afterwards was lent, and was never returned. "O Sinner! I come by Heaven's decree, "Ah, ghastly Death! but thou look'st pale, O Death! have mercy on my age, Who rose triumphant from the grave, ST. EDITH (10 S. vi. 29, 70, 91, 116, 513). -There need be no difficulty in consulting the metrical life of St. Edith. The legend The title has been reprinted since 1851. is "St. Editha, sive Chronicon Vilodunense, herausgegeben von C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1883." The extracts quoted are AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S. obviously garbled and modernized. vi. 489). The maiden's delight, the chaperon's fear. I regret not being able to give the reference asked for by SIR AFFABLE, and perhaps the generally accepted authorship at the time George Whyte-Melville and I used to meet in the Vale of White Horse may be considered too sketchy to warrant my having given the name of my friend as the author. HAROLD MALET, Col. With respect to the question raised by SIR AFFABLE and the editorial note thereon, I may say that the lines appear as follows in chap. ii. of Whyte-Melville's novel 'Good for Nothing': The damsel's delight and the chaperone's fear, He is voted a trump amongst men ; His father allows him two hundred a year, And he'll lay you a thousand to ten. The novelist is moralizing on fast young men, and speaks of these lines as being "the modern satirist's description of a promising young man.' Whyte-Melville would surely not refer to himself in this way, and I should consider it very improbable that he was their author. JOHN T. PAGE. As to the author of the lines on clouds with silver linings, I may say that the quotation, though incorrectly given, comes from 'Verses, Wise or Otherwise,' by Ellen Our Anglo-Saxon heroes and saints are only known by name as recorded in vile and misleading spellings, due to the inSt. "Editha genuity of Norman scribes. would not have recognized her own name in such an absurd form; for her name was Eadgyth," with long ea and long y, both parts being intelligible. Here ead meant prosperity," and gyth probably meant war. The suffix -gyth is extremely common in the latter part of a name; but the Normans ignored the g in such a position. 66 WALTER W. SKEAT. ROOSEVELT: ITS PRONUNCIATION (10 S. vi. 368).-President Roosevelt's name is pronounced in three syllables, accented on the first, where oo is like o long and the s has the sound of z, as in rose-the e of the second syllable being very short and lightly touched, or nearly like the sound of u in but. M. C. L. 66 66 nymic van dropped. The pronunciation most frequently heard is "Rosevelt," but the editor of one of the principal papers here informs me that in higher circles it is better rendered as a word of three syllables, Roos-eh-velt," which approximates closely to its sound in present-day Dutch, i.e. Roosafelt. Other eminent men of the clan are Nicholas J. Roosevelt, the engineer who invented the steamboat paddle-wheel, and partner of the celebrated Robert Fulton; and Robert Burnwell Roosevelt, author of 'The Game Birds of America,' &c., an uncle of the President. N. W. HILL. Philadelphia. THE AINSTY OF York (10 S. vi. 462, 511). -The explanation of ainsty given by PROF. SKEAT at the latter reference is identical with that given by me in N. & Q.' on 11 July, 1904, when I said (10 S. ii. 97) :— "The word with which we have to do is A.-S. ünstig, O. N. einstigi, Norwegian einstig, a single or one-by-one path, like the Northern dialectal bridlesty, a road wide enough for one horse or carriage.' The reference to this note is given by MR. MACMICHAEL, but PROF. SKEAT overlooks it, and says: "The sense of Anstey, in Herts, is perfectly well known, and was explained two years ago in my PlaceNames of Herts.' The meaning of The Ainsty of York " was, at any rate, explained by me at an earlier time. My explanation was founded on a passage which I quoted from the Hundred Rolls,' where the Aynesty of York is mentioned as having anciently been via regia. S. O. ADDY. CALIFORNIAN ENGLISH: AMERICAN COINNAMES (10 S. vi. 381).—I have no personal knowledge of San Franciscan speech, and am not concerned to apologize for it; but I may correct or supplement MR. DOUGLAS OWEN's remarks on one or two matters of fact. No doubt the colloquial application to a person of the adjective husky came about, as suggested, by transference from the name of the lusty sledge-dogs of the North, but the dog-name husky does not pertain merely to the leader of the team, as MR. OWEN supposes, though naturally the strongest and most capable dog is selected for this office; it describes the breed. They are Eskimo dogs, Eskimos, shortened to Eskies, and corrupted to Huskies-and they were so called in the early days of Hudson Bay Company travel. Again, referring to prices, MR. OWEN speaks of a "bit, an imaginary coin of 12 cents," adding, "If such a coin as a bit ever existed here, it is beyond the memory