TRADITIONS OF STRATHGLASS. BY COLIN CHISHOLM. I. In this and the succeeding papers on the traditions of my native glen, I shall only select such legends as truthful and trustworthy people used to recite : Straghlais a chruidh Chininn Cha robh mi ann aineol, There is an old tradition in Strathglass that all the inhabitants of the name of Chisholm in the district are descended from a colony of emigrants who left Caithness in troublesome times and located themselves in the Glen. From my earliest recollection I used to hear this story among the people. Some believed, some doubted, and some denied it altogether. In MacIan's sketches of the Highland Clans, there is a short account of the Clan Chisholm and how they settled in the Highlands, by James Logan, F.S.A. Scot., written by him for MacIan when he was a librarian in the British Museum, where he collected the data from which he wrote his admirable history of the "Scottish Gael." Finding the old Strathglass tradition partly, if not wholly substantiated by the following extract from No. 2, page 1, of the joint sketches by MacIan and Logan, let me place it before the reader, that he may judge for himself: : "Harald, or Guthred, Thane of Caithness, flourished in the latter part of the twelfth century. Sir Robert Gordon gives him the surname of Chisholm; and the probability is, that it was the general name of his followers. He married the daughter of Madach, Earl of Athol, and became one of the most powerful chiefs in the north, where he created continued disturbances during the reign of William the Lion, by whom he was at last defeated and put to death, his lands being divided between Freskin, ancestor of the Earls of Sutherland, and Manus, or Magnus, son of Gillibreid, Earl of Angus. It seems that, from the rigorous prosecution to which the followers of Harald were subjected, they were compelled, as was the case with several other clans in troublous times, to seek for new possessions; and Strathglass offered an eligible position for maintaining their independence. These proceedings occurred about 1220." This passage treats of one portion only of the traditional exodus of the Chisholms from Caithness, but the old Seanachies in the district used to say that most of the emigrants from Caithness continued their western march until they reached Strathglass. Yet, some remained behind. As a proof of this, it used to be pointed out that families of the name of Chisholm were found located in almost every district between Strathglass and Caithness. It can hardly be supposed that the newly arrived emigrants found Strathglass a land of milk and honey. If tradition is to be relied on, they had to displace a formidable enemy in the powerful Clan Forbes. It would appear that the Forbeses disputed every inch of what they considered to be their own territory with the Chisholms. The fortunes of war favoured the unwelcome intruders from the east, and their descendants are to this day in possession of Strathglass. If charters or royal grants of land required attestation on sheepskin in those times, tradition is conveniently silent about such "trifling cobwebs." As might be expected the Chisholms had to guard their newly acquired possessions very sedulously. It is alleged that they kept watch and ward on both sides of the river Glass. The precipitous hill on whose ledgy bosom revels, runs, and leaps the famous Alt-na-glas-stig-(this burn was understood to be the headquarters of all the goblins of the glen)-was the watch-tower on the northern side of the strath; and on the opposite rocks of Crochail the sentry for the southern side used to be posted. There was no scarcity of loose pieces of rock or boulders of stone on either of these primitive military stations, and woe be to the enemy passing below while an active line of mountaineers continued to pour down such missiles before, behind, and among them. It is stated that by this sort of guerilla warfare the inhabitants of Strathglass turned back an army without coming to close quarters with them. It may be inferred that the Clan Forbes looked with a jealous eye on their successors in Strathglass, and small blame to them if they did. Yet the traditions of the district do not reveal any continuous ill-feeling between the two clans. The only incident we heard of the kind among them was a serious affair in the church attached to the Clachan of Comar. In this quarrel, which took place about the middle of the sixteenth century, the principals were Alexander Chisholm and his father-in-law, "big Forbes." The origin of the dispute is not known, otherwise it would be related in the tradition. It appears that this Alexander Chisholm was a man of violent and ungovernable temper. The instant big Forbes saw his son-in-law on this occasion getting into a towering passion he sought safety in flight; the cruel