FIFTH SERIES. No. 4.-VOL. XI.] BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 25, 1841. [VOL. LXI.-WHOLE NO. 1,565. THE PAST-THE PRESENT--FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND published, EVERY SATURDAY, BY JEREMIAH HUGHES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. 'for restriction. CONTENTS OF NO. 4, VOL. 11. with every country with whom we had intercourse; | all the numbers I have, including those published by EDITORIAL-free trade for free trade, and restriction and from thence up to the day of the date hereof, been William Ogden Niles, (and some of both series are FOREIGN AFFAIRS G. Britain, Queen Victoria's speech, the first to propose, and the last to adhere to an in- missing, having never come to hand, but not many)—— debate in parliament on the reply, Defeat and resignation tercourse with one and all, which, according to the whether you will make them complete and have them of the whig miniters, Debate on the McLeod case, New ministers installed, State of trade, Items from France, tenets of the strictest sect of "free trade" profes- bound for me, and at what charge? In doing which, Spain, Germany, Austria, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Can-sors, should open the widest latitude between man you will greatly oblige a friend and well-wisher to dia, Canada. NATIONAL AFFAIRS -Appointments by the president, and man, and least obstruct the transfer of any thing the cause you sustain-your country's cause, every The departments, Diplomatic items. whatever, from those who have to those who want. man's cause. But the blind cannot see, and the deaf MR. SECRETARY BADGER's letter relative to resignation. The people of the United States have resources am- cannot hear-but a crisis is near at hand, and woe be MR. SECRETARY BELL'S letter and statement do. MR. SECRETARY WEBSTER'S explanatory letter. ple-abundant resources, that not only enable them to him who cannot feel!!! REVISION OF THE REVENUE LAWS-Item relative to to be as liberal in this direction as any people upon the new revenue bill, French comments thereon, Loans, Importations, Northern boundary, Border troubles, In-earth, but which, if others would fairly allow us the dian treaties, Beacon light, Sub-treasury robbed, Expedition to Liberia. ARMY-Items. NAVY-Items. STATES OF THE UNION-Trade of the Upper Lakes, Maine, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Mary land, Ohio, Missouri, Georgia, Florida. MR. RIVES' second speech on the veto message. NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER. the use of under the sanction of a "free trade" with- We were not a little astonished a few days since, upon opening a letter from one of our oldest subscribers, of the interior of the state of New York, to find, as a reason assigned by the writer for discontinuing to receive the Register in numbers, and preferring to have it hereafter in volume, that "the Register having ceased to be the champion of Ame-"free tade" for ourselves, with others, as well as free rican interests and industry, and become the advocate of fallacious free trade doctrines, which if carried out, would involve the better part of the confederacy in irretrievable ruin;—it has lost its interest and value to me, except for historical reference." "I think the publication of sir R. Peel's speech, on the British system of policy towards other nations, and particularly America, was very seasonable, and may do a great deal of good. The speech was a very candid one, and may serve to wipe the scales from the eyes of some of our politicians who have made so much noise, and appear to be quite bewildered in their schemes to regulate the currency. Regulate the currency! What folly-talk of regulating the currency of the country. Men cannot think, or they would see their error-their infatuation would vanish, and they would begin to do, to act upon, something real, and give us a strong protective tariff as the ground-work of any sound and permanent currency own labor, not material whether we have bank notes that we ever will or can have-the produce of our or the precious metals, or both, so that we have our trade to others, with us. And if it be not accorded, we own markets at home and a market abroad wherever are for meeting "restriction with restriction," mea- we can find it, for the surplus. Honest men might sure for measure, with the proudest of them. And then, under the blessing of Heaven, live in some secuwe believe this to be the only certain method of main-rity and comfort, instead of being jostled to and fro taining our fair share of the commerce of the world- by every adverse breeze that crosses the ocean.