of the elderly." This coin is not at all imaginary, though it is no longer in circulation and was not of United States coinage. When it is recalled that, practically, national coinage did not begin till 1795, and that the amount of its issue met the people's needs very inadequately for a long time, it will be understood why, during the first half of the last century, the Spanish-American coins that had been in use during colonial days were quite as abundant as the national coins, and were considered legal tender. These were the dollar (once the " piece of eight ") and four smaller coins, representing its aliquot parts from one-half to one-sixteenth. The one representing one-eighth of a dollar, or 12 cents-the real or so-called Mexican shilling to my childhood as was the dime, and so, -was fully as familiar too, was the half-real, as a sixpence, Some years ago, in examining letters left by a relative, I noticed that there were many, dated in the early forties, the postageof which was marked at 183 cents, an amount impossible to pay in national coins. 66 This Mexican real was current everywhere at the value of 12 cents, but it had different names in different States, the name usually marking its proportion of the value of the shilling of such State-the money of account by which people continued to reckon longafter the adoption of the decimal system. In New York, e.g., where eight shillings. were counted to a dollar, it was a " shilling," but in Connecticut, whose shilling of account was 16 cents, it was ninepence"; while in Pennsylvania, with a shilling worth 13 cents, it was an elevenpenny bit,' shortened to levy; and in Georgia, a sevenpenny bit," shortened to bit. The name bit was taken up by most of the Western and Southern States beyond the Mississippi as they were settled. In California, from special circumstances, the coin must have continued in circulation for some years after the San Francisco mint was opened in 1854, and, doubtless because it gives an easy way of reckoning, people still count by it. My reply is so long that I will defer till some possible future time comment upon part of the colloquialisms noted by MR. OWEN. M. C. L. New York City. MR. DOUGLAS OWEN is to be praised as a zealous collector of phrases curiously distressing to the ordinary English native of these days, for in this mustering we catch the index-finger of Time. Yet when one recalls the Hon. J. R. Lowell's charming chapter on pure Americanisms inserted by Brookline, Massachusetts. 6 which was, at that time, an important art centre, and close to the newly founded Royal Academy." Chippendale published The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director,' the same authority adds, "not, as stated in the introduction to the Catalogue to the South Kensington Museum, in 1769, but some years previously, as is testified by a copy of the possession, and bears date 1762, the first edition third edition' of the work, which is in the writer's having appeared in 1754 and the second in 1759." Part of the title-page of the third edition runs as follows:- holster, in St. Martin's Lane, London. Printed "Thomas Chippendale, Cabinet-Maker and Upfor the Author, and sold at his House in St. Martin's Lane; also by T. Becket and P. A. de Hondt in the Strand. M.D.C.C.LXII. The Cabinet-Maker records :- such extraordinary prices was originally an estate Mr. K. Warren Clouston in his Chippendale Period in English Furniture' (1897) remarks: "The Thomas Chippendale who is famous all the world over was born in Worcestershire, but beyond that nothing is known of his personal history. As MR. JOHN HеBB correctly writes, the dates of his birth and death have not been ascertained, but George Smith, Upholsterer to his Majesty," in 1826, alludes to him as the elder Mr. Chippendale," and fixes the sake's death by stating that approximate date of his son and name 66 66 possessing great taste and ability as a draughtsman "Thomas Chippendale (lately deceased), though and designer, was known only to a few." CLIPPINGDALE (10 S. vi. 151, 237, 472).Samuel Dodd Clippingdale, M.R.C.S. in 1834 (who I believe is still living), was the father of the original querist. DR. S. D. CLIPPINGDALE THE YOUNGER has privately The first edition of Chippendale's book printed a very concise and well-certified was published at 31. 13s. 6d., and it confamily history of his people, who are re-tained 160 copperplate illustrations. It markable as having been Middlesex folks was dedicated to Prince William Henry, continuously for three centuries, and for and the second to the Earl of Northumbertheir long association with the Thames. land. HARRY HEMS. Many of the family are buried in a vault at St. Matthias's, Poplar. FRED. HITCHIN-KEMP. 6, Beechfield Road, Catford, S.E. T. CHIPPENDALE, UPHOLSTERER: W. CHIPPENDALE (10 S. vi. 447).