The Logic of Scientific Discovery

a₁ absolute probability accepted appendix argument assertion assume assumption atomic atomic statements axiom system basic statements believe Bernoulli's theorem binomial formula Boolean Boolean algebra calculus of probability called Carnap chance-like concept construct contradict criticism deduced defined definition degree of confirmation degree of corroboration degree of falsifiability derived discussed Einstein elements equal Erkenntnis example fact finite formula frequency theory given Heisenberg hypothesis idea imaginary experiment independence inductivist infinite initial conditions interpretation logical probability mathematical means measure ments metaphysical method momentum multiplication theorem n-tuple objective observation obtain occur p(ab particle physical position possible Postscript postulate precision predictions probability statements probability theory problem problem of induction protocol sentences quantum theory question refute relative frequencies result rule S₁ satisfied scientific segments sense sequence simplicity singular statements statistical tautology tests theory of probability universal statements zero