Undercliff, Isle of Wight, view and cha-
racteristics of, 391, 392.
Under-currents, 365-367.
Undulation, valleys of, illustrated, 630.
Undulatory movement of the Swiss and
Italian lakes, 320.
United States, rain-falls in the, 469, 470.
474; climate of the, 494. 496, 497;
boulders of the, 761, et al.; soft springs
of, 777, 778
Unities, various, of the solar system, 104.
Unity of the human race, 605. 607. 609.
Universe, the physical, has no limits
known to man, 48.
Unstratified rocks, 408; are of igneous
origin, 625; compose the bulk of the
earth's crust, 635.
Upheavings of the ancient world, 629, et
al.; of unstratified through stratifled
rocks, illustrated, 631.
Ural river, 317; mountains, gold found
in the, 634.
Uralian mountains, 649.
Urameah, great lake of, 313, 314.
Uranus, or Herschel, the planet, its dis-
tance from the sun, 101; when first
observed, 101; length of its day and
year, 101; has six satellites, their ano-
malous movements, 101; amount of
light and heat received by, 102; nei-
ther the Earth nor Mars is visible to
the Uranians, 102; area and solid con-
tents of, 102; inclination of, to the
earth, 104; density of, 106.
Vadinean lake, now Lago di Bassaniello,
Valais, canton of the, adventure of one
of its shepherds, 411; crétins of the
Lower, 459; climate of, 489, 490.
Valleys and great levels of the earth,
215-238; valleys, divers, 219, 220; how
formed, 629; of elevation and undula-
tion illustrated, 630.
Valparaiso, elevation of the coast at,
406; the wild potato indigenous in,
568.
Van, Lake, 314.
Variable stars.
Varieties of the human species accounted
for, 598, et seq.
Vegetable matter, fossiliferous, 637;
illustration of, 638; tribes, 546-571;
cultivated, and fruits, account of the
introduction of various, 567-569; car-
bonate of lime enters into the compo-
sition of, 624.
Vegetation, luxuriant, of the tropics, 553,
554; of equinoctial America, 555-557.
585; not indispensable for the subsist-
ence of large animals, 585, 586.
Veins in strata, 632; illustrations of gra-
nitic, 633; metallic, 633, 634. 649.
Velocity, mean, of the planets in their
orbits, 64.
Venus, the planet, 64; her distance from
the sun, 64.67; is a morning and even.
ing star, 66; was once called Hesperus
and Vesper, also Phosphorus and Lu-
cifer, 66; her periodical revolution, 67;
her size, 67; is sometimes crescent and
decrescent to the view, 67; diagram of
her phases, 67; transits the sun's disc,
68; her future transits indicated, 68,
69; her supposed physical constitution,
69; superficial appearances, 69; inclina-
tion of, to the earth, 104; density of,
Verte, the Aiguille, 648.
Vesta, the asteroid or planet, 91.
Vesuvius, Mount, 212, 213. 410. 423-430.
444, 445; view of, from Elmo, 445;
snow on, 476; plants in the crater of,
547; eruption of, in 1790, 654; erup-
tions of, 779, 780.
Via Lactea. See Milky Way.
Vienna built on tertiary strata, 739.
Vince, Professor, 169; atmospheric phe-
nomena seen by, 537, 538.
Vincent, St., volcanic eruption in that
island, 441; Scotch skipper's adven-
turous voyage to, 441, 442; huge ser-
pent drifted to, and negroes in, 608.
Vines, region of, 491. 500. 505; original
countries of, 568.
Virgil mentions shooting-stars, 130; and
Orion, 154; cited, 464. 467, 468. 508,
509. 690.
Vitality, tenacious, of plant seeds, 569,
570.
Vögel-bergs, or bird-rocks, 580.
Volant, view of basaltic rocks on the
river, 626.
Volcanic rocks, 655, 656.
Volcano, origin of the term, 209. 433;
peculiarities of a, 209; list of volcanos,
by Professor Jamieson, 210; account
of a huge volcano in Hawaii, 210; and
of another in Sumbawa, 210, 211; vol-
canoes in South America, 211; Coto-
paxi, description and view of, 211;
volcanoes, various chains of, 212;
Italian and other volcanoes, 212; re-
flections, 213, 214; volcanoes of Jo-
rullo, 239, 240. 246; of Etna, 240,
426; changes caused by, 423-435;
by Vesuvius, 423-425; Skaptar
Yokul, 425, 426; Roman, 427; in Au-
vergne, 427-429; at Catecucaumene,
429, 430; phenomena of, 654; erupted
matter of volcanoes, 778-782.
Volga, the seventy mouths of the river,
302; its source, 312.
Volney, M., his account of the Simoom
in Egypt, 447, 448.
Vosges mountains, situation and geology
of the, 708, 709.
Volta, M., 30; his theory of hail, 478.
