Nothing, therefore, but defenfive and not offenfive measures are to be expected against whoever it may be, beyond the frontiers of the States of the Elector, and the Circle of Upper Saxony, of which his Highnefs is the Director.

Drefden, July 26.

Declaration of the Sweedifh Ambaffador to the Citizen Minifter for
Foreign Affairs.
Paris, August 2, 1796.

"Citizen Minifter,

"IT

T is by the exprefs order of my Court, that I have the honour to renew my former remonttrances with the Directory, refpecting the admiflion of M. de Rehaufen, in the quality of a Charge d'Affans of his Majefty with the Republic.

"On inviting you, Citizen Minister, to re-consider a measure so conformable to the good understanding which fubfifts between the two Countries, I request you to allow me to make some obfervations, which I fubmit to the Directory.

"The confidence which friendly and allied Powers owe to one another, and the mutual regard attending it, have always indiscriminately been bestowed on the perfon chofen by his Sovereign to represent him, and are even in!eparable from this Representative.

"And yet both have been difowned in the perfon of M. de Rehauser. His private opinions can the lefs give umbrage to Government, as he certainly would facrifice them in the execution of his functions, if they were atually contrary to the inftructions he might receive; and if either in his conduct or expreffions, he fhould offend the treaty fubfifting between Sweden and France, and caufe a misunderstanding between the two Governments, it would then alone become necellary that he fhould be recalled. But as a cafe like this does not exilt, his private opinions can by no means be confidered as juft motives of exclusion; and his non admiflion constitutes, of courfe, lefs a perfonal infult offered to Mr. Rehaufen, than a want of regard for his Sovereign.

“I must alfo obferve, that M. de Rehaufen, being then at Paris, was appointed to manage ad interim the affairs of Sweden, at a period when a rupture with Ruilia was hourly expected, and when the Sweedith Amballador to that Court was on the point of quitting his poft. His ap pointment could, therefore, not be influenced by the Empress of Ruffa; to whom, belides, he is entirely unknown.

"It is for thefe reafons, Citizen Minifter, that the non-admillion of M. de Kehaufen in his public character, as it cannot be attributed to any thing which concerns his perfon, feems evidently to announce an intention of d fobliging, in the fight of all Europe, the most ancient friends of France. I forbear to announce a more decisive supposition, which more ftrongly militates against the known fentiments and refpective interefls of the Swedish and French Nations. And yet the enemies of the two Countries cannot but fee, with pleasure, a difunion, of which the French Republic feems to give the signal.

"I have it in command to declare, that, if M. de Rehaufen fhould not be acknowledged, his Majefty will be obliged, for the prefervation of his dignity, to ufe reprifals against Citizen Perrochel. This indifpenfable meature fhall, however, by no means influence the defire which his Majefty will ever feel, not only to continue, but to ftrengthen, the ties of friend thip and good understanding, which fhould never be troubied between the two Powers.

(Signed)

"E. W. STAEL de HOLSTEIN.” Proclamation

Proclamation, by His Imperial Majefty.

"We Francis II. &c. &c.

IV

enemy,
'N the prefent moment, when a coincidence of the most unexpected

redoubled care to afford affitance to our States menaced in this manner,
we find this our refolution ftrengthened by confidering that Providence
has put us at the head of a nation which has given us, on every occafion,
the most effectual proofs to the greatness of their zeal to fupport the
measures taken for the defence of their country, of their laws, which
render them happy, and of a Prince who returns to their fidelity a love
for every individual.

"Though fear, and perhaps intentional reports, magnify the danger more than it in reality is, and prefent it as near at hand, we must not conceal from our faithful fubjects that the fituation of affairs is preffing, and does not allow us to remain fatisfied with ordinary measures, but imposes on us, and all those who wish to fee the welfare of the State fecure, more than extraordinary exertions.

"Much as the long duration of a war, carried on under fo many changes of fortune, has affected the ability of the nation, yet the reThough fources of fo powerful a state are far from being exhausted. government continues to refrain with abhorrence from the violent meafures which our enemies employ for the fuppreffion of our fellow-citizens and the destruction of Europe, countries fo well populated, fo fertile, and enriched by nature and industry, ftill offer innumerable means of defence, by employing which we would find ourfelves enabled to meet every danger. But we truft in the justice of our caufe, and in the protection of the Almighty, who regards that juftice, that the moment will not arrive, in which the nation will be forced to have recourse to the most extraordinary means.

"In this perfuafion, we shall always confine ourselves only to the measure of calling to arms those who are otherwife, agreeably to the military fyftem, exempt from military fervice; including alfo all foreigners who have not acquired the rights of Citizenship in the Austrian At the fame time we prodominions by refiding in them for ten years.

mife to all thofe who fhall willingly follow this our call, and who shall offer to their Municipalities to ferve in the army:-1ft. That as soon as ever we shall have fecured to the nation, agreeably to our wifh and defire, an honourable and permanent peace, they shall be difmiffed at the termination of the war. 2d. That, during the war they shall be treated as volunteers.-3d. That they fhall be at liberty, agreeably to their abili ties and capacity, to chufe and name the regiment in which they wish to ferve; and that, 4th, as a juft recompence, on their return home, every poffible affiftance fhall be given to them in their employments and fettling; and that, on all occafions, they fhall be preferred.

