spirit of philology (as I conceive it), to (Cow),' a folio vellum MS. in the R.I. reduce all our spelling to the particular Academy, Dawson Street, Dublin, and the canons of which he may happen to approve. earliest non-ecclesiastical codex in Ireland, I trust that it will be long before President Roosevelt assumes the editorial chair!

nesse loseth his morsell," and "Q. Mary said before her death, that if they opened her, they should find Callis in her heart." A "Digression touching rash onsets and bravados" leads to a rebuke of "Sir R. Greenfield," called "Greenvill" in the note, for his inconsiderate bravery in a matter of which the world has heard much. His refusal to yield, though "beaten to fitters," was "a right antient Roman resolution, but somewhat too much varying from the true Christian Religion to draw a violent and sudden death on so many soules, for the better gracing of his particular errour."

66

more

Criticism is, however, deprecated when it takes the form of various inquiries as to why this and that was not done in the voyage to Cadiz, and is answered with "our common English proverbe...... which is: That one foole may aske moe questions can well in one hour, than ten discreete men answere in five days." In "moe" the Elizabethan "well scholar will recognize a form of attested in Shakespeare. "Hapned" is a form of spelling which will appeal to some by its brevity. London brewers are rebuked for "the careless brewing, as for the unseasonable stinking caske which they deliver, a fault much used among them, and too much tolerated, considering the infinite rate and gaines they make of selling Thames water, beyond all good order and proportions." In those days, it may be noted, there was an official the Ale-conner of the Ward, who looked to the sound ness of liquor, on land at any rate. We do not now swallow Thames water with all its impurities, but the quality of "firewater" presented to the poor is one of the disgraces of the day. We are not so far ahead of the Elizabethans, who had good rules for sanitation, though they did not keep them, just as some regulations to-day are notoriously in abeyance.

The classical tinge of these narratives is certainly out of date; and our historians no longer adorn moral warnings by a reference to Hannibal's Capua or Paulus Æmilius. Epigram has taken the place of instruction. No one, however, can accuse these

Elizabethans of dullness.

66

Poems of Tennyson. Selected, and with an Intro-
duction by H. J. C. Grierson. (Jack.)
THIS book belongs to the series of "The Golden
Poets," which in its excellent print and general
get-up should attract the modern public, which
apparently dotes on anthologies and selections of
all kinds. The man of taste prefers to make his
own selection, but the busy public may claim that
it has not time to get through that study of poetry
which alone entitles a reader with natural taste to
decide what is excellent and what is not. This
series has so far been edited by competent judges of
poetry, and it is for this reason, rather than for the
coloured illustrations it supplies, that we can com-
mend it to the large body of readers who only
know Tennyson, perhaps, in one or two poems
which are recommended by their sentiment rather
than their merit.

The Gentleman's Magazine for June reaches us
later than the rest of the magazines. We notice at
the outset that it has more female than male con-
tributors, but none of their articles is really notable.
Lewis Melville, writing on 'George III. and Hannah
Lightfoot,' has relied on the discoveries of our editor
of former' days, W. J. Thoms. There is, however,
no sound basis for supposing a marriage, the scanda-
lous sources of information being of about the same
authority as the late Historia Augusta' concern-
ing the Roman emperors. Some Aspects of the
Devil in English Dramatic Literature' is an in-
teresting study. In Leisure's Miscellany Mr.
H. C. Minchin draws on twenty-one stout volumes
of commonplace books by an anonymous compiler
who was apparently an Irishman.The Herbs of
Good St. John,' by Maud E. Sargent, is a pleasant
incursion into the realm of plant-lore and super-
stition. The name of "Adam's flannel" for the
mullein is new to us, and expressive. Charcoal
Burning is an illustrated article of an ancient
craft which still lingers. The Retrospective Re-
view' is devoted to Peacham's 'Compleat Gentle-
man,' which was recently reprinted by the Clarendon
Press, and fully deserved resuscitation. The 'Note-
book has found an amusing subject in the numbers
from 1780 to 1783 of The Lady's Magazine. We
read of the fashions of a bygone day, now rather
mysterious in some details of dress; of the evil
influence of amatory novels (which are abundantly
provided to-day for the fair reader); and of a
gentleman who at the age of 104 married in 1783 a
lady of 19. We find that the usual obituary of the
month no longer appears in this number. Notices
of various learned societies and institutes are given,
which prove pretty dull reading. Are not these
records sufficiently accessible already in other
publications?
and

A Spaniard who talked to Sir Arthur Gorges sneered at the English for taking soundings. His nation went by the heavens, the sun, stars, the use of art and instruments; whereas the English searched under water, being obliged to scrape with Lead and Tallow to the bottome for Bankes, Sands and Shelves, as if you would rake Hell for instructions; to find out the Channell, which you call the Sleeve, and yet for all your soundings, are oftentimes mistaken." Sir A. Gorges was equal to the occasion, and said something about "sounding Spanish Pockets" as well as the English Sleeve. This little debate will show the racy character of much of the book. It ends with fulsome praise of King James, who "hath rooted out the wonted barbarisme of Borderers, of Scottish Feuds, of English Duells, of Irish Bogges," and, being a most undeniable and long-winded pedant, does not confine himself to apophthegme-flashes," but is "a Miracle and Oracle" in "polemicall, politicall, problematicall, apocalypticall, positive Theology much else. He is, however, not fond of tobacco, and so his admirer expects from Virginia better commodities than the fragrant weed, keeping, indeed, judiciously clear of discussion as to that source of comfort.

