ART. IV. Floricultural and Botanical Notices on Kinds of Plants newly introduced into our Gardens, and that have originated in them, and on Kinds of Interest previously extant in them; supplementary to the latest Editions of the " Encyclopædia of Plants," and of

the "Hortus Britannicus."

Curtis's Botanical Magazine; in monthly numbers, each containing eight plates; 3s. 6d. coloured, 3s. plain. Edited by Sir William Jackson Hooker, LL.D., &c.

Edwards's Botanical Register; in monthly numbers, each containing eight plates; 4s. coloured, 3s. plain. Edited by Dr. Lindley,

Professor of Botany in the London University.

Sweet's British Flower-Garden; in monthly numbers, each containing four plates; 3s. coloured, 2s. 3d. plain. Edited by David Don, Esq., Professor of Botany in King's College, and Librarian to the Linnæan Society.

RANUNCULA CEÆ.

1631. CLEMATIS 14472 flórida

[Pax. mag. of bot. iv. p. 147. *var. 3 Sieboldii D. Don Siebold's or 10 jn P.G Japan 1836 L s.l Swt. Br. fl. gard, $96.;

"This plant is one of the valuable additions made to our collections by Dr. Siebold, by whom it was introduced from Japan, of which interesting country he is now engaged in the publication of a complete account of the history, social state, and natural productions."

"The present plant," says Professor Don," appears to have been regarded as a distinct species; but, after a most carfeul comparison with the ordinary form of C. flórida, we are satisfied of its being only a variety of that highly ornamental species. The leaves and branches are rather more hairy, and the petals suffused with violet spots; so that the flower has, in florists' language, a dark eye. No plant, however, possesses stronger claims to a place in the flower-garden, from its graceful habit, and from the size and beauty of its blossoms. The plant thrives best in a mixture of peat and loam, and is increased by layers." (Swt. Br. Fl.-Gard., Aug.)

Caryophylleæ.

1415. LY CHNIS

12006a *Bungeàna Fisch. & Mey. Bunge's spl 1 s S China 1834 C p.l Bot, mag. 3594. Received at the Glasgow Botanic Garden (where it flowered in a warm open border) from Mr. Booth of Hamburg, under the name here adopted, and evidently intended to commemorate the services, rendered to science and botany in particular, of Dr. Alexander Bunge, who not only accompanied Professor Ledebour in his celebrated travels in the Altai, but was attached to the Russian mission which went to Pekin, during which he collected many plants in the north of China. It is nearly allied to L. grandiflora Jacq., and was found by Dr. Bunge in a garden at Pekin. (Bot. Mag., Aug.)

Leguminosa & Papilionàceæ.

3S92. HOSA'CKIA

*stolonifera Lindl. creeping-rooted ▲ cu 3 jn R N. Amer. ?1830 S s. Bot. reg. 1977.

A stoloniferous, hardy, herbaceous plant, with a smooth taper stem. Among the last seeds sent from California by Mr. Douglas were some of this plant. It is much larger than any other known species of Hosáckia, forming a stout bush about 3 ft. high, and multiplying itself readily by its creeping roots. "Although its flowers are unattractive, it forms a good shrubbery plant, where it is desirable to give the appearance of undergrowth quickly; for it resembles a shrub during the summer, and it spreads so fast as soon to extend far beyond its original station." It produces abundance of seeds in August. The embryo has sometimes three cotyledons. (Bot. Reg., Aug.)

1985. LUPINUS

*versicolor Lindl. party-coloured▲ or 2 m.s B.Y.P California ?1831 S co Bot. reg. 1979.

"A very beautiful perennial lupine, introduced from California by the Horticultural Society, and hitherto but little known. It has been called in the Society's garden a dwarf Lupinus rivulàris; but the affinity of the species seems to be less with L. rivulàris than with L. nootkatensis, for it has nothing of an arborescent habit. The decumbent habit of this species renders it well suited for a bed in a flower-garden: it produces a great profusion of its pale many-coloured flowers, breathing the sweet perfume of the field bean during all the months of May and June, after which it ripens its pods, and remains shabby for the rest of the year." (Bot. Reg., Aug.) Onagracea.

1185. CLA'RKIA gauröides Doug. MS.; D. Don in Swt. Br. Fl.-Gard., 379.; Gard. Mag., xiii. p. 216. Synonyme: C. rhomboidea Doug. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 214.; Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1981.

Compósita.

*BAERIA Fisch & Mey. (In honour of Professor Baer, of the University of Dorpat.) [Br. fl.-gard. 395. chrysostoma Fisch. & Mey. golden-anthered O el 1 ap.jn Y California 1835 S co Swt. "A curious genus of Compósitæ, raised from seeds received from M. De Fischer, director of the Imperial Botanic Garden at St. Petersburg, and recorded in the Appendix to the Catalogue of Seeds of that garden for 1835." It is a native of the Russian colony of Ross, in New California, and is nearly related to the genus Callíchroa. (Swt. Br. Fl.-Gard., Aug.)

Ericaceæ.

1339. RHODODENDRON 11012 arbòreum var. cinnamòmeum Bot. Reg., 1982.; Arb. Brit., p. 1147. Synonyme: R. cinnamomeum Wall.

Mr. Herbert informed Dr. Lindley that the old white variety of R. arboreum is hardy, and has stood twelve or thirteen years in the garden at Spofforth; whence Dr. Lindley infers that this variety may also possess the same quality. (Bot. Reg., Aug.)

