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The

the word is found with this meaning. answer to this is that the nearest existing form of a word with this meaning is the CONTENTS.-No. 163. NOTES:-Early British Names: their Interpretation, 101 Norse word vand (water), the Scandinavian -The Gages of Bentley, Framfield, Sussex, 102-Burton's (nasalized) form of the English word water, Let us consider 'Anatomy of Melancholy,' 103-Pastoral Astronomy, 104 wat or vad being the root. Watts and -"Mesteque": its Etymology-" Adespota """Carry the Rose-Spartam nactus es, hanc exorna' ing coals to Newcastle" - Error in Ruffhead-Falling Birdcage and Ill Luck, 105-"Boz-pole "-"To go to pot -Hornsey Wood House: Harringay House, 106. QUERIES:-Poonah Painting-Pop goes the Weasel'Addison and Col. Philip Dormer-Newbolds of Derbyshire, 107-Latin Pronunciation in England-" Haze' 'Bibliotheca Staffordiensis,' 108-"Blue-water "-" Armiger": "Generosus," &c.-Ward Surname "Kingsley's Stand"-John Amcotts-George Geoffry Wyatville, 109Antiquarian Society, Batley, Yorkshire-Charles Reade's Greek Quotation-Dubourdieu and England Families, 110, REPLIES:- Bell-horses: Pack-horses, 110 — Cardinal Mezzofanti-"Mony a pickle maks a mickle," 112-Romney's Ancestry-A Knighthood of 1603, 113-Major Hamill of Capri-"G" Hard or Soft-Splitting Fields of Ice, 114 -The Times,' 1692-Duke of Kent's Children-Rev. R. Rauthmel "The Old Highlander" "Mitis"-"Moke," Royal Kepier School, a Donkey, 115-"Mulatto' Houghton-le-Spring Death-Vining Family-Bishop Island, South Pacific Wyberton, Lincs, 116-Littleton's History of Islington' -Adams's Museum, Kingsland Road-Rowe's 'Shake. speare,' 117-J. L. Toole, 118.

"Wroth " Admiral Benbow's

NOTES ON BOOKS:-'Society in the Country House '—
Visitation of England and Wales Poems of Long;
fellow'-'Poems of Herrick'-'A Dictionary of Political
Phrases and Allusions'-"The World's Classics
Reviews and Magazines.
Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

EARLY BRITISH NAMES:

INTERPRETATION.

39

THEIR

what modifications of this form of the word would be required to give the form found in Mona, Man, and the other instances above mentioned. One would be the assimilating of the consonants nd into nn, which is very common in Celtic. Probably this modification of the word is to be seen in the name of Vannes, in Brittany, so called after the ancient Veneti, who dwelt on the coast, and of whose skill in navigation and commercial enterprise mention is made by Cæsar. Next we know that original v passes frequently into m, thus giving the form of the word seen in Mona, Dumnonium (where du stands for the second numeral), Menevia, ClackAs to the change of mannan, and the rest.

a into o in Mona, it is what is seen when man is pronounced as mon; and in Welsh words borrowed from English it almost invariably takes place. And there is another modification which the root under consideration, vat or vad, might undergo, viz., by the m passing into n, which is also very common. In this form we meet frequently with it, as in the river-names Nith, Neath, Neathey, and Nen; Namnates (?), ancient name of Nantes, in France; Nantwich (Cheshire); Bradninch (Devonshire); Dinan (Brittany); Mona and cognate Names.-Mona was the Dinant (Belgium); in the word tri-nant, name of the isles of Anglesey and Man at occurring in a Gaulish inscription; in the the coming of the Romans. It goes back, Welsh word nant, which always means We find the place where the water collects; and once therefore, to prehistoric time. such as more, in the name of the Celtic sea-god same element in other names, Monnow; Menevia Juteorum (i.e., Menevia Nodens, to whom, in the Romano-British of the Goths), the ancient name of St. period, a temple was dedicated in what is Dumnonium, now South Wales, and in the tribal names David's in South Wales; the ancient name of Devonshire, and mean- Novantes and Trinovantes (where the d or t ing, as will presently appear, the region of the root is changed into v; cf. Latin bounded on either side by water; Clack-medius and mefius), meaning, the former the Mannau Gododin, tribe whose territory was defined by the mannan, in Scotland; Nith, and the latter the people of the three rivers, comparable as a geographical designa tion with the Indian Penjaub.

a name given in Welsh literature to what is now Haddingtonshire; and besides these it occurs, in different modified forms, in a great many other geographical names, as I shall endeavour to show.

Now, in regard to the meaning, it is to be observed that the name is always used as a river-name, or else to designate a portion of land adjacent to or surrounded by water; whilst the instances in which it is so used are so numerous as to leave little doubt This being that the word signifies water. taken for granted, the next point is to ascertain in what language or languages

а

Lastly, the initial letter v of our root might be dropped, as happens in Greek and in Welsh and Norse words. Probably this modification is seen in the Welsh name Glan Adda, or Adda side, and the rivername Annan, in Scotland and elsewhere. These different modifications of an initial v or w (the digamma) may be seen by comparing English personal pronoun we with Greek hemeis, Latin nos, and Greek oida And in passing I may with Latin vidi.

point out that the change of v into n occurs in a great number of Latin and Greek words, as in nesos, island; Nereids, water divinities; nato, to swim; unda, wave; Neptunus, lord of the water.

