SLAVE, FREE WHITE, AND FREE COLORED POPULATION.-No. I.

3,489

17,088

32,814

Louisiana.

34,660

69,064 109,588

8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 3,292 55,282
103,036 105,635 111,502 107,398 102,994 260,222
3,244 5,395
6,119
6,377
293,427 345,796 392,518 425,153 469,757 603,324
100,572 133,296 168,824 205,017 245,601 419,200
107,004 146,151 196,365 258,475 315,401 237,440
29,264 59,404 105,218 149,656 217,531 189,570
11,830 40,343 80,561 126,732 165,218 434,826
3,417 13,584
80,107 141,603 339,979
44,535
41,879 117,549 85,451
42,171
73,383 89,231 93.9 122.8

57,601

8.1

5.7

3,899

8,268

13,136 12,958 15,855

291,108

41.2

35.3

8,043

19,587

33,927

39,730

52,938

22,614

27,563

28.2

22.2

783

2,549

4,048

6,152

694,300

70.4

67.6

12,766

20,124

30,570

36,889

47,348

472,843

48.9

52

4,975 7,043

10,266

14,612

19,543

257,863 109

122.3

1,801

3,185

4,554

6,826

7,921

296,806 78.9 73.3
517,787

398

1,019

1,801

1,763

2,486

29.1

31.9

114

741

1,713

2,759

4,917

535,746

23.3

26.4

361

309

1,317

2,727

4,555

190,406 49

61.7

571

1,572

65,659

70,443

77.8

93.2

182

240

458

519

7,5.5

10,960

16,710

SLAVES.

The ratio of the aggregate increase of the slaves in the slave states from 1820 to 1830
was 2.8 per cent., per annum; if we compare the increase of individual states with the
increase by this ratio, we shall have the following result : —

Thus in 10 years were 188,331 slaves transferred from the northeast to the southwest.
A part of this transfer is due to emigration, but another cause will be shown by the
following tables.

* A part of these were received with the territory, but the error is not material.

It is unfortunate for our purpose that the census includes in the same class slaves from
ten to twenty-four years of age; nevertheless, a glance at the latter table will show a great
excess of adults at the south-west, and, with exceptions rather apparent than real, a cor-
responding deficiency at the north-east. In regard to slaves between the ages of ten and
thirty-six, the actual deviation from the average is as follows :—

This immense disturbance of the natural state of the slave population could not have
been produced by emigration. We do not pretend that it is the exact measure of the
internal slave trade, it is far short of that.. For, every child born in Louisiana,
Mississippi, or South Carolina, of slaves brought into the state between 1820 and 1830,
diminishes the excess; while, on the other hand, the removal from Maryland or Virginia
of those who would have been parents there, in the same time, tends to hide the deficiency
in those states. Indeed, if the slave trade be excessive, the consequent want of young
children will make an apparent excess of adults in the slave-selling states, which ex-

plains the excess in Delaware and Maryland, states that have sold more slaves for their population than any others.

The slaves, though they increase a little faster than the whites in the slave states, do not increase so fast as the whites in the whole country. The ratio of increase is the ratio of deaths less the ratio of births. The ratio of children under ten must be nearly the same as the ratio of births. Now, there are 47,134 slave children under ten more than there should be by the ratio of white children of the same age to the whole white population. Consequently the ratio of deaths must be much greater than among the whites, to make that of increase less. And this, too, while the colored are so much more long-lived than the whites, that, of the free colored people in 1830, there were 655 over 100, while of the whites there were only 539.

Again, the waste of life is shown by comparing the slave population with what it would be by the ratio of the free colored, the number of children being given :

Total deficiency, 327,547. If the ratio of free colored adults is too high by all those who had bought their freedom, it is too low by all those who had been taken off by seafaring, a much larger number, as will appear by comparing the sexes of the free colored. We affirm, then, that this deficiency represents a mass of more than 300,000 human beings, who were prematurely WORN OUT on the cotton and sugar plantations.

By referring to the free colored population of the present slave states, it will be seen that there has been no considerable emancipation since 1810. The rate of increase from 1790 to 1800, was nearly 7 per cent. per annum; from 1800 to 1810, it was nearly 6 per cent.; from 1810 to 1820, it was little more than 2 per cent.; and from 1820 to 1830, it was 3 per cent.; but a trifle greater than the increase of the free white population during the same time.

By referring to the ratios of slaves to free whites, it will be seen that in the Carolinas and all the slave states west of the mountains, the slaves gained upon the whites. In South Carolina and Louisiana in 1830 there were more than 122 slaves to every 100 whites. The ratio of slaves to whites was greater still in particular districts of those and some other states. In the parish of Jefferson La. there were 4907 slaves to 1596 whites. In Charleston district, S. C., exclusive of the city, there were 46,548 to 7,976 whites; and in the parish of St. John's Colleton, 9,480 slaves to 532 whites, or about eighteen slaves to every individual white. In Georgia the slaves have increased rapidly, and exceed the whites in some of the counties, especially on the coast, but their relative number in the state was diminished by the large immigration of whites.