— The difficulties incident to the period which has of equalizing the balance of trade, which our mista- And I must repeat that I think it utterly impossible transpired since we have had charge of this publica-ken indulgence to foreign powers has so long operat- for congress to adopt any seheme that will permation, and those which we had to encounter in bring-ed to keep against us-or of insuring domestic pros-nently regulate the currency, whether by banks, fising into order an establishment that in all its ramifi-perity, which has so severely suffered from the cen- cal corporations, or even gold and silver-alone or cations had become exceedingly deranged, has trary course. altogether-while all the nations of the world are le vented our attempting to indulge much in editorial free to flood us with their cheap goods, and sweep remarks but certainly, such as we have adventured, every dollar from our board u at their pleasure. v nat pre occupy the attention of the people of this country THAT OF THE TRUE CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF Such, in brief, are our notions as to "free trade." have generally been in relation to what we consider our products-and here goes for "free trade" with other nation or people under Heaven could so long one of the most interesting topics that is likely soon to them, or either of them. But we are tired to death withstand such impolicy as this? We have been wont of travelling that road "solitary and alone," and to boast of being the most enlightened people of the have severely and sufficiently paid the price of ge-age! When this shall be realized, I think we shall FOREIGN TRADE,-for the maintenance of a fair nerous support to the abstract principle for the pre-justly elaim the honor of having been the most plaIf self-interest is to be the rule with others, as cid and most enduring, in swallowing the humbugs the tories and "oters of England have recently decid- of mother England." ed it shall be on their part, we are for trying how it Another of our subscribers, residing very near the share of which, we apprehend there is about to be a very ardent struggle between this country and both England and France, and we have considered it a sent. duty frequently to call attention to the subject; and will work for our country, and are now and always latitude and longitude of the one whose letter is first by selections of official and interesting articles, to have been the advocates of "restriction for restric-noticed above, and who writes by the last mail for furnish our readers with the best datas wherewith tion" in practice, as well as of "free trade" in theory. some missing numbers to complete his file, adds to form opinions. How any reader of the Register could have reached the conclusion that the pub- have received, from the interior of Pennsylvania, a Since the above remarks were placed in type, we lication had ceased to be "the champion of Amc-letter from another of our subscribers, whose view of our rican interests and industry, and become the advocate editorial course is certainly in striking contrast with of fallacious free trade doctrines" we are utterly at a loss to imagine; and can only account for a continuance of such an impression, by the avowal that the numbers, instead of being read, had been laid by, as they came to hand. True it is, that as an abstract proposition, the United States has a right to claim to be considered the foremost and warmest friends of "free trade"-_____ "I consider the Register invaluable. It makes a "I have the REGISTER from 1811 to 1836-includ- * DUTY AND EXCHANGE. A friend writes us from Pennsylvania, 20th inst. "I observe in your pa&c. in England, is upon the basis of $4 44 to the having, from the days when BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, the Will you be so obliging as to inform me-if I send on per of the 4th inst. the calculation of duties on flour, first diplomatic representative of this country in Eu rope, proposed an equitable intercourse with the valately, for the purpose of notifying all our subscribers. sterling. If I am correct, there should be 10 per *We insert this inquiry, having received several such rious governments of that quarter of the world, up to that we can complete their sets of the new series, hav. cent. added to the amount there given, since the acthe formation of the present government, when THO-ing surplus numbers of every volume on hand, from vol. tual worth of the pound sterling is about 10-100 MAS JEFFERSON, the first secretary of state, took the plete their files. To such as wish us to have sets bound above the nominal price as taken by the brokers, or 51 up; and we earnestly urge all our subscribers to con attitude that it comported alike with our honor and for them, we tender our services; the charge will be there is about 9-100 difference between the rate of what the binders charge us-75 cents per volume in free trade," and to "meet restriction by restriction,” I bound. VOL. XI-SIG. 4. our interest as a nation to extend "free trade for boards, leather back and double lettered; one dollar full $4 44 of the broker's and $4 80 as established by congress, a few years since." FOREIGN ARTICLES. "Her majesty is desirous that you should consider and by Captain Hamilton and Mr. Bailly for the the laws which regulate the trade in corn. It will amendment. At midnight, the discussion was again be for you to determine whether these laws do not adjourned. On Thursday the debaters were Messrs. Gibson, In a postscript in the last REGISTER we gave the aggravate the natural fluctuations of supply; whether they do not embarrass trade, derange the currency, S. O'Brien, Powell, Turner, C. E. Bearing and Wokoutlines of the information brought by the Great and by their operation diminish the comfort and in- ley, (whigs), and Lord Sandon, Colonel Sibthorpe, Western since which, by the arrival of the Caledo-crease the privations of the great body of the com- Messrs. Borthwick, Escot and Goulburn, (tories). No question again. nia, at Boston, London dates to the 4th instant have munity. "Her majesty, feeling the deepest sympathy with been received. The weather continued