Large Individuality, Size, and Direction, give a memory of places and positions.

The remarks which I made concerning the effects of the propensities in producing talents, are equally applicable to memory; thus, large Acquisitiveness will cause the intellect to remember the circumstances and amount of a debt; Approbativeness will cause Language to remember the words of praise or censure; and Alimentiveness will cause Chemicality to remember the flavor of a favorite dish; but this effect is produced by the propensities calling the attention to the subject; memory is produced only by the Intellectuals, but the subject remembered depends upon the propensities.

The reason why some persons have a memory of one class of ideas and not of another is obvious, since the power of memory is in proportion to the size of the Intellectual organ upon which the memory depends. I have seen many instances of parents being vain of the talents of their children, because a great memory of words was manifested; and in other instances I have seen them despairing of success in the education of children who really possessed excellent talents, but were deficient only in Language, or Eventuality; but the principles just explained, will serve to correct these

errors.

IMPRESSION-Is an effect produced upon the senses, and conveyed to the intellect.

PERCEPTION-Is the act of the intellect which is excited by an impression, and immediately follows it. There are as many kinds of perception as of Intellectual organs.

CONCEPTION-Is the intellectual operation which succeeds perception, and consists in combining perceptions with previously acquired ideas, and producing new ideas by combination.

IMAGINATION-Is rapid conception; it is most frequently applied to those new combinations of ideas which are unnatural and improbable.

Imagination is much modified by temperament, by excitement, and by disease; the more active the temperament, the more vivid will be the imagination. Some persons are too lymphatic to have much imagination; their perceptions remain in their minds, or are repeated continually, without combining sufficiently to constitute new ideas. "Some indolent people," says Darwin, "hum the same tune, or repeat the same verses for hours together," thus

Onward he trudged, not knowing what he sought,
And whistled as he went, for want of thought.

A nervous, or sanguine-nervous temperament, is most favorable to imagination. Poets generally have such a temperament; and Shakespeare's description is true to nature, when he says,

The lunatic, the lover, and the poet,

Are of imagination all compact.

One sees more devils than vast hell can hold,

That is the madman: the lover all as frantic,

Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt:

The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling,

Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,

And as imagination bodies forth

The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen

Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothings,

A local habitation and a name.

Ideas of perception are always true to reality, except in cases of disease, or illusion of the senses; but ideas of conception and imagination being combinations of the perceptions, may be unnatural and unreal, and then are commonly said to be "creations of the brain," "the effects of a fertile imagination."

Thus the Sphinx of the ancient Greeks, a monster which had the head and breast of a woman, the body of a dog, the

tail of a serpent, the wings of a bird, the paws of a lion, and a human voice, is a conception produced by an unnatural combination of several perceptions of natural objects. The same is true of Milton's conception of Sin, that "Seemed woman to the waist, and fair, But ended foul in many a scaly fold, Voluminous and vast, a serpent armed

With mortal sting; about her middle round

A cry of hell-hounds, never ceasing, barked

With wide Cerberean inouths full loud, and rung

A hideous peal."

But however unnatural the combinations, they never in health, disprove or contradict the perceptions; and no man by force of imagination, can persuade himself that vinegar is sweet, or

"Hold fire in his hand,

By thinking on the frosty Caucasus;
Or cloy the hungry edge of appetite
By bare imagination of a feast;

Or wallow naked in December's snow

By thinking on fantastic summer's heat."

When a well formed and philosophical intellect is excited by an imaginative temperament, the conceptions will be in agreement with the rules of propriety and the laws of nature; and it was doubtless in this sense that De Alembert spoke of the necessity of imagination to a mathematician. Professor Mitchell, of the Wesleyan Academy, Mass., informed me that it was common for him to retire to bed with an unsolved problem in his mind, and during the night to call up before his mind's eye, (his Form, Size, Direction, and Order,) all the figures on the black board, and then in imagination combine them anew again and again until he at last arrived at a correct result; and in one instance he fell asleep while thus engaged, and actually dreamed out a solution to a problem that he had previously failed to solve when awake.

ASSOCIATION-Is that law of the mind by which, if one idea is excited, it is followed or accompanied with other ideas. Darwin remarks: "All the fibrous motions, whether muscular or sensual, which are frequently brought into action together, either in combined tribes or successive trains, become so connected by habit, that when one of them is reproduced, the others have a tendency to succeed or accompany it; thus, the taste of a pine apple recalls the color and shape, although we eat it blind-folded: we can scarcely think of solidity without figure. In learning to fence, or perform any mechanical operation, or in learning any kind of science, we acquire a habit of using certain fibres in association at the same time."

The same principle which accounts for the association of the bodily organs, will undoubtedly apply to the organs of the mind. If several organs have been in the habit of acting together, they become so associated that when one is excited to action the others involuntarily unite with it; this is much more likely to be the case, if the organs are contiguous to each other. It is therefore not difficult to understand how the action of the organ of Weight should be naturally associated with Form and Color, so that we can scarcely have an idea of solidity without figure and color. It is also a stated maxim in Phrenology, that the largest organs are habitually active in combination; so that when one is excited the others are apt to associate in action with it. It is upon this principle that artificial associations are formed, and the science of mnemonics, or artificial memory, is based; by associating new and unexpected ideas with certain familiar objects, so that by calling up an object, the idea comes up by being associated with it. But this kind of artificial memory can only be useful by being regulated upon phrenological principies, so that the idens acquired by the small organs may be associated with the large organs.

I know a lady who has Language small, and Form, Color, Order and Number large, and she can only remember names by calling to mind their appearance when written.

ATTENTION-Is when Individuality is directed to a particular object; but what the object shall be, depends upon the other organs; we attend to those things which are most interesting to our largest propensities. Alimentiveness for example, prompts Individuality to attend to food; Constructiveness, to mechanical structures; and Parentiveness to children.