-Frederick Litchfield in his History of Furniture' (1892) says: "Thomas Chippendale appears to have succeeded his father-a chairmaker-and to have carried on a large and successful business in St. Martin's Lane, Fair Park, Exeter. Chippendale dwelt at the sign of "The Chair"-probably meaning the Covered Chair" or Sedan " -in St. Martin's Lane, afterwards No. 60, long before 1806. In the advertisement, in 1756, of his second edition of 'The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director,' he desires "All Commissions for Household Furniture, or Drawing thereof, to be sent to the Cabinet and Upholstery Warehouse, at the Chair in St. Martin's From The Universal British Directory,' 1790, vol. i. p. 103: Chippendall [sic] and Co., Upholders, 60, St. Martin's Lane." To this date the name does not occur in Great Queen Street. From Johnstone's London Commercial Guide and Street Directory,' 1817: "Thos. Chippendale, Upholder and Undertaker, 57, Haymarket. "William Chippendale and Robert Chippendale, Jun., Solicitors, 56, Great Queen Street." I cannot trace William Chippendale's connexion with the Royal Circus in either 'Memoirs of J. Decastro,' 1824, or Circusiana,' by J. C. Cross, 1809. ALECK ABRAHAMS. "La Dame Willoughbies Case.-En October anno 38 Reginæ nunc Sir Francis Willoughby Chivaler morust sa feme enseint, sur que Percival Willoughby que avoit espouse l'eigne file Sir Francis, et avoit convey a luy sur son marriage le greinder part des possessions del dit Sir Francis en default de issue male, attempt de suffer common recovery, sur que il entend que le remainder en use limit al primer fits del Sir Francis seroit barre, et issint l'issue en ventre sa mere disherit. La feme Sir Francis sua as Justices et as Seignors del Counsel d'estopper le proceeding del recovery, sur surmise que el fuit enseint, quel fuit grant; sur que Percival fait suggestion en Chancery, que la dame affirm luy d'estre enseint, lou el ne fuit, et per ceo el detain les evidences del terre, et auxi luy estop del re hors del Chamber, et les femes search la dame, et ADMIRAL CHRIST EPITAPH (10 S. vi. 425, 517).—I am much obliged to W. C. B. for his reply to my query. I am also grateful for DR. FORSHAW's notes respecting the epitaph. The reference from Mr. J. Potter Briscoe's Gleanings from God's Acre " had, however, already appeared at 8 S. i. 279. I may add that I made a pretty exhaustive search in Stepney Churchyard for the grave of Capt. John Dunch (ob. 1696) some twelve or fourteen years ago, but failed to find it, so I presume it is not now in evidence. JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. In the churchyard of Malborough, near Kingsbridge, Devon, is a slight variant of the Selby epitaph, on a man, aged fortyseven, who died in 1803, as follows: : Though boisterous winds and Neptune's waves Am Anchored here below In hopes once more for to set sail With trumpets sounding in the air, My General Christ to meet. In the churchyard of East Portlemouth, also near Kingsbridge, is an epitaph of a similar character, on a man, aged eighty-one, who died in 1819: Tho' Boreas' blasts and Neptune's waves Do harbour here below, Both places are very near the sea. Torquay. LADY ARBELLA JOHNSON (10 S. vi. 508). ciendo, quel Termino Pasch, anno 39 Reginæ fuit covery, et per ceo il praya breve de rentre inspi-See 10 S. iv. 227, also the Dict. Nat. Biog." grant Vicounts London, sur que les Vicounts de London repair en person del suddain al meason la dame en Pauls Church-yard vers le Thames, et la ils amesne ove eux un inquest de femes, dont deux fuerunt midwives, et ils veignont en le Chamber la dame, et mistont a luy les femes jurus per eux devant pur searcher, trier, et vray dire s'el fuit enseint; et les Viscounts et touts homes depart under Isaac Johnson, her husband, one of the founders of the State of Massachusetts. She was a descendant of George, Duke of Clarence; and if MR. HUISH has any information about her descendants, I should be grateful for a note of it. Chertsey. (Marquis de) RUVIGNY. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Homer and his Age. By Andrew Lang. (Longmans & Co.) pictures of Algonquins under Shield,' an Algonquin corslet and evidence of warlike accoutrements derived from early Greek vases. In the matter of dress we think date is very difficult to determine. Nothing shows survivals in culture more, apparently meaningless survivals of arrangements and words. The retention of such terms concerning obsolete THERE is no more polished and skilful fighter in the things Mr. Lang admits on p. 204. The alternative literary lists than Mr. Lang, and he easily makes is to omit another unfortunate line in the 'Odyssey,' fun of the extraordinary conclusions and assertions which "does not apply to the state of things in the of the learned Teuton. But he lacks that thorough-Iliad,' while it contradicts the whole Odyssey,' ness which distinguishes the best German scholar- in which swords and spears are always of bronze ship, and in this volume, as in some others he has when their metal