favorable for those of her subjects who are now suffering from disharvesting and the price of breadstuffs was still de-tress and want of employment, it is her earnest clining. Cotton remained unchanged, notwithstand- prayer that all your deliberations may be guided by ing heavy failures had occurred in both Liverpool wisdom, and may conduce to the happiness of her beloved people." and Manchester. Business was exceedingly dull. GREAT BRITAIN. Parliament met pro forma, on the 19th ult. when the queen's speech was delivered, by commission, but business did not commence until the 24th. HER MAJESTY'S SPEECH. "My lords and gentlemen: We are commanded by her majesty to acquaint you that her majesty has availed herself of the earliest opportunity of resorting to your advice and assistance after the dissolution of the last parliament. It will be perceived that no mention is made, in the speech, of the United States. The revenue of the kingdom is inadequate to the expenses of government, and further exactions are required. The corn laws are mentioned as being oppressive. Upon assembling next day, the speech was again read in the house of lords. Earl Spencer spoke ably in defence of his views, and moved the address which was a mere echo of the sentiments of the speech. The marquis of Clanricarde followed in its support. The earl of Ripon rose in reply. In concluding he moved an amendment to the address, of which the following is the pith: "Her majesty continues to receive from foreign powers gratifying assurances of their desire to maintain with her majesty the most friendly relations. "Her majesty has the satisfaction of informing you "That we feel it to be our duty humbly to submit that, the objects for which the treaty of the 15th of to her majesty that it is essential to the satisfactory July, 1840, was concluded between her majesty, the results of our deliberations upon these and other matemperor of Austria, the king of Prussia, the emperor ters of public concern, that her majesty's government of Russia, and the sultan, have been fully accomplish- should possess the confidence of this house and of the ed, and it is gratifying to her majesty to be enabled country, and respectfully to represent to her majesty to state that, the temporary separation which the that that confidence is not reposed in the present admeasures taken in the execution of that treaty creat-visers of her majesty." ed between the contracting parties and France has now ceased. "Her majesty trusts that the union of the principal powers, upon all matters affecting the great interests of Europe, will afford a firm security for the maintenance of peace. The debate was continued with spirit by Earl Fitzwilliam, Lord Lyttleton, Viscount Melbourne, and the marquises of Northampton and Lansdowne, for the address, and by the dukes of Wellington and Richmond, and the earl of Coventry, for the amendment. Lord Brougham closed the debate in a pow"Her majesty is glad to be able to inform you that, erful argument for a revision of the corn laws, in consequence of the evacuation of Ghorian by the criticising the past course of ministers, but supportPersian troops, her majesty has ordered her ministering the address. The vote was then taken and deto the court of Persia, to return to Teheran. "Her majesty regrets that the negociations between her plenipotentiaries in China and the Chinese government, have not yet been brought to a satisfactory conclusion, and that it has been necessary to call into action the forces which her majesty has sent to the China seas; but her majesty still trusts that the emperor of China will see the justice of the demands which her majesty's plenipotentiaries have been in structed to make. clared. For the address For the amendment Majority for the tories The lords then adjourned to Friday. 96 168 72 In the house of commons, the address in echo to the queen's speech was moved by Mr. Mark Phillips in a strong speech, briefly seconded by Mr. John Dundas. Mr. S. Wortely (the new tory member "Her majesty is happy to inform you that the dif- from the great West Riding of Yorkshire, who turnferences which had arisen between Spain and Portu-ed out Lord Morpeth), rose in opposition, and spoke gal, about the execution of a treaty concluded by those powers in 1830, for regulating the navigation Douro, have been adjusted amicably, and with ing hy the aid of her majesty's me honor to both paruve,~, diation. powerfully, contending that the ministers had forfeit-I On Friday the debaters were Messrs. G. Rennie, Wallace, Hindley, Wignes, Howes, M. J. O'Connell, Nilliers, D. O'Connell and Lord John Russell for the address, and by Mr. R. M. Milnes, (the poet), Capt. Polkill, Lord F. Egerton and sir Robert Peel for the amendment. O'Connell was dreadfully severe on the tories, and sir Robert Peel replied with equal pungency, remarking that the agitator had abused the whigs even more than he now abused the tories. Lord John Russell closed the debate in a brief and manly speech, defending the policy of his government, condemning the sliding scale of the corn laws, approving the vote of "no confidence" as a proper means of turning out a defeated ministry, and appealing to the party about to come into power to use it for the interest of liberty and the good of the millions of mankind. The house then at 2 o'clock, A. M. divided, and the result was: For the address 269 360 91 So the