ple, assistant, and Dr. I. M. Bentley, instructor in Psychology at Cornell University; Dr. E. A. Gamble, instructor in Psychology, Wellesley College. In accordance with the request of the Government of Venezuela, and of the Committee on Organization, the III Pan American Medical Congress has been postponed to meet in Caracas in December, 1900. FORTHCOMING BOOKS. The following books on psychological subjects are announced as in preparation: Baillière, Tindall & Cox : "Aids to Psychological Medicine," by T. A. BEADLE; "Handbook for Attendants on the Insane," by authority of the Medico-Psychological Association. Cambridge University Press: "An Introduction to Psychology,” by G. F. STOUT and J. ADAMS. Longmans & Co.: "Psychology in the Schoolroom," by T. F. G. DEXTER and A. H. GARLICK. The Macmillan Co.: 'First Experiments in Psychology, an Elementary Manual of Laboratory Practice," by E. B. TITCHENER. Scientific Press, Ltd.: "Medical Aspects of Education," by P. G. LEWIS ; "Mental Nursing," by W. HARDING. W. Scott, Ltd.: "Degeneracy," by E. S. TALBOT. Swan Sonnenschein & Co.: "Aristotle's Psychology," by W. A. HAMMOND; Wundt's "Physiological Psychology," trs. by E. B. TITCHENER. University Correspondence College Press: by G. F. STOUT. "Manual of Psychology," BOOKS RECEIVED. ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD. Theories of the Will in the History of Philosophy. Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y., 1898. Pp. 357. Price, $1.50. BERNARD-LEROY, EUGENE. L'Illusion de fausse reconnaissance, contribution a l'étude des conditions psychologiques. Félix Alcan, Paris, 1898. Pp. 269. Price, Fcs. 4. ERDMANN BENNO, und DODGE, RAYMOND. Psychologische Untersuchungen ueber das Lesen auf experimenteller grundlage. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Lenicke & Buechner, N. V., 1898). Pp. 360. Price, Mk. 12. HIBBEN, JOHN GRIER. The Problems of Philosophy. An introduction to the study of philosophy. Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y., 1898. Pp. 203. JAMES, WILLIAM. Human Immortality. Two supposed objections to the doctrine. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston and N. Y., 1898. Pp. 70. Price, $1.00. LENNOX, DAVID, and STURROCK, ALEXANDER. The elements of physical education. A teacher's manual. Wm. Blackwood & Sons, 1898. Pp. 241. Price, 4 shillings. LOURIE, OSSIP. Pensées de Tolstoi (d'après les textes russes). Félix. Alcan, Paris, 1898. Pp. 179. Price, Fcs. 2.50. NAVILLE, ERNEST. Le libre arbitre. Etude philosophique. Deuxieme edition, revue et corrigée. Félix Alcan, Paris, 1898. Pp. 311. Price, Fcs. 5. PIAT, M. L'ABBE C. THOMAS, P. FELIX. Destinée de l'homme. Félix Alcan, Paris, 1898. L'éducation des sentiments. Félix Alcan, Paris, 1899. Pp. 287. Price, Fcs. 5. VERWORN, MAX. Beiträge zur Physiologie des Centralnerveusystems. Gustav Fisher, Jena, 1898. I Teil. Pp. 92. Price, M. 2.50. RAYMOND, F. et JANET, PIERRE. Névroses et idées fixes, II. (Travaux du laboratoire de psychologie de la clinique a la Salpêtrière. Deuxieme Série.) Félix Alcan, Paris, 1898. Pp. 559. Price, Fcs. 14. DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY. The following courses are offered for 1898-9: DR. G. STANLEY HALL. 1. THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY. Two to four hours a week. SYSTEMATIC PSYCHOLOGY. 2. 3. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY. One hour weekly through the year. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL SEMINARY. Weekly from 7 to 10 P. M. DR. E. C. SANFORD. 1. BEGINNER'S COURSE. One hour weekly, throughout the year. First Term: Text-book (Titchener's Primer) with Discussions and Demonstrations. Second Term: Lectures and Demonstrations. DR. SANFORD. 2. 3. 4. ADVANCED COURSE. One hour weekly, throughout the year, with a second hour a week when required. Text-book (Külpe's Outlines), Discussions, Lectures and Demonstrations. DR. SANFORD. PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICUM. Four hours weekly, throughout the year. First half year: Laboratory practice work on the senses (Sanford's Course in Psychological Psychology). MR. GODDARD. Second half year: practice work upon higher mental processes. DR. SANFORD; and comparative psychology (observation of animals), MR. KLINE. RESEARCH WORK in Psychology at hours suited to the needs of those engaged in it. DR. SANFORD. DR. C. H. HODGE. 1. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS AND SENSE ORGANS. Six lectures during January and February. 2. 3. EMBRYOLOGY AND GROWTH OF THE HUMAN BRAIN AND SENSE ORGANS. Six Lectures with Demonstrations and Literature. PRACTICAL HISTOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. This is a purely laboratory course. 4. GENERAL LABORATORY WORK, one hour weekly, through the year. I. 2. 1. DR. A. F. CHAMBERLAIN. GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGY. One hour weekly throughout the year. SPECIAL COURSE IN ANTHROPOLOGY. One hour weekly, throughout the year. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY. The following courses are offered for 1898-9: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. Lectures and Demonstrations. Three hours weekly. Professor TITCHENER. Fall Term. Text-book: Titchener's Outline of Psychology. (This course is followed by Logic and Ethics in the Winter and Spring Terms.) 2. