Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of DeathUniversity of California Press, 2002 - 429 páginas Tales about organ transplants appear in mythology and folk stories, and surface in documents from medieval times, but only during the past twenty years has medical knowledge and technology been sufficiently advanced for surgeons to perform thousands of transplants each year. In the majority of cases individuals diagnosed as "brain dead" are the source of the organs without which transplants could not take place. In this compelling and provocative examination, Margaret Lock traces the discourse over the past thirty years that contributed to the locating of a new criterion of death in the brain, and its routinization in clinical practice in North America. She compares this situation with that in Japan where, despite the availability of the necessary technology and expertise, brain death was legally recognized only in 1997, and then under limited and contested circumstances. Twice Dead explores the cultural, historical, political, and clinical reasons for the ready acceptance of the new criterion of death in North America and its rejection, until recently, in Japan, with the result that organ transplantation has been severely restricted in that country. This incisive and timely discussion demonstrates that death is not self-evident, that the space between life and death is historically and culturally constructed, fluid, multiple, and open to dispute. In addition to an analysis of that professional literature on and popular representations of the subject, Lock draws on extensive interviews conducted over ten years with physicians working in intensive care units, transplant surgeons, organ recipients, donor families, members of the general public in both Japan and North America, and political activists in Japan opposed to the recognition of brain death. By showing that death can never be understood merely as a biological event, and that cultural, medical, legal, and political dimensions are inevitably implicated in the invention of brain death, Twice Dead confronts one of the most troubling questions of our era. |
Conteúdo
Accidental Death | 1 |
Trauma | 14 |
The Procurement | 17 |
The Gift | 23 |
Deaths Shadow | 27 |
Boundary Transgressions and Moral Uncertainty | 32 |
Reanimation | 54 |
Technology in Extremis | 57 |
Social Death and Situated Departures | 191 |
Disconcerting Movements | 208 |
Imagined Continuities On Becoming an Ancestor | 209 |
Memory Work | 232 |
When Bodies Outlive Persons | 235 |
Procurement Anxiety | 259 |
When Persons Linger in Bodies | 263 |
Transcendence through Music | 288 |
Narrow Escapes | 76 |
Locating the Moment of Death | 78 |
Jumping the Gun | 101 |
Making the New Death Uniform | 103 |
Tragedy | 127 |
Japan and the BrainDeath Problem | 130 |
Aggressive Harvesting | 147 |
Technology as Other Japanese Modernity and Technology Born of a BrainDead Mother | 149 |
Born of a BrainDead Mother | 165 |
Prevailing against Inertia An Interim Resolution to the BrainDeath Debate | 167 |
Becoming a Good Angel | 190 |
The Body Transcendent | 291 |
A Court Order | 310 |
The Social Life of Human Organs | 315 |
A Reliable Man | 341 |
An Unsatisfactory Intelligence | 345 |
Revisiting Vivisection in a World Short of Organs | 347 |
A Dubious Definitions of Death | 363 |
Reflections | 365 |
Bibliography | 379 |
417 | |
Outras edições - Ver todos
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death Margaret M. Lock Visualização parcial - 2002 |
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death Margaret M. Lock Visualização parcial - 2002 |
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death Margaret M. Lock Visualização parcial - 2002 |
Termos e frases comuns
alive ambiguity anencephalic apnea test argues Asahi Shinbun associated believe biological death blood brain death brain-dead bodies brain-dead donors brain-dead patients breathing century clinical committee commodification concept concerned corpse criteria culture dead bodies death and organ debate decision declared dissection doctors donate organs donor cards donor families dying emergency medicine ethical Europe feel function gift heart transplant hospital human death ical idea individual insists intensivists interviewed irreversible Japan Japanese Journal K'aila kidney transplants living cadaver modern moral neurologists North America Nōshi nurses opposed organ donation organ procurement organ transplants percent persistent vegetative person physicians practice premature burial recipients recognition of brain recognized relatives remains responses ritual social society stopped beating surgery things tion Tokyo tradition trans transplant coordinator transplant surgeons trauma United usually ventilator Wada waiting whole-brain death Yanagida Yomiuri Shinbun Youngner zōki ishoku