triumph of the tories is complete. On Saturday, few whigs and only one of the ministers appeared. Mr. S. Crawford moved a further amendment to the address in favor of an extension of the right of suffrage. Rejected: 283 to 39. Sir Robert Peel then moved an adjournment to Monday, which prevailed. RESIGNATION OF MINISTERS. On Monday, on the opening of the house of lords, Lord Melbourne rose, amid profound silence, and said— your lordships, that in consequence of the vote come "My lords, it now becomes my duty to acquaint to by the other house of parliament on Saturday morning, which was precisely similar in terms to that come to by your lordships at an earlier period of the week, I, on the part of my colleagues and myself have tendered to her majesty the resignation of the offices we hold, and which resignation her majesty has been graciously pleased to accept; and we now continue to hold those offices only until our successors are appointed." In the house of commons, Lord John Russell spoke as follows: Lord John Russell rose amid the most profound silence to address the house. Sir, said the noble lord, have now to state to the house, that after the division of Friday night, her majesty's ministers thought it their duty at once to advise her majesty to send the answer to the address adopted by the house, which they have just heard read, and humbly to tender their resignations to her majesty, with a view to the "That the house begged most humbly to represent to her majesty that they observed, with great concern, that the public expenditure of the country for The debt incurred by the legislature of Upper several successive years had exceeded the annual in- immediate formation of a new administration. Her Canada, for the purposes of public works, is a seri-come; and begged to assure her majesty that they majesty has been graciously pleased to accept our Cas obstacle to further improvements, which are es agreed to the necessity of adopting some measures resignations, and I have to inform the house that we sential to the prosperity of the united province. Her for the purpose of remedying so great an evil; but, only hold office until our successors have been apmajesty has authorised the governor general to make in deciding upon the course which it would be advi-pointed. Perhaps, sir, the house will allow me on a communication on the subject to the council and sable to pursue, especially with respect to the laws his occasion, and before I make the motion with assembly of Canada. Her majesty will direct the relating to trade and commerce, it would be their' which I mean to conclude, to state for its information papers to be laid before you, and trusts that your earnest desire to promote the welface and consuit some considerations which I deem it advisable to do, Parrest attention will be directed to matters so mate the interests of all classes of her majesty's subjects. and in doing which I shall endeavor as much as posrially affecting the welfare of Canada and the strength That they deem it their duty, however, to state to sible to avoid all topics likely to lead to matters of her majesty that it was essential to the satisfactory controversy. of the empire. We conceived our duty to propose to the last "Gentlemen of the house of commons: We have to result of their deliberations in this and in all other assure you that her majesty relies with entire confi- concerns, that her majesty's government, should pos- parliament measures in reference to the trade and dence on you loyalty and zeal to make adequate pro-sess the confidence of that house and the country, commerce of the country which we thought essenvision for the public service, as well as for the fur- and humbly to represent that that confidence was tial to its welfare; and obstructions having taken ther application of sums granted by the last parlia- not reposed in her majesty's present advisers. To place to the furtherance of these measures, we adassure her majesty that in the gracious expression vised her majesty as soon as the business of the ses"My lords and gentlemen: We are more especially of her majesty's sympathy with the distresses of the sion would admit of it-to resort to the measure of a commanded to declare to you that the extraordinary suffering poor, which that house recognised as an dissolution of parliament. That dissolution having expenses which the events in Canada, China and the additional proof of the tenderness with which her taken place, we advised that the new parliament Mediterranean have occasioned, and the necessity of majesty regarded them, and also that the house cor- should be called together at the earliest opportunity; maintaining a force adequate to the protection of our dially joined in her majesty's prayer that all their and on this occasion we have advised her majesty to extensive possessions, have made it necessary to con- deliberations might tend to the happiness of the peo-submit measures of the same nature, and ask the opiple." nion of this parliament respecting them. It has pleas sider the means of increasing the public revenue.Lord Bruce seconded the amendment in a brief ed the house of commons, by a large majority, to Her majesty is anxious that this object should be effected in the manner least burdensome to her people; speech. Mr. Labouchere followed in a brilliant and address her majesty, stating that her majesty's minisand it has appeared to