tive in -os, eos, but by the common addition of the element -ya. The change from o to e, in the first syllable of the adjective, is due to the greater weight of evdeλexns (above, § 222). The element of dorixo's is found in all the languages of the Indo-Germanic family, and may be detected also in the Hebrew (above, § 209). In Sanscrit, it appears as the root drih "to grow," adjective dîrgha "long," Zend darega, Belistun daraga (Rawlinson, As. Soc. XI. 1, p. 188), Persian dira, Sclavonic dolgüi, Bohemian dlauhy, Polish dlugi, Servian dyg, Lithuanian ilga, Lettish ilg, Old Prussian ilga, and, probably, by dissimilation, the Latin longus, Gothic laggs, German lang, English long. Pott suggests (Etym. Forsch. I. 87) that in-dulgere belongs to this root, with the original signification of larius, or longius reddere, remittere, just as languere seems to be connected with longus, and we admit the derivation as at least probable: the meaning to which he refers seems to be found in Virgil, Georgic. II. 276: Sin tumulis acclive solum collesque supinos, and in the preface of Aulus Gellius: Animus, interstitione negotiorum aliqua data, laxari indulgerique potuisset. The Sanscrit, Zend, and Persian forms approach nearly to the Greek dópu, dpûs, in which some meaning of growth and length is obviously contained. The Lettish verb ilgt "to delay," also belongs to this class: also, the Anglo-Saxon telg, "a plant," the Gothic tulgjan "to strengthen," and the Latin largus (Pott, Elym. Forsch. I. p. 251). The idea of prolongation and continuance, which is conveyed by evdeλexns, and with which this etymology entirely accords, is directly opposed to the notion of antecedent completeness suggested by évteλéxeiα. As we have seen above (343), the evTeλéxeia belongs to the same class of definitions with the τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι, which, being a πρώτη ουσία or abstraction, precedes the actual or concrete existence of the thing, and carries us back by inference to what it was (192): ὥστε τὸ τί ἦν εἶναί ἐστιν ὅσων ὁ λόγος EoTv opioμós (Aristot. Metaphys. VI. 4. § 9). Accordingly, the words in question stand opposed in much the same way as if they were different predications of tense; and while evdeλexn's points to the present and the future (Plat. Tim. 58, c, quoted above), which imply continuous motion, évteλéxea is an expression of the præteritum ac perfectum tempus, and belongs to the category of the immoveable. M M THE NEW CRATYLUS. BOOK IV. THE VERB. CHAPTER I. THE PERSON-ENDINGS. 345 Original comprehensiveness of the verb. 346 Causes which led to the mutilation of the affixes. 347 The person-endings are objective cases of the personal pronouns. 348 Differences of voice are only different cases of the pronominal affix. 349 A. Primary forms. 1st person singular. Reasons for believing that verbs in -μ are older than verbs in -w. 350 Successive mutilations of -μ. Quantity of the original penultima. 351 In the active, the person-ending represents the instrumental or ablative case. 352 In the middle, it represents the locative. 353 2nd person singular. Usual form in -σ-. The by-form is -0-, not -o-0. 354 Evanescence of the characteristic of this person. 355 3rd person singular. Active in -T, -Tw: middle in -Taι, -Tηv. 356 1st person plural. Active μες for -με-σι. 357 Middle -μεθα, «μεθον, for - μεθαι, -μεθην. 358 2nd person plural. Active -Te for -Tes: middle -o0e for -σ0ai and -o0nv. 359 3rd person plural. Difficulties occasioned by the dual. 360 Plural in -vтɩ and -vtai. Explanation of -āσt. 361 Origin of -VT. 362 Latin person-endings. Difficulties of the passive forms. Igitur. The second persons. Are participial predications without a copula allowable in Greek? 363 B. Secondary forms. Active suffixes. Explanation of -σav. 364 Middle suffixes. They are not reduplications. 365 Table of existing forms. 366 Influence of the weight of the person-endings. 345 THOSE HOSE students, whose notions of the nature of a verb are derived from the appearance of that part of speech in our own and indeed in most modern languages, will not be able to understand very well the meaning of the term as applied in the grammars of the ancient languages. A verb in |