is mentioned." written, he makes us regret that he has not gone deeper, and written all round the subject with the acuteness which he shows in his partial treatment. In 1893 his Homer and the Epic' argued for the unity of Homer, and now he has returned to the charge in a shorter book. When we say that it contains but 326 pages of leisurely print, the expert will easily imagine that the treatment is far from exhaustive. Mr. Lang's thesis is that Homer, both in the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey,' depicts the life of a single brief age of culture-an age which "is sundered from the Mycenaean prime by the century or two in which changing ideas led to the superseding of burial by burning." Roughly, this date seems to the present reviewer correct for at any rate the core of the poem; but that the whole of the Iliad' and the Odyssey' as we now know them is the work of that one age Mr. Lang has not persuaded us. He demolishes easily special points in theories which suppose different dates of composition for various parts of the poem, but he has, on his own view, to make admissions of later insertions. Thus we read on p. 124 that "it is a critical error to insist on taking Homer absolutely and always au pied de la lettre"; but with due deference to Mr. Lang, it seems to us that this is the very method by which he often confutes his adversaries. Of a line twice appearing in the 'Odyssey' (xvi. 294 and xix. 13) he says (p. 193) that, because it disregards the distinction iron for implements, bronze for weapons, "it must therefore be a very late addition; it may be removed without injuring the sense of the passage in which it occurs." This seems to us a significant Argal for the other side, and the easy condition that the sense of the passage is not injured would allow of excisions of a wholesale character-such excisions, indeed, as are made by those who suppose a core of narrative and a gradual addition to it, not necessarily contemporaneous. Here, in fact, we come upon a criterion of literary judgment in which technical scholars and men of letters may differ. It is all very well to say that Homer, a writer of one age, shows " unus color." That quality has been ascribed to our Authorized Bible, with some justifi- It will be seen that the best of theories have their drawbacks. On the human side of Agamemnon and Nestor, as characters drawn with skill (and possibly derived from real prototypes), Mr. Lang is admirable. He analyzes with gusto the boasts of Nestor and the frailties of Agamemnon. This is a point of view generally neglected by lovers of Greek grammar, who dote on the digamma and cannot see a jest. It has always struck us as a veracious touch that Achilles, in a rage with Agamemnon, should say that the monarch was the worse for drink. There is no reason to suppose that it was so, but the taunt is common now. On the linguistic side Mr. Lang has given us very little. He says, following Helbig, that Homer never mentions seals or signet rings, and he follows this up by asking: "How often are finger rings mentíoned in the whole mass of Attic tragic poetry? We remember no example, and instances are certainly rare. Liddell and Scott give none. Yet the tragedians were, of course, familiar with rings and seals." We must protest that we expect a little more research than is implied in the mere consulting of Liddell and Scott! Those venerable authorities are not aware that Agamemnon himself seals an inscribed tablet in the Iphigeneia in Aulis,' 38; in the same play Agamemnon instructs the old man to "keep the seal (impression in wax) on the tablet," 155. In the Hippolytus (864). Theseus breaks the seal, his own wife's gold signet (862), before reading Phædra's indictment of Hippolytus. Deianeira sends Lichas with a token which her lord will "quickly recognize within the circle of this seal" (Trachiniæ,' 615). We need hardly add that the book shows abundant humour and an exceptionally wide range of comparison between ancient and modern times. It does not excel in arrangement or compression, but it will stimulate thoughtful students of the subject. Popular Ballads of the Olden Time. Selected and arranged by Frank Sidgwick. Third Series. (A. H. Bullen.) "I wADNA gi'e ae wheeple of a whaup (cry of a curlew) for a' the nichtingales in England" is the patriotic, but anonymous motto for the third volume of Mr. Sidgwick's 'Popular Ballads,' which deals with 'Ballads of Scottish Tradition and Romance.' As the contents of the volume include such masterpieces as 'The Hunting of the Cheviot' (better known as 'Chevy Chase'), 'Johnie Armstrong,' The Braes of Yarrow,' the modern ballad of 'Kinmont Willie,' 'Sir Patrick Spence,' 'Bessie Bell and Mary Gray,' "Waly, waly, gin love be bonny," "The Heir of Linne,' and many more of equal merit and celebrity, this outburst of Border enthusiasm may pass without protest. A noble collection of ballads is indeed given, and is said to |