her majesty, after full delibe- admirable defence of the whig ministry. Sir Charles ters did not enjoy its confidence. Sir, this decision ration, that you may, at this juncture, properly direct Napier spoke on the same side; Mr. D'Israeli and left us no other part to perform but to resign the of your attention to the revision of duties affecting the Lord Pollington in favor of the amendment. Mr. fices we had the honor to hold. productions of foreign countries. It will be for you Roebuck made a strong radical speech, blaming the to consider whether some of these duties are not so ministers some, the tories more, and justifying the trifling in amount as to be unproductive to the reve-conduct of this country in the case of McLeod. The You debate was adjourned." nue, while they are vexatious to commerce. may further examine whether the principle of protection, upon which others of these duties are found ed, be not carried to an extent injurious alike to the income of the state and the interests of the people. ment. On Wednesday the debate was continued through the day by Messrs. Ewart, Ward, P. M. Stewart, S. Crawford, Cobden, Brotherton, H. Gratton, Has tie, Dr. Bowring and Lord Wortley for the address, I will not now advert to any thing likely to prolong discussion on the past occurrences, further than to say, that in all we have done we acted from our conviction of our duty to our sovereign, and our persuasion of the utility and necessity of the measures which we have thus propounded, as well as from the feeling we entertained of our duty to the people of these countries. These convictions and persuasions have made it incumbent upon us to con-abuses which may have crept into them. (Loud no means satisfactory; and he, (Lord Palmerston), tinue the struggle for these measures up to the pre-cheers from both sides of the house). was quite ready to admit as a doctrine of internasent moment. (Loud cheers from the liberal benches.) Sir, I have only to add, in regard to all with whom tional law that no one country had a right to state in Sir, I have on former occasions justified the course in for so many years I have had to transact public bu- reply to a demand for redress for a wrong done either which we acted, and I shall be equally ready, in any siness in this house whether supporters or opponents, to another country or to the subject of another counfuture debate which may afford the opportunity, to that it is my wish personally to express the hope that try, that it had peculiar institutions within itself. take the same course. It has been our fate now to in all our future relations no feelings of personal bit-[Hear]. have held office for a considerable number of years. [terness may be allowed to mingle. (Cheering.) And, Nations dealt with each other as aggregate comI will not say that as long as we could use the power sir, if our resignation of office tends to the welfare munities-they knew nothing of the internal inas we believed for the benefit of the country, it was of the country and the advantage of its people, I stitutions of each other; if a wrong were done, rewith reluctance we continued in office. But, this, shall look back to the proceedings of this day with dress must be given, and if the laws and constitution sir, I will say, that the possession of power in this satisfaction. The noble lord having moved the ad- of the country did not enable it to give that redress, country is not attended with satisfaction unless it journment of the house at its rising till Monday, sat that nation must either alter its laws or submit to give ministers the power to carry such measures as down amid loud and long continued cheers. the alternative which in such a case became necesthey deem to be of essential importance to the welfare The great clerical convention at Manchester, for sary. [Cheers.] Now, although the first reply of of the crown and the people. urging the repeal of the corn laws, had been held, the American government had been, as he thought, and is differently judged by different papers. It num- entirely wrong as to the principles of international bered about 650 clergymen from all parts of the law-although he considered that reply to be unsakingdom. To us, it seems a questionable proceeding tisfactory-yet he had now the satisfaction of being for clergymen to meet as such, except for the pro- able to inform the honorable and learned member motion of moral and religious objects-the domain for Bath and the house, that from the present goof politics, finances and political economy, belong vernment of the United States a communication had not to them, for action. been received, containing a formal instruction given to the attorney general of the United States, with reference to this question, which contained doctrines just and consistent with the law of nations, and perfectly in accordance with the principles upon which her majesty's government had demanded the release and liberation of McLeod. I do not in saying this allude to particular measures of minor importance, but to those which they deem of greater and transcendant consequence.