It appears, therefore, that the early British names Mona, Menevia, Novantes, Nith, Neath, Neathey, &c., are all from the root vad or vat, and signify water; and it would seem that they were brought into Britain by the settlers from Belgic Gaul, for one of the varieties still survives in Belgium in the name Dinant. J. PARRY.

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JAMES GAGE, of Bentley, was one of the sons (probably the second son) of Sir John Gage, K.G.

One James Gage married Anne, aged 36 in 1555, daughter and coheir of Dorothy, wife of Sir Henry Owen, and sister and coheir of Thomas, Lord De la Warre (Cartwright's 'Sussex,' ii. 29). I believe this to have been James Gage of Bentley, and the lady to have been his second wife. He seems to have married as his first wife Jane, daughter of James Delves, of Bentley, Sussex, and widow of John Bellingham, of Erington, Sussex (Nichols's 'Leicestershire,' iii. 149; Gage's Hengrave,' 231). He died 12 Jan., 1572/3, leaving one Uryth or Urth his widow, and four sons: (1) Edward, (2) John, (3) James, (4) Robert (Sussex Rec. Soc., iii. 8).

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Edward, his heir, married Margaret, daughter of John (not William) Shelley, of Michelgrove (cf. 10 S. iv. 56). There is an odd divergence in the published accounts of their monument in Framfield Church, and perhaps some Sussex reader of N. & Q.' will give a full description of it. According to the Rev. H. R. Hoare (Sussex Arch. Coll., iv. 296-7), "behind him are three sons, behind her five daughters, above are their names.' On the other hand, the Rev. E. Turner says (ibid., xxiii. 159) that the brass has " the figures of a man and a woman and of their six children upon it "; and that the first half of the inscription runs :

"Here lyeth the body of Edward Gage, Esq, and Margaret his wife (daughter of Sir [sic] John Shelley, of Michelgrove), who had three sons and seven daughters, and died Anno D'ni 1595."

The three sons and one of the daughters appear to have predeceased their father. The six surviving daughters, together with their mother, are given in the pedigree in

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Harl. Soc. Publ., liii. 9, to their father's cousin John, eldest son of Sir Edward Gage, K.B., of Firle; and in Gage's 'Hengrave (p. 237) and in Burke's Peerage their mother is represented as wife of the said Sir Edward's fifth son Edward, and mother of his children John and Elizabeth. Brother Foley (Records S.J.,' v. 78) supposes the tomb to be that of Edward Gage of Firle!

Of the six surviving daughters, (1) Mary married John Crispe, of Ore, Sussex. (2) Dorothy, whose name also occurs as Ruth, married Thomas Alcock (whom Berry, Sussex Genealogies,' 294, calls Alwick), of Rampton, Cambs, who in April, 1593, had been about 32 weeks in the Marshalsea for recusancy (Strype, 'Ann.,' iv. 258). (3) Margaret married George Smyth, of the Bishopric of Durham. (4) Mildred married Augustine Belson, of Stokenchurch, Oxon, a recusant ('Cal. S. P. Dom., 1598-1601,' p. 524), and surviving him died in 1624, aged 49, and was buried at Clapham, Sussex (Cartwright, Sussex,' ii. 85). (5) Philippa married Andrew Bendlowes, of Essex, also a recusant (Cal. S. P.,' loc. cit.). (6) Elizabeth married Anthony Skinner, of Rowington, Warwickshire, who received licence to go beyond the seas with his family on 12 Aug.. 1606 (Cal. S. P. Dom. Add., 1580-1625, p. 486).

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In 1576 Edward Gage was a magistrate of Sussex suspected of Popery (Strype, Ann.,' II. ii. 22). He appeared before the Council 11 Aug., 1580, in accordance with some previous judgment, and on the 13th was committed to the Marshalsea ('P. C. A.,' N.S., xii. 150, 153). As one of the executors of the Earl of Southampton's will he was: liberated on bail for a short time 20 June, 1581, and his leave of absence was repeatedly extended (ibid., xiii. 93, 296, 376). He went back to the Marshalsea after June, 1582, and was there on the following 23rd of March.. In September, 1586, he was at liberty, and entertained on the 8th a seminary priest, Nicholas Smith, afterwards a Jesuit, who at this time was residing with Lady Copley at Galton.* The priest was arrested the next day, through the instrumentality of the apostate Anthony Tyrrell, and committed to the Clink on 11 September, where he still was in the following July. Edward Gage followed him to the Clink on the 14th,