"Though we can promife ourselves the principal operation of this proclamation, from the unequivocal fentiments of our faithful fubje&s, yet we think it our duty to imprefs into their minds, that, in following willingly this honourable call of their country, they likewife protect their families and private property; and that if, on the contrary, they fhould neglect to join us for the general fecurity, they would be forced, in cafe of unfortunate events, to carry parricidal arms again't their native land, and, as abufed organs of the enemy, to promote the ruin of public order, the deftruction of their fellow-citizens, and of their famiLies, and to affift in the common deftruction.

"Behold the ftill fmoaking ruins of Italy, and the exceffes and moft inhuman cruelties committed there! Behold the devaftation which the Once flourishing territories of Germany have fuffered, inundated by the

armies

armies of the enemy; and you cannot remain dubious about the terrible fate which threatens every country, and every nation on being invaded by fuch enemies.

Done at Vienna, the 11th of August, 1796.

Berlin, Aug.13.

Yesterday the following Royal Edict was published in this capital. Frederick William, &c.

E have ordered our Miniftry to intimate to Caillard, Minifter of permit thofe French Citizens who refide in our dominions as temporary fubjects, poffeffing real claims on the French national protection, and who wish to preferve thete claims, to have their names entered in a regifter to be opened for that purpofe at the faid Minifter's, provided, however, that all fuch individuals fhall continue as our temporary fubjects, to be governed by our laws and ordinances, and judged by our tribunals, and fhall in no refpect whatever claim any immunities, founded in the law of nations, which only can belong to the Envoy and fuch perfons as actually are attached to the Embaffy. We have further ordered the faid Caillard to be informed, that French Citizens, falling under the above defcription, fhall not be prohibited from wearing the national cockade in our dominions; the wearing of which is, however, hereby ftrictly interdicted to all other perfons refiding in our domin ons. From hence follows, first, That the faid national cockade can be worn by fuch individuals only, befides the Envoy and perfons attached to the Embaffy, as are French Citizens in the above determined fense of the term. Secondly, That fuch French Citizens only poffefs the right of having their names entered in the before-mentioned register; which regiftering, however, is to have no effect but with respect to their relation with France, and by no means exempts them from our jurisdiction, laws and ordinances, to which they continue to be fubjected in their quality of temporary fubjects. Thirdly, That neither fuch individuals as belong to the French Colonies established in our dominions, nor any Frenchmen actually in our civil or military fervice, nor any others who are to be confidered as our perpetual subjects, shall be allowed to enter their names in the above register, or to wear the national cockade."

Official Copy of the offenfive and defenfive Treaty of Alliance between France and Spain.

THE

HE Executive Directory of the French Republic and his Catholic MaMajesty the King of Spain, animated by a wish to ftrengthen the bonds of amity and good understanding, happily re-established between France and Spain, by the treaty of Peace concluded at Bafle, on the 4th Thermidor, and the third year of the Republic (July 22, 1795,) have refolved to form an offenfive and defenfive treaty of alliance, for whatever concerns the advantages and common defence of the two nations; and they have charged with this important negotiation, and have given their full powers to the undermentioned perfons, namely, the Executive Directory of the French Republic to Citizen Dominique Catherine Perignan, General of Divifion of the Armies of the Republic, and its Ambailador to his Catholic Majefty the King of Spain; and his Catholic Majefty the King of Spain to his Excellency Don Manuel de Godoi, Prince of Peace, Duke of Alcudia, &c. &c. &c. Who, after the relpective communication and exchange of their full powers, have agreed on the following articles:

Article L.

Article I. There fhall exift for ever an Offensive and Defenfive Alliance between the French Republic and his Catholic Majesty the King of Spain.

II. The two contracting powers shall be mutual guarantees, without any referve or exception, in the most authentic and abfolute way, of all the ftates, territories, iflands, and places, which they poffefs, and fhall refpectively poffefs. And if one of the two powers fhall be in the fequel, under whatever pretext it may be, menaced or attacked, the o her promifes, engages, and binds itself to help it with its good offices, and to fuccour it on its requifition, as fhall be ftipulated in the following articles.

III. Within the fpace of three months, reckoning from the moment of the r quifition, the power called on fhall hold in readiness, and place in the difpofal of the power calling, 15 hips of the line, three of which fhall be three deckers, or of 80 guns, twelve of from 70 to 72, fix fr gates of a proportionate force, and four floops or light vetfels, all equipped, armed, and victualled for fix months, and ftored for a year. These naval forces fhall be affembled by the power called on in the particular port pointed our by the power calling.