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. Laboratory work, with occasional Lectures and Demonstrations. Three hours weekly, throughout the year. Professor TITCHENER, Dr. BENTLEY and Mr. WHIPPLE. Text-books: Wundt's Human and Animal Psychology, Sanford's Laboratory Course, Titchener's Outline of Psychology. 3. 4. READING OF PSYCHOLOGY IN GERMAN: Fechner's Elemente der Psychophysik. One hour weekly, throughout the year. Professor TITCHENER. SYSTEMATIC PSYCHOLOGY. Lectures, Essays, and Experimental Demonstrations. Three hours weekly, throughout the year. Professor TITCHENER and Dr. BENTLEY. Books of Reference: Wundt's Physiologische Psychologie, Kuelpe's Outlines of Psychology, James's Principles of Psychology, Stout's Analytic Psychology, Sully's The Human Mind. 5. SEMINARY FOR PSYCHOLOGY, AND ADVANCED LABORATORY WORK. In graduate and undergraduate sections. Daily, throughout the year. Professor TITCHENER, Dr. BENTLEY and Mr. WHIPPLE. Full courses are also offered by the Faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy in History of Philosophy, History and Philosophy of Religion, Logic and Metaphysics, Ethics, and the Science and Art of Education. By FREDERICK E. BOLTON, Late Fellow in Psychology, Clark University. In this study we wish to investigate the influence that water has exerted in shaping and moulding man's psychic organism. The thoughts expressed in literature have been greatly influenced by pelagic conditions. Not only are there accounts of water spirits, nautical tales, etc., but almost every page bears evidence through metaphor of the modifications of thought and expression by water. Note the phrases "stemming the tide, "current of thought," "flowing robes," "torrents of joy," "a total wreck," " drown grief," "sinking in adversity," "ebbing life," etc. The poets have been especially inspired by the sea, the brook, the rill, etc. Many of the poems relating to water have been set to music, and have played a great rôle in religious worship. Hymnology is replete with allusions to water. What is now poetical allusion was in primitive times the expressions of belief. The poetry of to-day was the philosophy of yesterday. So, too, mythology chronicles as mere tales former firm beliefs. In this we find abundant evidence of the great influence water exerted upon savage peoples. Nearly all primitive peoples had their water spirits, and even the rivers and seas were supposed to be alive. The literature of all nations abounds with tales of fountains of youth, rivers of life, etc. Omens, superstitions, sayings relating to water and to water gods are numerous. Philosophy, religion, medicine, mythology, have all been influenced by various ideas concerning water. Besides the foregoing, all people have feelings about water which are only partially explainable by present relations and circumstances. Much may be explained by the vastness, the activity, the feeling of, individnal experiences, etc., but there is still a residuum wholly unaccounted for by individual experiences and by the phenomena themselves. Apparently, only the psychic history of the race can offer adequate explanations. If the causes do not not appear in the phenomena, the cause must be in the soul itself. The soul in its long period of development must have passed through experiences, the present manifestations of which are but reverberations of a remote psychic past. To trace the genesis of these conceptions and feelings and to study the reaction of people, both in the past and in the present, toward this phase of nature is the object of this investigation. EVIDENCES OF MAN'S PELAGIC ANCESTRY. There are several lines of argument which give such abundant proofs of man's pelagic ancestry that little doubt of it remains in the minds of scientists. Chief among these on the physical side are the proofs afforded by Embryology, Morphology, Paleontology and Pathology. Recent valuable additions have been made by a study of survival movements. By showing transitory characteristics in process, much may be gleaned indirectly from a study of these groups of animals which were once land animals, but which have returned to the sea. Each of these classes of evidence, with the exception of that drawn from Paleontology, will be passed in review. Embryological, ua. General. Man, like all other animals, begins life as a unicellular organism. The earliest stages of development which the human embryo passes through, so far as is known, resemble those of all other animals. The only difference between the development of the human embryo and the embryo of other animals is that the human embryo goes away beyond all other organisms in its unfoldment. But so close are the resemblances among the earliest embryonic stages that differences are unrecognizable. Some one has said, James, I think, that for some time no human being can determine whether a given embryo will turn out a frog or a philosopher. Romanes says that when man's animality becomes established, he exhibits the fundamental anatomical qualities which characterize such lowly animals as polyps and jelly-fish. And even when he is marked off as a Vertebrate, it cannot be said whether he is to be a fish, reptile, a bird or a beas* becomes evident that he is to be a Mammal, but net still can it be said to which order of mammals he be Not only do the embryonic forms of all vertebrate as resemble each other in their general characteristics, organs or systems of the higher mammals, can be traced or 1 Darwin and after Darwin, I, 119. 66 Ter it later |