*See Foley, 'Records S. J.,' vol. vii. pp. 719, 1451. He was nephew of one Smythe, M.D., who is probably the Richard Smith, M.D.Oxon., of Munk's R. Coll. of Phys., vol. i. p. 67. This Dr. Smith was also uncle to the Bishop of Chalcedon ('D.N.B.,' liii. 102).

but by the 23rd had been transferred to the Counter in Wood Street, whence he was discharged on bail on 17 November (Cath. Rec. Soc., ii. 258, 268, 269, 272, 277; Cal. S. P. Dom., 1581-90,' p. 352). In 1592 he was in the custody of Mr. Richard Shelley, but having been named an executor of the will of the first Viscount Montague, he was frequently released on bail (P. C. A.,' N.S., xxiii. 329, xxiv. 17, 149; Cal. Cecil MSS.,' iv. 264). About this time two priests, Mr. Taylor and Mr. Croket (Ralph Crocket the martyr), with another whose name has not been recorded, were always resident at Bentley ('S. P. Dom. Eliz.,' ccxli. 35).

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Edward Gage's brother John and nephew Edward, of Wormley, Hertfordshire, were also recusants (Cal. Cecil MSS.,' iv. 265; 'Cal. S. P. Dom., 1598-1601,' p. 524). On his uncle's death in 1595 the latter succeeded to Bentley. He married Clare, sister to Andrew Bendlowes above mentioned, and in 1606 was licensed with his family to go abroad in company with his cousin Elizabeth Skinner and her husband. He died at Bentley, 19 Sept., 1628 (Cath. Rec. Soc., i. 113). JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

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66

P. 17, n. 9; 5, n. u, "Anatomie of poperie," &c. (10 S. iv. 524; v. 146; vi. 144). Add Donne's An Anatomy of the World,' 1st ed., 1611 (see Grosart's ed. of D.'s 'Complete Poems,' The Fuller Worthies' Library," vol. i. p. 102). The title of George Gascoigne's 'The Anatomye of a Louer' (p. i of 'The Posies,' 1575, first printed on pp. 344-5 of the unauthorized A Hundreth sundrie Flowres bounde vp in one small Poesie' [1572]) has a more literal application. For Dunhelmensis

at 10 S. vi. 144 read Dunelmensis.

P. 20, 7; 6, 33 (10 S. iv. 525). For 1617 read 1617-18.

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P. 21, 2; 7, 9 (10 S. iv. 525). Burton's error in quoting as Iovius's the words from Alciatus's epist. at the beginning of the 1553 (Paris) ed. of the Historiæ has a parallel on p. 183 of vol. ii. (329, ed. 6, II. iii. iii.), where dant perennes

Stemmata non peritura Musæ

is quoted with the marg. ref. "Marullus.” It is not by Marullus, but forms the conclusion of a poem in three alcaic stanzas headed De Marullo, 'Ndápiov,' and signed F. Thorius Bellio (i.e., Franciscus Thorius, of Bailleul), which may be read in the edition of Marullus's poems printed at Paris in 1561, with a dedication to Thorius by GuilielmusCripius.

P. 21, n. 15; 7, n. m (9 S. xii. 443). For "scripturient[i]um " read scripturientum. P. 29, 1. 6 and n. 1; 11, 1. 38 and n. d.,. "Nicholas Car " (9 S. xii. 62). Here again our author makes a similar error to that pointed out above. The words in the note are not Carr's, but belong to an extract from Richardus Vernamus in Methodo Geographica' printed by Thomas Hatcher on fol. 16 verso of his ed. of Carr's oration De Scriptorum Britannicorum paucitate, et studiorum impedi- | mentis,' 1576:—

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"Hoc beneficio [i.e., the presence of Typographi eruditi] carent Angli, qui si quid etiam lectu non indignum pepererint, cum paucos habeant Typographos, et eos aut artis suæ prorsus inscios, aut quæstui magis et auaritiæ quam literarum profectuï studentes, coguntur," &c.

With "that so many flourishing wits are smothered in oblivion, ly dead and buried," may be compared a passage in Erasmus's De Utilitate Colloquiorum': 66 Nisi innumera felicissima ingenia per istos infelicissime sepelirentur ac defoderentur viva " over one-third through the piece, p. 774 in 1729 variorum ed. of the Colloquia.'

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P. 31, n. 6 and n. 7; 13, n. p. and n. q., "Pet. Nannius.... Non hic colonus,' &c. (10 S. i. 42). The ref. to the original ed. is p. 133 of N.'s ZvuμikTwv siue Miscel- | laneorum decas vna (Louvain, 1548), dedicated to William Paget, Chancellor for the Duchy of Lancaster, afterwards Baron Paget of Beaudesert.

66

P. 43, n. 3; 20, n. p., Anaxagoras olim mens dictus ab antiquis." The rendering of Timon's lines given by Cobet is, I find, not that of Ambrogio Traversari (10 S. i. 203), though his trans. of Diog. Laert. is a "revision of A. T.'s.

P. 43, n. 4; 20, n. q., "Regula naturæ

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