move by their own weight. The rate of their movement varies from one and a half to two feet in twenty-four hours. 9. The potato is the most widely distributed necessary of life. Tobacco is the most extensively used luxury of life. Sir Walter Raleigh introduced both into England. He 10. The Rye-house plot was a conspiracy against Charles II. The king was expected to go to Newmarket races. The conspirators were to stop his coach on his return. was then to be fired upon. The assassins were to be concealed by the hedges on the road. 11. Stoke is near Newark. The battle of Stoke was fought on the 16th June 1487. Lambert Simnel was taken prisoner. He was a pretender to the crown of Henry VII. 12. Tides are periodical swells in the ocean. These swells are produced by the attraction of the sun and moon. The influence of the moon is six times greater than that of the sun (absolute phrase). This is due to its proximity to the earth. 13. Henry VII. married Elizabeth in 1486. Elizabeth was daughter of Edward IV. She was his sole heir. The house of York had claims to the throne. The house of Lancaster had claims to the throne. Their rival claims were thus united. 14. Two sets of circles are drawn on maps of the globe. The one set is called parallels of latitude. The other set is called meridians of longitude. These circles intersect one another. By these circles the position of any place on the earth's surface is determined. 15. All men are free by nature. All men are equal by nature. All men are independent by nature (absolute phrase). A man may be subjected to the political power of another. But no one can be this without his own consent. 16. Socrates was resolute in the prospect of death. His resolution proceeded from two sources. The one was, the consciousness of a well-spent life. The other was the prospect of a happy eternity. SECTION II.-THE COMPLEX SENTENCE. The subordinate clauses in a complex sentence are of three kinds,-Noun, Adjective, and Adverbial. A noun clause is a clause which names a circumstance spoken of either as the subject or the object of a sentence; as, 'That we are mortal is true;' 'He told me that he had found his purse.' Noun clauses are generally introduced by the conjunction that. An adjective clause is a clause which describes an object or a circumstance, and, like an adjective, qualifies a noun; as, 'The letter which you gave me was from my brother.' Adjective clauses are generally introduced by relative pronouns. An adverbial clause is a clause which describes an action or a quality, and, like an adverb, modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb; as, 'The ostrich makes a loud hissing sound when it is enraged.' Adverbial clauses are generally introduced by subordinative conjunctions, and express Time, Place, Manner, Cause, Effect, Degree, Condition, and Concession. 1. NOUN CLAUSES. Exercise 16. Complete the following sentences by the addition of noun clauses: EXAMPLE. The prisoner made it his excuse The prisoner made it his excuse that he was ignorant of the new law. The proverb says tory tells us —. it is evident From the structure of the duck's foot, Cromwell, I am uncertain accident, when I think or I cannot understand 11. I am nothing jealous." "No observation is more common, and "I have "In the note at the same time more true, than often thought, says Sir Roger, which Nelson sent ashore after the battle of Copenhagen, if he could reconcile England and he remarked Denmark. 2. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES. Exercise 17. Complete the followiny sentences by the addition of adjective clauses: EXAMPLE. I have greatly enjoyed the book I have greatly enjoyed the book which you lent me. The man dictionary. opinion. The Act of Union Treaty of Utrecht was passed in 1707. The was concluded in 1713. The last constitutional event in the reign of William III. was the Act Elizabeth was the last sovereign of the House of "I may do that ——.” than James Watt "Reliques of Ancient English There is no man Arkwright died in 1792. It would be hard to find a more illustrious example of that perseverence afforded by the career of George Stephenson morality of an action depends upon the motive 3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES. Exercise 18. Complete the following sentences by the addition of adverbial clauses expressing,— (a) Time. (b) Place. The cavalry retired more quickly The cavalry retired more quickly than they had advanced, when they saw the position of the enemy's artillery. The triumphs of commerce are greater always ready to confess our faults (c) speaks (d) (a) (d) We are The honest man The success of the adventure was as great We often find friends something worth listening to (c) the house No man is so insignificant (b) The orator says A talkative man makes mischief Loveliness is adorned the Complete the following sentences by the addition of adverbial clauses expressing,— (a) Cause. (b) Effect. (c) Condition. (d) Concession. EXAMPLE. We were all ready enough to ask advice, (d) We were all ready enough to ask advice, although we treat him as if he were your enemy. Temptation is often The man of true fortitude may be compared to a castle built on a rock, The man of a feeble spirit is like a hut placed on the shore, The man of true fortitude may be compared to a castle built on a rock, which defies the surrounding waters. The man of a feeble spirit is like a hut placed on the shore, which every wind shakes, and every tide overflows. |