The census of 1830 shows a few slaves in the free states. In Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Indiana, there can be no slaves except those of sojourners from slave states. Massachusetts, then including Maine, abolished slavery by her Bill of Rights, in 1780; New Hampshire did the same by her constitution in 1792; and Vermont in 1793. The new states, made of the north-west territory, were prevented from holding slaves by the ordinance of Congress of 1787. In Illinois, however, slaves are held by indenture, who cannot be sold out of the state, nor in it, except by their own consent, and have the privilege of being flogged by a magistrate. The same is perhaps true of the slaves in Michigan. Pennsylvania made all the children born of slaves after 1780 free when they should arrive at the age of twenty-eight. A few of the old stock are yet in slavery, and some under twenty-eight, which seem to have been illegally increased since 1820 by accessions from slave states. New York enacted that those born of slaves after July 4th, 1799, should serve only till twenty-eight if males, and twenty

five if females. Again she enacted that those born after 1817, should serve only till twenty-one; and in 1827, all the old stock, born before 1799, should be free at once. There may still be some of the servants under twenty-eight or twenty-one. Connecticut and Rhode Island made the children born after 1784 serve only till twenty-five. In New Jersey a similar Act began to take effect in 1804.

All the fearful effects of slavery, which are so clearly revealed by the census of 1830, are now going on upon a still larger scale. The production of cotton has doubled within the last ten years, and that of sugar has increased still faster. Every cent's advance in the price of either of these commodities, gives fresh impulse to the lash, which, even ten years ago, was sending to an untimely grave more than THIRTY THOUSAND HUMAN VICTIMS a year!

FACTS ILLUSTRATIVE OF AMERICAN SLAVERY. Some years ago, a Baptist of Vermont the horn resounded, and "the working was appointed a delegate to a number of hands" returned from the field to breakfast. Baptist associations. When he arrived in The hard corn dough, which a hog can Philadelphia, he professed his intention to scarcely masticate, and insipid hommony, attend several of the associations in Vir- which hunger itself almost rejects, were ginia; and was especially anxious to com- their only food; and time until sunset prehend the true character and operations would not be allowed to swallow any more of slavery. In that city he met with some even of that unsavoury compost. The men brethren who understood the arcana of that corroborated in full all the circumstances hell-born contrivance; and by them he was which the elder females had described; and warned not to be imposed upon by the the Vermont preacher retired from his external glitter, and the comfortable drapery coloured associates in the true fanatical of the menial attendants about the mansion- humour which characterized the primitive house, assumed during the meeting of the puritans. association, and then carefully laid aside for a similar festival; but he was enjoined privately to visit the "Negro Quarter," as the miserable huts of the coloured citizens are familiarly called. Thus adequately instructed, he proceeded on his journey.

About one-fourth of the time, which he had specified for his absence, had elapsed, when the Green Mountaineer was at the deacon's house in Philadelphia, and accounted for his speedy return by a statement to this effect. He had travelled on, gradually becoming more and more dissatisfied with the scenes which he daily witnessed, until he arrived about the Appomattox river, where he was received at the house of one of the slave-driving nabobs, on the evening prior to the meeting of the association. The next morning after breakfast, he proposed to take a walk, and by a circuitous route, unperceived, he obtained access to the worn-out slaves." From them he speedily heard the heartrending recital of their awful prison-house; the female violations, the unceasing stripes, the direful privations, and the frenzied despotism which were ever their inalienable portion. He also became acquainted with the audacious measures which were always adopted to impede among them all moral and religious instruction. About eleven

About one o'clock a number of ministers and delegates to the association having arrived, they were invited to a sumptuous dinner. The New-Englander was offered his choice of the whole; but his stomach was so evangelically delicate, that he could not eat. To all the apologies, entreaties, and apparent sympathies which encircled him, he finally ventured to make this homely reply: "My conscience will not permit me to partake of this food, while the people who work for it never taste a mouthful of necessary sustenance from one end of the year to the other. If I eat anything, it will be a plate of that hommony, or a slice of that corn bread, which the coloured people had for their breakfast." A bag of rattlesnakes let loose amongst them could not more have disturbed the men-stealers.

The test was decisive and complete. Immediately after he was admonished to go away the greatest distance possible that night, as, if he staid, he would surely be killed; and for his own safety, he was also advised not to attend any one of the Virginia associations. As the consequence, the Christian fled from the American Sodom and Gomorrha, to detail the facts to his brethren in Philadelphia.-Bourne's Picture of Slavery.