son-in-law gave chase, naked sword in hand, and dealt, as he thought, a mortal blow to sever the head of Forbes from his body. He missed his aim, however, and delivered the blow against a stone forming part of the door archway. The roofless walls of this church are still standing intact, and the incision made by the desperate blow is pointed out to strangers and commented on with execration at all the funerals in the district when people meet; and probably this has been the practice from the time of the occurrence until now. Forbes fled through the churchyard, followed by Chisholm for about a quarter of a mile, until he was caught east of Kerrow, where his brutal son-in-law stabbed him to death. The field where he was assassinated is still called Iomaire an Fhoirbeisich, or Forbes' field, This barbarous murder would seem to have been the result of a family quarrel. In addition to other crimes, it is said that this Alexander Chisholm forced the wife of one of the Macraes of Kintail to leave her children and an affectionate husband to elope with him. At the time this act took place Macrae was residing at Aridhuagan, on the Letterfearn side of Kintail. The injured man appears not to have harboured any great ill-feeling against his wife, for he sent one of her sons after her to Strathglass, possibly under the impression that having one of her children with her would make her happier in her new situation. This son was worthy of a better preceptor than Chisholm, for he became an excellent member of society, and his descendants ranked among the best tacksmen in Strathglass. From the "Genealogy of the Macraes," the perusal of which I obtained from the editor of the Celtic Magazine since the foregoing was in MS., I find this woman was a daughter of Sir Dugall Mackenzie, "priest of Kintail," and that her husband was Finlay Macrae, whose brother Duncan lived at Crochail, and that it was during a visit to Duncan, her brotherin-law, that she became acquainted with Chisholm. "Sir Dugall's daughter was a very beautiful woman, but probably verified the saying, Rara concordia formæ atque prudentiæ; for Alexander Du Chisholm, son of Chisholm of Comar, falling in love with her, could not conceal his passion, but gave cause to people to think that he designed to decoy her from her husband, in so much that Finlay was advised to return with her home, which he did sooner than he otherwise intended. But the aforesaid Alexander Du Chisholm, with some confidants, going privately to Kintail, went the length of Arighugan, where Finlay then lived, and waiting the opportunity of his being from home, carried away his wife, and a young boy, his son, named Christopher, who followed his mother to Strathglass, where he became an able and rich man, and lived all his days. Of him are come the Macraes of Strathglass, and severals in Kintail. Finlay thinking his wife had been privy to the plot, disdained to call her back, and so repudiated her." It is said this Alexander Chisholm murdered one of the Lovat family in Beinn-bhan, a hill between Giusachan and Glenmoriston. There is a cairn built on the spot to commemorate the tragic event, called Carn-mhicShimidh, or Lovat's Cairn. It is said that they were returning home from a battle in the south, and having arrived in sight of Erchless, Chisholm remarked that he could now "perceive Lurga-mhor-Eirchlais, where my brother was murdered." "'S olc an t'am cuimhnichidh so Alastair" (This is a bad time for reminding me of that event), said MacShimidh. "Cha bhi e nis fhearr an traths" (It will not be better just now), replied the Chisholm. Then began the quarrel that ended fatally for Lovat. The old people of the district assert that men from the Fraser estate were seen in pursuit of the Chisholm, who ran off from his own house in Erchless, one of the Frasers shouting after him— Seasamh math a Shiosalaich, Which means— Stand fast, Chisholm, You are in your own country. This appeal to his pride and manhood stopped him instantly, and his enemies coming up killed him on the spot. It was to avenge the death of his half-brother, the young Chisholm, that Alastair Dubh committed the murder in Beinn-bhan. Enough, however, has been said of this cruel miscreant. What remains to be told is that not one of his descendants is now to be found in the Highlands. And I regret to have to record, in the interests of truth, such misdeeds on the part of a clansman, and to have to mention such a detestable crime on the part of Alastair Dubh Mac-an-t-Siosalaich. (To be Continued.) Genealogical Notes and Queries. