thing but their dress; this is all easily explained by the relative developement of Intellect and Approbativeness, and the circumstances which have directed their attention to different subjects.

Good clerks, and accomptants, have this large; and it is of the greatest importance to merchants, especially if they have it small themselves, to select assistants who have it large. It is also large in females, and they are proverbial for their habits of putting things "to rights."

Order must not be confounded with system, which is the result of Reflection. I know many individuals who are very systematic-they plan well, but they need an assistant continually at their elbows, to execute their plans in an orderly manner. I know others, who are remarkable for order, but are totally incapable of conceiving a complicated and systematic plan.

9. NUMBER.

Hadad.

What knowest thou of the stars?

Tamar. I know them numberless, resplendent, set

As symbols of the countless, countless years
That make eternity.--Hillhouse.

The multiplicity of objects that are of the same apparent form, size, weight, colour, and order, would involve the mind in the greatest perplexity, did we not possess this faculty of counting, or perceiving plurality. Objects that differ from each other in regard to any of the five qualities which I have already described, can be distinguished from each other by appearances; but objects which are alike in

their appearance, cannot be distinguished from each other without the use of numbers; thus, if we see twenty posts, at such a distance that they all appear alike, we can designate one from another only by numbers.

1 would here respectfully point out an error into which some good phrenologists have fallen, in supposing that Order should be preceded by Number, in the arrangement of these organs. Mr. Combe, 397 page says:— "Order supposes a plurality of objects, but one may have ideas about a number of things, and their qualities, without considering them in any order whatever." And he accordingly ranks Number before Order. Spurzheim also says: "The idea of order supposes plurality, but number may exist without order." Now I acknowledge that there cannot be order without number; but it does not follow that we must perceive number before we perceive order.

Let me ask what can there be without number; do not the five senses, and Individuality-does not the organ of Color, adapted as it is to the seven primary colors, suppose the existence of plurality? does not our very existence, "suppose a plurality of objects," previously existing ?

But Mr. Combe says: "We may have ideas about a number of things without considering them in any order whatever. I reply, so may the animals, that are destitute of both Order and Number; but all animals do not have ideas of several things of the same appearance at once; they certainly have ideas of a number of things, but not as numbers. I once knew an idiot, who, although he could not count ten, yet, out of his father's flock of fifty sheep, if one was missing he was always the first to discover it; for he knew every one of them by some peculiar mark; and he had names for them, expressive of their peculiarities, such as crook-horn, smut-face, &c.; but he could not distinguish the difference between a lot of thirteen eggs and another lot of

a dozen. Again I reply, we may also have ideas about the order of things, without having any idea of their number. This same idiot, who could not count ten, was yet extremely fond of order. Dr. Spurzheim mentions that the Sauvage de l'Avignon at Paris, though an idiot in a very high degree, cannot bear to see a chair, or any other object, out of its place. He also saw, in Edinburgh, a girl who, in many respects, was idiotic, but in whom the love of order was very active. She avoided her brother's apartment, in consequence of the confusion that prevailed in it.

Again, the lower animals manifest order in the most perfect and astonishing manner, but they manifest number very imperfectly. Spurzheim says: "I am not certain whether this faculty (Number,) exists in animals." Combe also remarks: "It seems difficult to determine whether the faculty exists in the lower animals or not." This fact alone would seem to decide the question of precedence in favor of Order. Another important fact is, that in ordinary transactions we always use order before number.* When we wish to count a number of articles, we arrange them in some order, that we may perform the operation with greater facility; for if the articles are in confusion, we find it next to impossible to count them. These two organs are of the greatest importance to merchants. Those who have the organ of Number large, can compute, without using the slate, with a rapidity and accuracy which to others is incomprehensible. This faculty does not give the ability to solve difficult arithmetical problems, it only gives the power to perform with rapidity and accuracy any operation in addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division; but it must be combined with higher powers, to produce skill in the higher and more difficult branches of mathematics. Zerah

*I am indebted to a lady for this suggestion.

Colburn, the youth who astonished the world with this talent, was but an ordinary mathematician; and accordingly his organ of Number was very large, but Causality moderate. Both Order and Number are large in the bust of Washington, and his whole life was in harmony with this fact. In the papers in his own hand writing which he has left behind, though very voluminous, every I is dotted, every T crossed, and scarce a blot to be found upon them. His accounts were kept in the most regular manner, and perfectly correct.

This organ is large in the bust of Alexander Hamilton, and in La Grange, the greatest of French mathematicians.

MIDDLE RANGE OF PERCEPTIVES.

10. DIRECTION, OR LOCALITY.

There is a power whose care

Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,

The desert and illimitable air-

Lone wandering but not lost.--Bryant to a Waterfowl.

This may, I think, be defined the perception of the direction of objects, or the perception of the points of the compass. Dr. Gall calls it "the memory of places," Dr. Spurzheim states that "the special faculty of this organ, remains to be determined. It seems to me," says he, "that t is the faculty of Locality in general. As soon as we ave conceived the existence of an object, and its qualities, must necessarily occupy a place, and this is the faculty hat conceives the places occupied by the objects that suround us." Sir George S. Mackenzie considers the primary aculty to be that of perceiving relative positions."

It is certain that the part is largely developed in the heads

of all celebrated travellers, geographers, geometricians, &c. but I neither agree with Gall, "that it alone gives the memory of places," nor with Spurzheim, that it is "the faculty of locality in general," nor yet with Sir G. S. Mackenzie, that it "perceives relative positions." I conceive it to be simply the perception of direction. Place, or locality is a complex perception. To perceive a place, requires the action of Individuality, Form and Size, besides the faculty under consideration. When we know the form, and size, and distance, and color of a thing, we may yet be totally ignorant of its place; but now if we are informed of its direction, our idea of its place is complete. Again, we may have a correct idea of the direction of an object, and know nothing of its form, or size, or distance, or color, and we may also be ignorant of its adjacent parts; we cannot then be said to know its place. It will now be perceived that the idea of place is complicated, while the idea of direction is simple. The same reasoning is opposed to its being called "the perception of relative positions," as that is a still more complicated idea, since it implies a knowledge of several places or positions.

Migratory animals manifest this faculty in a much greater degree than man. Swallows, pidgeons, geese, and many other birds of passage, possess a power of this kind which has always been a subject of wonder. The periodical migration of animals, was by Dr. Gall, accounted for, by supposing a periodical and involuntary excitement of this organ. But it seems to me more reasonable that the propensity to migrate depends upon a peculiar mode of action of Inhabi tiveness. In explaining the organs, it must be continually borne in mind, that actions are produced only by the Propensities; and that the Intellectual organs merely perceive objects, and their qualities and relations. The Propensities urge on the actions, and the Intellectuals direct the actions to