Galaxy Formation and EvolutionSpringer Science & Business Media, 17 de ago. de 2005 - 198 páginas An Astronomical Life – Observing the Depths of the Universe” Though science as a subject can be di?cult, what has been more important for me is that its practice can also be rewarding fun! This book is crafted to expose the reader to the excitement of modern observational cosmology through the study of galaxy evolution over space and cosmic time. Recent extragalactic research has led to many rapid advances in the ?eld. Even a suitable skeptic of certain pronouncements about the age and structure of the Universe should be pleased with the large steps that have been taken in furthering our understanding of the Universe since the early 1990’s. My personal involvement in galaxy research goes back to the 1960’s. At that point, galaxies were easily recognized and partially understood as organized c- lections of stars and gas. What their masses were presented a problem, which I supposed would just fade away. But fade it didn’t. Distant active nuclei and quasars were discovered in the mid-1960’s. A c- mon view of QSOs was that they have large redshifts, but what use are they for cosmology or normal galaxy astrophysics? I shared that conclusion. My expec- tions fell below their potential utility. In short, the Universe of our expectations rarely matches the Universe as it is discovered. |
Conteúdo
Taking the Measure of the LowRedshift Universe | 1 |
11 Local Galaxy Types and their Bulk Properties | 2 |
112 The Hubble Classification Scheme | 5 |
113 Morphological Breakdown of Nearby Galaxies | 6 |
114 Surface Brightness Distributions | 8 |
116 Distance Calibration | 9 |
117 The Luminosity Functions of Local Galaxies | 10 |
118 Gas in Nearby Galaxies | 11 |
3122 The Question of Galaxy Biasing | 102 |
313 Summary | 105 |
Galaxies at the Contemporary Limits | 113 |
412 Surveys at Energetic Wavebands | 115 |
413 Millimeter and Submillimeter Galaxies at the Limit | 116 |
42 Traditional Searches for Distant Objects | 117 |
Galaxies at z 3 to z 65 | 118 |
422 Using the Lya Emission Line to Locate Extremely Distant Galaxies | 121 |
12 Starbursts and ULIRGs | 15 |
13 Merger Rates and Merger Signs | 16 |
14 The Nature of AGN | 19 |
142 Nearby Powerful Radio Galaxies | 20 |
143 Xray Bright Nuclei | 22 |
15 Groups Clusters and Rich Clusters of Galaxies | 23 |
16 Astronomical Instrumentation at the Millennium | 26 |
162 Radio Telescopes | 28 |
163 The Spitzer Space Telescope | 29 |
17 The Role of Large Sky Surveys | 31 |
18 Summary | 32 |
Which Properties of Galaxies can Likely Evolve and be Measured? | 37 |
21 Galaxy Interactions | 38 |
22 Evolution of the Stellar Content of Normal Galaxies | 41 |
23 Evolution of the Gas Mass Fraction | 42 |
24 The Chemical Evolution of Galaxies | 43 |
25 The Chemical Evolution of AGN at Moderate Distance | 45 |
26 Summary | 47 |
Observations of an Evolving Universe | 51 |
32 What is New in Galaxy Counts? | 52 |
33 The Sizes and Morphologies of Galaxies at Fairly High Redshift | 57 |
34 Explaining Building Block Galaxies at High Redshift | 64 |
35 One Small Problem Resolving Galaxy Bars | 66 |
36 Is there Evolution in the Stellar Content of E Galaxies? | 68 |
37 Galaxy Clusters Now and as they were at Moderate Redshift | 70 |
Changes from z 1 to Here and Now at z 0 | 73 |
39 Emission Lines as a Starformation Proxy out to z 1 | 74 |
310 Abundance Variations at Moderate Redshifts Different Targets and Methods | 77 |
3101 Spectroscopy of Starforming Galaxies and their Metallicities | 79 |
3102 AGN Chemical Abundance Evolution | 82 |
3103 The Abundance Evolution of Damped Lya Absorption Systems | 91 |
Evolution at Large Redshifts | 93 |
312 Measures of Large scale Structure | 99 |
423 Narrowband Detections | 123 |
424 Distant Galaxies Detected as Lya Serendips | 125 |
43 Record Redshifts | 129 |
44 QSOs and AGN near the Contemporary Limits | 130 |
45 Galaxy Morphology at Highz | 134 |
46 Large scale Structure at Highz | 135 |
Observational Cosmology | 141 |
51 The Advent of the Cosmological Constant | 145 |
52 Dark Energy | 147 |
53 CMBderived parameters | 151 |
532 The Correspondence between LargeScale Structure and P | 157 |
533 Constraints on Hubbles Constant and the Age of the Universe | 158 |
535 Checking on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis | 159 |
536 An Intriguing Discrepancy | 161 |
54 Summary | 163 |
Astronomical Instrumentation of the Future | 167 |
62 New Techniques at the Focal Plane | 168 |
Optimized Background Subtraction | 172 |
63 New Tools to Reach Dim and Distant Galaxies | 173 |
632 Allen Telescope Array | 175 |
633 The Square Kilometre Array | 176 |
635 The Spitzer Space Telescope SIRTF | 178 |
636 The James Webb Space Telescope | 179 |
64 Summary | 180 |
Briefly Some Overall Conclusions and Problems | 183 |
73 Proper Sizes | 184 |
74 SFR and Mergers | 185 |
76 The ReIonization State of the Early IGM | 187 |
77 Evolution of QSOs | 188 |
78 A Concluding Remark | 190 |
193 | |
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abundance accretion angular ApJL Array astronomers astrophysical asymmetry baryons clouds comoving Conselice continuum correlation function correlation length cosmological constant dark matter detected detectors disk distance distant galaxies dust Einstein-de Sitter emission lines emission-line evolution evolving extragalactic faint FIGURE flux fraction galactic galaxy clusters globular clusters halo high redshift high-z Hubble Hubble constant ionized LBGs luminosity distance luminosity function luminous Lya emission line Lya galaxies Lya line Lyman magnitude mass massive mergers metallicity MNRAS morphological nearby galaxies nuclei number density observations optical parameters photometric photons physical population QSOs quasars radio galaxies ratio regions relatively resolution result rich clusters sample scale shows simulations Space Telescope spatial spectral spectroscopy spectrum Spinrad star-forming starburst stars Steidel stellar Strehl ratios structure sub-millimeter suggests surface brightness surface density survey Universe wavelengths WMAP X-ray