Vulcanists, the followers of Hutton, 618.
Wacke, a species of basalt, 653.
Wales, slate rocks of, illustrated, 630;
geology of, 662, et al.
Wallis, Captain. 385.
-, Dr., surmised the true causes of
tides, 352.
Ward, Dr., 713.
Warm regions, climate of, 505.
Washington, crumbling stone of the
capitol at, 620.
Water, its different states, 259; amount
of, discharged by the principal rivers
in the world, 303; colour of lake, 322.
331; of oceanic, 330-332: movement
of sea, 349; action of frozen. 408;
amount of rain annually falling in
Britain, 462; is formed of oxygen and
hydrogen, 622.
Waterloo Bridge, its two granites, 644.
Waters, collective, of the globe, divided
into the northern, western, and south-
eastern basins, 197.
Waterspouts, account of, with an illus-
tration, 457, 458.
Watson, Rev J., 451.
Watt, Mr. Gregory, 627.
Waves, how formed, 349; their charac-
teristics, 349, 350; height of, 369.
Wealden clays, perfect fossil shells found
in, 639; oolitic group,718. 724. 728,729.
Weaver, salt rocks near the river, 712.
Weeding well, Derbyshire, 268.
Weight of various quadrupeds, 584.
Wells, Dr., his theory of dews, 480, 481.
Welsh lakes, characteristics of the, 324,
325.
Wenlock group of Silurians, 675; corals,
678.
Werner of Freiberg, the illustrious
founder of modern geology, 617, 618:
his Neptunian theory, 618; arrange-
ment of, and Lehman's, 648.
West Indies, hurricanes in the, 453-455.
Westmannsharn in the Faroe islands, ex-
traordinary bird colony at, 580, 581.
Westminster Hall, stone of, 711.
Westphal and Hoffman, their account of
the site of Rome, 427.
Wetter, Lake, 320.
Weymouth, burning hill at, 719.
Whale fishery, losses and perils of the,
340. 344, 345.
Whale tribes, the, 578.
Wheat grown from grains found in
Egyptian sepulchres, 570.
Whichwood forest, 724.
Whinstones, 652.
Whitby abbey, view of, 386; its founda-
tion and position, 394; ammonites
found near, 617. 720; burning cliff at,
719; lias of, 720; strata near, 727.
White mountain in the Alleghanies, view
of the, 419.
Wight, geology of the isle of, 738.742.
774, et al.
Wildness of birds instinctive, 582.
Wilkes, Charles, an American explorer,
his researches, 196. 269. 380, 381.
Wilkinson, Sir Gardner, 308.
Will-o'-the-wisp. See Ignis Fatuus.
Willeys, family of the, killed by a land-
slip, 420, 421.
-, Rev. John, 455.
Willoughby and Ray, their theory of the
ignis fatuus, 543.
Wilson, Sir Robert, 479.
Winandermere, and other English lakes,
310.
Winch, Mr. N. Y., his coal statistics, 697.
Wind, table of the velocity of the, 437.
Winds, influence tides, 293. 357; are of
three kinds, permanent, periodical, and
variable (see Atmosphere); of Great
Britain, tables of prevailing, 459. 460;
influence evaporation, 462; the, affect
temperature, 496; also distribution of
animals, 592.
Winifred, well of St., account and view
of, 264, 265.
Winters, severe, in England, 498; chro-
nological list of, in various regions,
509-513.
Witham, Mr., 706.
Wolf, the, 592.
Wollaston, Dr., 164, 165. 543.
Women, complexions of, 599, 601.
World, one of the smallest provinces in
the great empire of nature, 2; chart of
the, 195.
Wrath, Cape, 658, 659 681.
Wrekin, hill of the, 680.
Wye, contorted strata of the river, 627;
gorge of the, 630.
Xanthous, or fair-haired races of men,
599.
Yellow Sea, the, 371.
Yokuls of Iceland, 207.
York minster, stone of, 711.
Yorkshire, chalk of, 734, 735; peat of,
769; sea-beach of, 773.
Young, Dr., 727.
Zamang del Guayre, the famous tree,
Zante, bituminising springs in the island
of, 275.
Zig-zag lamination in strata, 625.
Zimmerman, 588.
Zodiac, the, an imaginary zone or girdle
in the heavens, origin of the signs of
the, 5. 143; list of constellations in the,
148, 149; Aries, 149, 150; Taurus,
Gemini, Cancer, 150; Leo, Virgo,
Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capri-
cornus, 151, 152; Aquarius and Pisces,
Zones of the globe, amount and relative
proportion of land in the several, 196;
tables of plants found in the various,
551; torrid zone, vegetation in the,
553; insect life in, 573; human food in
the various, 597.
Zoophytes, or plant animals, 572; fossil,
637.
Zug, Lake of, 408, 409.
Zuider Zee, the, 390.
SPOTTISWOODE and SHAW,
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