The edition includes reproductions of Hondius his Map of England' and another of Great Britain,

THE latest number of Folk-lore contains the eighth part of Mr. Cook's monograph on the European sky-god, followed by an account of the powers of evil in Jerusalem, by Mrs. H. H. Spoer. Among the reviews is one dealing with 'L'Année Sociologique,' which contains a summary of the social This paper will attract habits of the Eskimo.

every one who is interested in the development of mankind in abnormal surroundings. Though, judged by the standards and by the narrow sympathies of Europeans, the little people of the far North are wallowing in grossness, it appears that, when uncontaminated by the brutality of white men, they are gentle, affectionate, gay, and happy; "Theft is almost unknown, though it must be said that opportunities of theft are equally absent. Adultery (in the Eskimo sense of the word) is likewise unknown. Moreover, as within a clan, there is no blood-feud, even when homicide is committed......Evil magic is of course condemned, and punished, even by death," which may lead to tragedy when the angakok, or wizard, who investigates the case, makes a mistake, with the result that there is a miscarriage of justice.

Jamaican Song and Story, collected and edited by Walter Jekyll, is one of the publications of the Folk-lore Society, and well deserves to be given to the world. Mr. Jekyll has evidently an affection for the merry-hearted if irresponsible negroes whose tales and tunes he now hands over to the erudite commentary of grave and anxious civilization. "The book as a whole," he says, "is a tribute to my love for Jamaica and its dusky inhabitants, with their winning ways and their many good qualities, among which is to be reckoned that supreme virtue, cheerfulness."

First in the collection stand the Annancy stories. "Mr. Annancy" is properly a spider, that is, he was one originally in his old Gold Coast home, but in Jamaica he has become a strange legendary being, whose chief characteristics are trickery, laziness, thievish voracity, and callousness. Like Reynard the Fox, and the wily "Thiefie" who was once evolved by the mischief-loving inhabitants of a certain strictly governed English nursery, he has a superficial camaraderie and quickness of wit which help him to attain his ends; for he is one of those heroes, familiarly known wherever physical power is regarded as oppressive, whose readiness of thought enables him to get the better of clumsy strength. The dialect in which his adventures and those of his fellow-tricksters are related is sometimes very quaint, even when the stories are manifestly of European origin; and there is a childlike simplicity about the tales which makes it easy to accept the belief that negro brains scarcely ever reach the full development normal among white

men.

After the Annancy stories come the digging songs, in which the incidents of daily life or of local gossip are set to a tune and chanted to enliven field-labour. These are followed by the ring tunes and words used in the informal dancing which originated in the ring games of English children. Finally, we are given the dancing tunes proper, with their appropriate words. Jamaican music seems, as was to be expected, reminiscent of European models, but we are told that the decided tendency to short refrains may be African in origin. Mr. Jekyll's book certainly shows us the amiable side of a lighthearted people untroubled by what has been called "the malady of thought."

THE MANORIAL. SOCIETY is about to issue the first of a series of lists of such Manor Court Rolls as are in the possession of private individuals, or in the custody of the stewards of the manors to

which the rolls relate, or in that of corporate bodies, as distinguished from those Court Rolls which are preserved in the Record Office, the British Museum, or other public depositories. It is obvious that the success of such an undertaking will depend, to a great extent, on the loyal support and cordial co-operation of local antiquaries. Any information respecting the existence of Court Rolls, the periods which they cover, and their present custodians, will be gratefully received by the Registrar of the Society (Mr. Charles Greenwood), 1, Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, E.C. The lists will be issued in parts, as such information accumulates, and supplied gratuitously to members of the Society. It is hardly necessary to point out the value of such lists, as they will supplement those which are to be found in the national and other public collections referred to above.

MR. WARWICK WROTH has a new book in hand which will supplement his London Pleasure Gardens of the Eighteenth Century,' entitled Cremorne, and the later London Pleasure Gardens.' It will give an account of some of the more notable taverns and tea gardens which were popular during the early part of the last century, in various parts of London and the suburbs. The work will contain much information derived from forgotten newspapers and stray handbills, and will be illustrated by many curious views, plans, scenes, and facsimiles. It will be published by Mr. Elliot Stock.

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