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

ART. I. Covent Garden Market.

THE market has been fairly, but by no means heavily, supplied during the last month. The weather being generally fine and dry, all ripe fruits have met a steady and regular demand, at prices which may be considered remunerating to the growers. Since my last report, we have experienced two very high winds, and some considerable showers of rain: the former have caused a great influx of common apples and pears, blown from the trees, which have been literally given away, and had the effect of temporarily depressing the market; otherwise, the ordinary fruits of the season being in demand would have been considerably higher in prices. Cherries were much damaged by the wind and rain; raspberries were almost entirely destroyed by the same cause. Early summer pears have not been very plentiful, nor have apples been furnished very abundantly, in a general way. Of wall fruit we have as yet but little, nor is the crop generally good. Vegetables generally are in supply quite equal to the demand: the prospect for them is promising. Potatoes have been excellent, and continue to be supplied abundantly. — C. G. M. Aug. 24. 1837.

THE

GARDENER'S MAGAZINE,

OCTOBER, 1837.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

ART. I. A Series of Articles on the Insects most injurious to Cultivators. By J. O. WESTWOOD, F.L.S., Secretary to the Entomological Society of London.

No. 8. THE SMALL ERMINE MOTH.

THE injuries to which our fruit trees are subject may be divided into four kinds :- 1st, those by which the young shoots and buds are destroyed; 2dly, those by which the leaves are affected or consumed; 3dly, those by which the fruit, in a more or less mature state, is destroyed; and, 4thly, those by which the bark is damaged. Perhaps the second of these injuries is of the most ordinary occurrence, and of the greatest extent; for it must often necessarily happen, that, should the fruit remain unattacked, the destruction of the leaves will prevent its coming to due perfection.

Of the leaf-destroyers, the most injurious species are those which live in society, enclosing themselves in a common web, which they either enlarge from time to time, or quit for the purpose of forming a larger domicile, in a situation where they can obtain a more abundant supply of food than in that which they have left. There are many species of these webbed caterpillars; and their effect is sometimes so extensive, that not only is the foliage completely consumed, but the fruit entirely destroyed, and the branches enveloped in so strong a tissue of webbing, that the young shoots, which the tree may possibly possess the power of throwing out, are impeded in their growth, and unable to force themselves through the web with which the branch is enveloped. The apple tree appears to be more especially liable to this species of injury. At the commencement of the month of July last, I observed this devastation carried to a lamentable extent in the apple trees with which the road sides between Abbeville and Paris are planted, and which for miles were completely defoliated. The branches were covered with webs, and not the least portion of green was to be seen; the webs were suspended VOL. XIII.-- No. 91.

F F

from the branches in festoons reaching to the ground, which, beneath the tree, appeared carpeted with silk, in so remarkable a manner as to attract the attention of the most incurious passenger. Some kinds of apples, however, as well as the pear trees, escaped. It appeared, indeed, surprising, that certain trees should be untouched, whilst the rest were so completely destroyed that it was doubtful whether they would have strength to throw out fresh shoots. This fact, however, depending upon the nice discrimination in the taste of the insects, might be beneficially employed, by inducing the planting of those varieties which appear to be most unpalatable to these destructive creatures. M. Audouin, in one of his lectures* delivered this season at the Jardin des Plantes, adverted to this circumstance, and regretted that the old law commanding the inhabitants to uncaterpillar (décheniller) the trees had been suffered to fall into disuse.

I at first considered that this mischief had been done by the caterpillars of the barred tree lackey moth (Clisiocámpa castrénsis), which, during the preceding month of June, had been very numerous on the apple and some other trees at Hammersmith; but M. V. Audouin informed me that it was the Yponomeuta padélla, or small ermine moth of the English collectors, that had attacked these trees; and, since my return, I have ascertained from Mr. Bainbridge, and some others, that this moth has been very injurious upon the apple trees round London. Fortunately, however, we can congratulate ourselves on its injurious propensities being far less extensive in this country than in France; for never did I witness in this country such wholesale devastation as that exhibited by the apple trees between Paris and Abbeville, mentioned above.

Order, Lepidoptera. (See art. Rose Moths, p. 386.)

Section, Nocturna.

Family, Yponomeùtidæ Stephens. So named from the typical genus.

Genus, Yponomeuta Fabricius; evidently derived from the Greek word huponomos (feeding secretly, or a burrow); having allusion to the webspinning habits of the caterpillars.

Syn. of the genus, Phalæ`na Tínea p. Linn.; Ermínea Haworth; Nýgmia Hubner.

Species, Yponomeùta padélla. (So named from Prùnus Pàdus, or bird cherry, one of the trees upon which it occasionally feeds.)

Syn. Phala'na Tinea padella Linnæus; Ermínea pàdi Haworth. (Fig. 117.: f of the natural size; and e the same magnified, with the wings expanded.)

* I attended several of these lectures (the entire course of which consisted of about fifty, in which the professor especially treated upon the insects injurious to vegetation); and I was gratified at observing the considerable number and respectability of the audience, whose interest in the subject was evinced by the copious notes made by many of them. Several ladies were amongst the number.