A Text-book of PsychologyMacmillan, 1909 "The present work has been written to take the place of the author's "Outline of Psychology." The Outline, which was stereotyped in 1896, had long passed beyond the possibility of revision, and the continued demand for it showed that there was still room in the science for a text-book which set experimental methods and experimental results in the forefront of discussion. The Text-book follows, in general, the lines laid down in the Outline. Broad topics discussed in this book include: sensation, affection, attention, perception, association, memory and imagination, action, emotion, and thought." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Termos e frases comuns
adaptation affection after-image animal appears aroused attention attribute auditory basilar membrane beats bitter bodily body chemical chology chroma clear cold colour blind combinational tones complex consciousness cutaneous degree dependent difference tones disc elementary elements end-organs experience experimental fact feeling free nerve-endings Further Reading Galton Whistle give grey hearing instance intensity of sensation internal ear introspection kinaesthetic liminal maculae means measure membrane ment mental processes method mind mixture muscle muscular natural nervous system noise noticeable differences object observation odours Olfactometer olfactory organic sensations otolith pain physical physiology pitch-number psychology psychophysical parallelism References for Further retina salt sations sensation sensations of light sense sense-organ sensory simple single skin smell sound sour Sphygmograph stimulus substances supraliminal sweet synaesthesia taste temperature Text-book theory thing tickling tint tion tissues tonal vibration vision visual sensation Weber's Law Wundt
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Página 3 - And so we find one authority laying it down that " in no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale...
Página xxxiii - Moreover, (b) the practised observer gets into an introspective habit, has the introspective attitude ingrained in his system; so that it is possible for him, not only to take mental notes while the observation is in progress, without interfering with consciousness, but even to jot down written notes, as the histologist does while his eye is still held to the ocular of the microscope.
Página xxxiii - I suppose, that scientific method may be summed up in the single word 'observation' ; the only way to work in science is to observe those phenomena which form the subject-matter of science. And observation means two things : attention to the phenomena, and record of the phenomena; clear experience, and communication of the experience in words or formulae. We shall agree, further, that, in order to secure clear experience and adequate report, science has recourse to experiment, - an experiment being...
Página xxviii - The world of physics, in which these types of experience are considered as independent of the experiencing person, is neither warm nor cold, neither dark nor light, neither silent nor noisy. It is only when the experiences are considered as dependent upon some person that we have warmth and cold, blacks and whites and colours and greys, tones and hisses and thuds. And these things are subject-matter of psychology. We find, then, a great difference in the aspect of experience, according as it is viewed...
Página xxxiii - ... the sum-total of mental processes occurring in the life-time of an individual, and we shall speak of consciousness when we mean the sum-total of mental processes occurring now, at any given "present" time. Consciousness will thus be a section, a division, of the mind-stream. This distinction is, indeed, already made in common speech: when we say that a man has "lost consciousness...
Página xxxiii - I am con" scious of a feeling, is merely to say that I feel it. To " have a feeling is to be conscious ; and to be conscious " is to have a feeling. To be conscious of the prick of the " pin, is merely to have the sensation. And though I " have these various modes of naming my sensation, by " saying, I feel the prick of a pin, I feel the pain of a * Analysis of the Human Mind, i. 170-172. " priclc, I have the sensation of a prick, I have the feel...
Página xxxiii - To say that I am conscious of a feeling, is merely to say that I feel it. To have a feeling is to be conscious, and to be conscious is to have a feeling.
Página xxxiii - Suppose that you are shown two paper discs, the one of an uniform violet, the other composed half of red and half of blue. Your problem is, so to adjust the proportions of red and blue in the second disc that the violet which appears on rotation exactly matches the violet of the first disc. You may repeat this set of observations as often as you will; you may isolate the observations by working in a room that is free from...
Página 229 - The writer hazards the guess that the peripheral organs of affection are the free afferent nerve-endings — what are ordinarily called the free sensory nerve-endings — distributed through the various tissues of the body ; and he takes these free endings to represent a lower level of organic development than the specialised receptive organs, or organs of sense. Had mental development been carried further, pleasantness and unpleasantness might have become sensations : in all likelihood would have...
Página xxxiii - ... for psychological purposes, the living body may be reduced to the nervous system and its attachments. Mind thus becomes the sum-total of human experience considered as dependent upon a nervous system. And since human experience is always process, occurrence...