— With regard to such measures, sir, we commenced with the reform act of Lord Grey, and we end with measures for the freedom of commerce. (Cheers for some time.) With large and important measures we commenced our course as ministers for the crown; so with large and important measures do we conclude. (Renewed cheering.) In pursuance of great objects we have triumphed; so in pursuance of great objects we have been defeated. (Renewed cheering.) CASE OF MCLEOD. The McLeod affair was the subject of debate in the house of commons on the 26th of August. Mr. Roebuck said he had five questions to propound to Lord Palmerston, secretary of foreign afSir, there are some other objects, with reference fairs, a statement of the substance of which is thus to the administration of Lord Grey and Lord Mel-prepared to our hands in the New York Times.bourne, on which I should like to address a few ob- Having expressed his strong desire for the maintenservations to the house. Lord Grey enjoyed, in com-ance of peace between Great Britain and the United mon with his colleagues, great and unexampled po-States, he gave a sketch of the negotiations upon the pularity; and Lord Melborne, it occurred, that hav- subject up to the time of Gen. Harrison's induction ing been the first minister of the crown to William to the office of the presidency. Mr. R. then said he IV, on his demise he became the responsible ad- wanted to know from the noble lord, viser of a princess who attained the monarchy of these kingdoms at the earliest opportunity in point of years which the laws of the country declared legal, and it became his duty to give that advice to the crown, which, I may be allowed to say, was always received with the confidence and reliance which so - well became the frank and generous nature of the royal personage on the throne. (Cheers). The paragragh which he should read from these instructions would, he believed, answer more than two of the questions which had been put to him by the honorable and learned member for Bath, for it would show that her majesty's government had avowed its responsibility for the attack made upon the Caroline, and that the American government treated First. Whether there had been any change in the the affair as one to be dealt with as between the two language of the United States' government since the governments, and totally unconnected with the quesaccession of the new government to power. tion affecting McLeod. (Hear, hear.) This instrucSecond. Whether by any formal declaration her tion which was dated the 16th of March in the premajesty's government had assumed the whole re-sent year, was from Mr. Webster, the secretary of sponsibility of the attack upon the Caroline? state, to Mr. Crittenden, the attorney general of the Third. Whether the government of the U. States United States, who was then about to proceed to had admitted that responsibility, and had demanded New York on the business of the state. It recited But, sir, neither the great popularity of Lord Grey reparation for the outrage and injury done and in- in the first place the grounds upon which Mr. Mcand his ministers, nor the power and favor enjoyed flicted upon the United States? Leod had been arrested, and then proceeded to state: by Lord Melbourne-neither was in any instance Fourth. He begged to ask if the British govern-"I have now to inform you, that Mr. Fox has adabused. While fault has been found with us in some ment had demanded of the United States whether, dressed a note to this department, under date of the places for not proposing measures for the greater after such declaration, it was able, and at the same 12th instant, at which, under the immediate instrucsecurity and advantage of that favor and popularity, time, willing, to guarantee the safety and liberation tion and direction of his government, he demands, so as to secure our power, it was our invariable de- of Mr. McLeod, notwithstanding the determination formally, and officially, McLeod's immediate release, sire to preserve entire and untouched the constitu- of the state of New York to go on with the proceed on the ground that the transaction on account of tion of the country and the prerogatives of the crown.ings now pending against that gentleman in the courts which he has been arrested and is to be put upon his (Cheers.) Sir, having said thus much with regard to trial was of a public character, planned and executthe two ministers under whom I have had the honor And fifth, he asked if the government of the United ed by persons duly empowered by her majesty's coto serve-I may add with pride and gratification I States admitted the validity of such authority as lonial authorities to take any steps and to do ar may, perhaps, be allowed to add a few words with protection over Mr. McLeod, and if, having so ad- acts which might be necessary for the defence of her regard to the person who has now the honor of admitted it, the noble lord the secretary for foreign af- majesty's territories and for the protection of how dressing you. (Hear and cheers). fairs could state any circumstances which justified majesty's subjects, and that conse the continued detention of Mr. McLeod by the au-jects of her majesty o engaged in that transaction quently those subthority of the state of New York? were performing an act of public duty, for which ble to the laws and tribunals of any foreign country; they cannot be personally and individually answeraand that her majesty's government has further directed Mr. Fox to make known to the government of the United States, that her majesty's government entirely approves of the course pursued by Mr. Fox, ence above mentioned." (Cheers). and the language adopted by him in the correspond