SECTION I-THE SIMPLE SENTENCE.

1. SUBJECT AND ATTRIBUTE.

Exercise 10.

Complete the following sentences by inserting subjects, (a) with or (b) without attributes :

Complete the following sentences by adding predicates to the subjects:

EXAMPLE.

The great fire of London

The great fire of London lasted for a week.

The fleet sailed for the Baltic | on the 3d of June.

him down. Ships of war are built. ·(material) ·

(purpose).

bright

Cowards die

He (concession) behaved

The whole town was illuminated.

The bonfires shone

- (manner).

They plucked his

gown (purpose).

4. VARIATION.

Exercise 13.

Vary the construction in the following sentences by changing the subjects, the predicates, or the objects:

of health.

EXAMPLE.

Temperance in eating and drinking is the best preservative To be temperate in eating and drinking is the best preservative of health. To eat and drink temperately is the

best preservative of health. The best preservative of health is temperance in eating and drinking. The best way to preserve health is to eat and drink temperately. Temperance in eating and drinking best preserves health. Health is best preserved by temperance in eating and drinking. To eat and drink temperately is the best way to prese.ve health. Temperance in eating and drinking promotes health. Health depends upon temperance in eating and drinking. Health is promoted by temperance in eating and drinking. Health is promoted by eating and drinking temperately. We must eat and drink temperately to preserve health.

1. To live soberly, righteously, and piously, is required of all men.

2. To grieve immoderately shows weakness.

3. Timid men fear to die.

4. That it is our duty to be just and kind to our fellowcreatures, admits not of any doubt in a rational and wellinformed mind.

5. To cultivate piety towards God, to exercise benevolence towards others, and to be of a pure and humble mind, are the sure means of becoming peaceful and happy.

6. By observing truth you will command esteem.

7. The changing of times and seasons, and the removing and setting up of kings, belong to Providence alone.

8. It is a great support to virtue, to see a good mind maintain its patience aud tranquillity under injuries and affliction, and cordially forgive its oppressors.

5. ANALYSIS.

Exercise 14.

Divide the following compound and complex sentences into simple ones:

EXAMPLE.

Friendship improves happiness, and abates misery, by

doubling our joy, and dividing our grief.

Friendship improves happiness. Friendship abates misery. Friendship doubles our joy. Friendship divides our grief.

1. Modesty is not properly a virtue, but it is a very good sign of a tractable disposition, and a great preservative against vice.

2. Thousands, whom indolence has sunk into contemptible obscurity, might have attained the highest distinctions, if idleness had not frustrated the effect of all their powers.

3. At our first setting out in life, when yet unacquainted with the world and its snares, when every pleasure enchants with its smile, and every object shines with the gloss of novelty, let us beware of the seducing appearances which surround us, and recollect what others have suffered from the power of headstrong desire.

4. The Romans, fleeing in great consternation, were pursued by the enemy to the bridge, over which both victors and vanquished were about to enter the city in confusion. All now appeared to be lost, when the sentinel, who had been placed there to defend it, opposed himself to the torrent of the enemy, and, assisted only by two more, for some time sustained the whole fury of the assault, till the bridge was broken down behind him; when, plunging with his arms into the Tiber, he swam back to his fellow-soldiers.

6. SYNTHESIS.

Exercise 15.

Combine the following elements into simple sentences, using the verb printed in italics in each case as the only finite verb in the complete sentence :—

EXAMPLE.

A direct lie is a lie in words. When we utter a direct lie in words, we are guilty of falsehood. There are many other ways of committing this offence.

There are many ways of being guilty of falsehood, without uttering a direct lie in words.

or, changing the verb;

We may be guilty of falsehood in many ways, without uttering a direct lie in words.

or;

To utter a direct lie in words is not the only way of being guilty of falsehood.

1. A man may do a designed injury to another. A man may do a greater injury to himself. No man ever did the former without doing the latter.

2. We ought to prepare for another world. We have duties in this life. In doing the former, we must not neglect the latter.

3. We may have a taste for useful knowledge. This will provide entertainment for us. The entertainment will be great. It will also be noble. absent.

Other enjoyments may be

4. The martin has a nest. It is composed of mud and clay. The mud and clay are in layers. It is lined with feathers. It has a hole above. This hole is for the entrance of the birds.

5. The hair or fur of beasts is an animal production. The skins of beasts are animal productions. The teeth of beasts are animal productions. These are the chief animal productions imported into Britain.

6. There is a mountain called the Great St Bernard. There is a convent of the same name. The latter is situated on the former. There are passages of the Alps between Switzerland and Savoy. The convent is near one of the most dangerous of these passes.

7. Cork is the bark of a tree. The tree is a species of oak. This oak is indigenous to certain districts of the south of Europe and of Barbary. These districts are dry. These districts are mountainous.

8. Glaciers are masses of snow-ice. They are accumulated in mountain valleys. They move downwards. They