IV. In cafe the requiring power may have judged it proper for the commencement of hoftilities, to confine to the one half the fuccour which was to have been given in execution of the preceding article, it may, at any epoch of the campaign, call for the other half of the aforefaid fuccour, which fhall be furnished in the mode and within the fpace fixed. This fpace of time to be reckoned from the new requifition.

V. The power called on fhall in the fame way place at the difpofal of the requiring power, within the space of three months, reckoning from the moment of the requifition, eighteen thousand infantry, and fix thousand cavalry, with a proportionate train of artillery to be readily employed in Europe, and for the defence of the colonies which the contracting powers poffefs in the Gulf of Mexico.

VI. The requiring power fhall be allowed to fend one, or feveral Commiffioners, for the purpofe of affuring itself, whether conformably to the preceding articles, the power called on has put itfelf in a ftate to commence hoftilities on the day fixed, with the land and fea forces.

VII, Thefe fuccours fhall be entirely placed at the difpofal of the requiring power, which may leave them in the ports and on the territory of the power called on, or employ them in expeditions it may think fit to undertake, without being obliged to give an account of the motives by which it may have been determined.

VIII. The demand of the fuccours ftipulated in the preceding articles made by one of the powers, fhall fuffice to prove the need it has of them, and shall bind the other power to difpofe of them, without its being neceffary to enter into any difcuffion relative to the question, whether the war it propofes be offensive or defenfive; or without any explanation being required which may tend to elude the most speedy and exact accomplishment of what is ftipulated.

IX. The troops and fhips demanded fhall continue at the difpofal of the requiring power, during the whole duration of the war, without its incurring in any cafe any expence. The power called on fhall maintain them in all places where its ally fhall caufe them to act, as if it employed them directly for itfelf. It is fimply agreed on, that during the whole of the time when the aforefaid troops or fhips fhall be on the territory or in the ports of the requiring power, it fhall furnish them from its magazines or arfenals whatever may be neceffary to them, in the fame way, and at the fame price, as it fupplies its own troops and hips.

C

X. The

X. The power called on fhall immediately replace the fhips it furnithes, which may be loft by accident of war or of the fea. It fhall also repair the loffes the troops it fupplies may fuffer.

XI. If the aforefaid fuccours are found to be, or fhall become inflificient, the two contracting powers fhall put on foot the greatest force they poffibly can, as well by fea as by land, against the enemy of the power attacked, which fhall employ the aforefaid forces, either by combining them, or by causing them to act feparately, and this conformably to a plan concerted between them.

XII. The fuccours ftipulated by the preceding articles, fhall be furnifhed in all the wars the contracting powers may have to maintain, even in those in which the party called on may not be directly interested, and may act merely as a fimple auxiliary.

XIII. In the cafe in which the motives of hoftilities being prejudicial to both parties, they may declare war with one common affent againft one or feveral powers, the limitations established in the preceding articles fhall ceafe to take place, and the two contracting powers thalf be bound to bring into action against the common enemy, the whole of their land and fea forces, and to concert their plans fo as to direct them towards the moft convenient points, either feparately or by uniting them. They equally bind themselves, in the cafes pointed out in the prefent article, not to treat for peace unlefs with one common confent, and in fuch a way as that each fhall obtain the fatisfaction which is its due.

XIV. In the cafe in which one of the powers, fhall act merely as an auxiliary, the power which alone fhall find itfelf attacked may treat of peace feparately, but fo as that no prejudice may refult from thence to the auxiliary power, and that it may even turn as much as poffible to its direct advantage. For this purpofe advice fhall be given to the auxiliary power of the mode and time agreed on for the opening and fequel of the negotiations.

XV. Without any delay there fhall be concluded a treaty of commerce on the most equitable bans and reciprocally advantageous to the two nations, which shall fecure to each of them, with its Ally, a marked preference for the productions of its foil, and manufactures, and at the leaft advantages equal to thofe which the most favoured nations enjoy in their respective States. The two Powers engage to make inftantly a common caufe to reprefs and annihilate the maxims adopted by any country whatever, which may be fubverfive of their prefent principles, and which may bring into danger the fafety of the neutral flag, and the refpect which is due to it, as well as to raife and re-establish the Colonial fyltem of Spain, on the footing on which it has fubfifted or ought to fubfift conformably to treaties.

XVI. The character and jurifdiction of the confuls fhall be at the fame time recognized and regulated by a particular convention.-Thote anterior to the prefent treaty fhall be provifionally executed.

XVII. To avoid every difpute between the two powers, they fhall be bound to employ themselves immediately and without delay, in the explanation and developement of the VIIth Article of the treaty of Bafle, concerning the frontiers, conformable to the inftructions, plans, and memoirs which fhall be communicated through the medium of the Plenipotentiaries who negotiate the prefent Treaty.

XVIII. England being the only power against which Spain has direct griev ances, the prefent alliance shall not be executed unless against her during the present war; and Spain shall remain neuter with respect to the other powers armed against the Republic.

XIX. The