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. THE CRERARS, AND YOUNG MACIAN OF GLENCO. IN a recent number of the Celtic Magazine I observe that one of your correspondents asks for information anent the origin of the name "Crerar." As no one else has, as far as I have seen, volunteered a response to the enquiries of our friend, I give the following version of the matter as I have had it, from men of Breadalbane, which, I am told, is the cradle of the Crerar race. The first of this name is said to have been a Mackintosh-in hiding for some offences that made him amenable to the penalties of the law. His lurking whereabouts were somewhere on the banks of Lochtay. Closely pursued by the officers of justice, he fled to the village of Acharn, near Kenmore-passed into the meal mill there; and having explained to the miller, whom he knew, the cause of his hasty visit, implored his protection. The miller, a man of ready resource, as the story goes, and who was sifting at the moment the unfortunate fugitive appealed to him, flourished his sieve right over him, and snowed him white from top to toe. To complete this extemporised impersonation he put the sieve into his hands, and bade him play the miller, or miller's man, as occasion might require. Soon his pursuers found their way into the mill; made minute enquiries anent the fugitive, but failed to recognise in the man with the sieve the object of their pursuit. From this incident, which was the means of saving his life, Mackintosh assumed the name of Crerar. Criathar is the Gaelic for sieve, and Criathrar (Crerar) is the Gaelic for sifter. Mackintosh settled at Lochtayside, married, had a family, and is, I am told, ancestor of those that bear this name, some of whom have since resumed the original surname. It is not uncommon in the Highlands of Perthshire to meet with individuals who have two surnames. Crerars are Mackintoshes, Macomies are Andersons, Mactavishes are Campbells, Mackays and Macvicars are Macnaughtons, and the Cairds make Sinclairs of themselves. How to explain this I do not know; unless in unruly times bygone, others besides our acquaintance Mackintosh were forced, as he was by stress of weather, to hide themselves under the mask of an assumed name. The second query, which is from your Leith correspondent, and which has reference to the sons of Glenco who perished in the massacre, I can only partially answer. As to the second son I have no information to give. But John, the elder of the two, found refuge with the Macdonells of Livisie, near Invermoriston. This Glenmoriston tradition has been embodied in the following stanza of "Oran na Faoighe," by Archibald Grant, the Glenmoriston bard : Tha Cloinn Iain Ruaidh Libhisie Thug iad cuid de'n mhir dhomh, Tha ceudan de bhliadh'nan Bho'n shiolaich iad ann. 'N oidhche mhòrt bha 'n Gleann-a-comhan Bha droch gnothach thall; 'S iad a ghlac an t'oighre, 'S ghabh greim dheth air ball. Till towards the end of the fifteenth century, Glenmoriston formed part of the princely dominions of the Lords of the Isles and Earls of Ross, and for many generations was held of them by Cloinn-Iain-Ruaidh—a branch of the great Macdonald confederacy. Annually at the Inn of Aonach, in the braes of Glenmoriston, Macianruaidh, their chief or ceanntighe, met the Lord of the Isles to renew their bond of friendship and mutual fidelity, which was done in the primitive style of exchanging shirts. This ceremony constituted Macianruaidh the " Leine-chrios," or faithful ally of his insular Majesty. But when it was found needful to curtail the almost regal power of these potentates, besides other portions of their territories, they were deprived of Glenmoriston, which was handed over to the Grants of Freuchie. These encroachments on their hereditary rights were resisted by Macianruaidh and his allies; but they were eventually obliged to yield to the irresistible pressure of circumstances. conciliate them, John Mor, first of the Grant lairds there, constituted Macianruaidh tutor to his eldest son Patrick Og; from whom his descendants take the patronymic of Mac'ic-Phatrick. These Livisie Macdonalds were allied by marriage to the House of Glenco. This may account for their prompt and seasonable friendship towards the young chief. To It was during his stay at Livisie that the following incident occurred at a marriage festival. It was the mutton and not the wine which became scarce on the occasion; and young Macian, who seems to have been a wag as well as a poet, said to his host: Iain 'ic Dhomhail o'n t-shian A bha fuireach an Libhisie riamh. To which the other replied impromptu : A chloinn Iain Ghlinnecomhan, The last two lines allude to the part the Glenco men had in the fight at Stroinachlachain, near Killin, in which skirmish several cadets of the Breadalbane family were slain. It is said that the connection John Glas, Earl of Breadalbane, is alleged to have had with the massacre, was in resentment of this injury. The above-mentioned Ian-mac DhomhuilMacianruaidh, was a poet of merit. A poem by him in praise of "Coiriarrairidh," is not much inferior to Macintyre's "Coirecheathaich." |