of that state? a у I will not pretend to say that there will not be other persons holding office who will possess larger capacity for the administration of public affairs, and who ble lord at the head of foreign affairs might be able Mr. Roebuck said that the answer which the nowill bring to that administration more competent in- to give to these questions, might ease the minds of telligence on these subjects all I venture to say is, the people of Great Britain, and prevent heat on all that while I was placed in the situation which I have sides of the house. It was with that view he prohad the honor to hold, no considerations have divert-posed these questions. ed my attention from the public duties of the office which was entrusted to me, nor from the discharge last man in that house who would interpose beLord Palmerston rose and said he should be the of those other duties which devolved upon me in con- tween, or who would curtail any information which nection with this house; and I have endeavored, sir, might be given on any subject; but he at the same therefore, an authentic declaration on the part of the Mr. Webster then went on to say-"There is now, to give every moment I could spare to the discharge time felt bound to remark that the proceedings of British government, that the attack on the Caroline of those duties. (Loud cheering from both sides of the honorable member for Bath were somewhat was an act of public force, done by military men unthe house.) With respect to the merits of the mea-irregular, because he was sure the house would be der the order of their superiors, and is recognised as sures which I carried into effect, I will not now en- of opinion, if questions upon matters of the greatest such by the queen's government. The importance ter into any dispute; all I wish to assert is, that I difficulty and delicacy were to be prefaced by hono- of this declaration is not to be doubted, and the prehave endeavored to do the best of my power to ex- rable members with a sort of narrative, it became sident is of opinion that it calls upon him for the perercise any abilities which I possessed to serve the extremely difficult for the individual whose duty it formance of a high duty. That an individual formcountry while I have had the honor of hold office. might be to answer the questions to refrain from go-ing part of a public force, and acting under the au(Cheers). ing at length into the subject to which those ques-thority of his government, is not to be held answeraSir, this house has decided at the very commence-tions related, and thus, under the form of asking a ble as a private trespasser or malefactor, is a princiment of its sitting, that it will take measures for di question, a debate might be brought on without no-ple of public law, sanctioned by the usages of all cirecting the attention of the executive to the measures tice upon a matter of the greatest national import-vilized nations, and which the government of the U. alluded to in her majesty's speech. I can only say, ance. (Hear, hear). that although that decision may call upon us to give States has no inclination to dispute. This had no However, he, (Lord Palmerston), should be happy connexion whatever with the question whether in the our opposition to measures to which we cannot give to give the honorable and learned member for Bath attacks on the Caroline was, as the British governour approval, I am sure that in all the future consulta-the information he asked, and he had no doubt the ment think it a justifiable employment of force for tions of the house I shall ever be ready to give that statement he was about to make would tend to re- the purpose of defending the British territory from advice to the house which I shall deem it my duty to lieve the minds of many persons who think that the unprovoked attack, or whether it was a most unjustido, (cheers), in order to secure to it the approbation present state of the question with regard to Mr. Mc-fiable invasion, in time of peace, of the territory of of the United Kingdom, and to conduce to the wel-Leod was likely to bring on a serious difference be- the United States, as this government has regarded fare and prosperity of the great empire of which this tween the two countries. The narrative of the ho- it. The two questions are essentially different, and house is the centre. (Hear, hear.) I shall always, norable and learned gentleman was, he believed, while acknowledging that an individual may claim whether in or out of office, express to the house my substantially correct, and upon it he, (Lord Palmers-immunity from the consequences of acts done by him, conscientious convictions, whether they agree with ton), had no particular remark to make. It was by showing that he acted under national authority, or are opposed to those of the ministers of the day, quite true as the honorable and learned gentleman this government is not to be understood as changing in such a manner as may tend to the improvement of had stated, that upon the first demand made by her the opinions which it has heretofore expressed in reour institutions; never, on the one hand, defending majesty's government for the liberation of Mr. Mc-gard to the real nature of the transaction which reabuses as if they were institutions, nor, on the other Leod an answer had been returned by the late se- sulted in the destruction of the Caroline. That subhand, ever