plum Beach, Long Island, near a place where police two months ago found other quantities of similar stuff. Whether this was the store from which the explosives used in the recent crime were drawn or whether the barge loaded with deadly cargo drifted there at the time of the Black Tom calamity is a matter of conjecture. Other possible sources of information may exist in identifying the shoes of the horse which drew the wagon carrying the bomb or infernal machine, or by getting on the trail of the men who drove the wagon and set the fuse or time-clock by which the explosion was brought about at exactly twelve o'clock, just opposite the J. P. Morgan building and close to the United States Assay Office. The total number of deaths from the explosion was reported on September 21 as having reached thirty-five. More than a hundred and fifty persons were injured by falling glass, fragments of doors and windows, and bits of metal. Chief W. J. Flynn, of the Department of Justice's Secret Service, is quoted as attributing the crime to Communists and Anarchists who wish to bring about a reign of terror, and who planned this horror, not against individuals, but as a way of "making a demonstration." To hunt down "Reds" of this type, to keep them out of the country if they come from abroad, and to convict and punish them or drive them out of the country if they are already here, is simply a matter of selfpreservation. "There are evils in our social system," said Mr. W. H. Johnstone, President of the International Association of Mechanics, at its opening session last week, "but we can cure every social ill and remedy every abuse in an orderly manner and without the use of force." THE FIVE SOCIALISTS RETURN AND DEPART A NOTHER chapter has been added to one of the most dramatic incidents in recent American political history. On September 20 the five Socialists expelled from the New York State Legislature at the instance of Speaker Sweet again took their seats in that august, if reactionary, body. A day later they were again out on the street. The story can be briefly told. Governor Smith called a special session of the Legislature to consider the housing problem in New York State. On the ground that it would be contrary to every principle of justice to leave five Assembly districts in New York City without representation at this session, he also called a special election to fill the five vacancies. The expelled Socialists stood for re-election and were tri |