sacrificing institutions because of thecretary of state of the United States which was by ject it is not necessary for any purpose connected with the communication to discuss. All that is in- Mr. Webster, recognizing, as I understand it, the now so often repeated. The manufacturing interest is tended to be said at present is, that since the attack principle for which he contended, and which despatch suffering severely through the depression of the times, On the Caroline is avowed as a national act, which was dated in March last-if the occasion had been an which is at present shaking the industry of the nation may justify reprisals or even general war, if the go-ordinary one, some questions must necessarily have from one end of the kingdom to the other. With one vernment of the United States in the judgment which been put. I understood the noble lord to deprecate or two exceptions, the mills at Manchester are all it shall form of the transaction and of its duty should the putting of these questions. I understood the no-working short time, and notice has been given at sesee fit so to decide, yet it raises a question entirely ble lord to say that he thought it might be conducive veral of them that they will soon stop altogether. public and political-a question between independent to the great interests of peace, and more consistent with the national honor, that these questions should nations, and that individuals concerned in it cannot Now, nothing could be more honorable to the government of the United States, or more satisfactory to that of this country than this declaration of principles. (Cheers.) He thought he had now answered all the questions put to him by the honorable and learned member for Bath, except one-namely, whether the United States had made a demand upon this country for injuries done to the United States at large, and not for the state of New York especially. Unquestionably the first demand had been made on that ground, and in the course of last session he (Lord Palmerston) had stated that fact as the ground for his opinion, that it was impossible the United States could turn round, and say it was a question between Great Britain and one state only. (Hear, hear). Sir Robert Peel, first lord of the treasury. [London Examiner of August 28. FRANCE. The principal fact announced in the Paris jounals is the actual discharge of that portion of the French army, which would have finished its term of service on the 31st of December next. This measure was carried into effect in Paris and its environs on Monday 1st. It was reported that the 31st December next year, will be provisionally the soldiers whose term of service would expire on discharged the moment when the conscripts of the exche-present year shall have passed through their first drills. Each of those contingents may be estimated at 60,000 men. Lord Warncliffe, president of the council. Lord Ellenborough, president of the board of con trol. The earl of Haddington, first lord of the admiralty. The constitution of the United States placed all these matters in the hands of the federal government, and the tenth section of the first article of their constitution provided that "no state shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation, or grant letters of marque and reprisal. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a The Times says: "It affords us much gratification foreign power, to engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit to hear that his royal highness Prince Albert, in conof delay." (Hear, hear.) Therefore, it was per-sire to act in strict accordance with the spirit of the junction with her majesty, manifested an earnest defectly true that this question could no more be said to be between Great Britain and the state of New constitution, and to afford to sir R. Peel every facility York than (if America had felt herself aggrieved by which the right hon. baronet met with from her main the formation of his government. The reception Great Britain) it could be said that the question was jesty was most gracious and kind. Her majesty ex The Courrier Francais stated that M. Humann the minister of finance, insists on the army being reduced to 320,000 men, and the fleet to 10 ships of the line. The Toulonnais of the 29th ult. partly confirms this last assertion. The weather continued to be brilliant and very warm in Paris. his American countrymen as one of the leading Mr. Samuel Welles, long and favorably known to behind him a good name and a large fortune, which bankers of Paris, died there on 30th August leaving do not always go together. We find very little news of interest in the French papers. The journals are still writing, about the census. Resistance to the fiscal measures of M. Humann had commenced in the north of France. In Lille the people congregated in large numbers to oppose their execution. The troops arrested several of the rioters. In the south the census was proceeding without any resistance. The defeat of the whig ministry was received by telegraph in Paris on Sunday night. It afforded general satisfaction to the court organ. morning, confirmed that feeling, and the small rise The speech of sir Robert Peel which arrived next which took place in the funds is attributed to the probability of a more cordial feeling henceforth to subsist between the English and the Freach govern ments. FRENCH AFRICA. The power of Abdel-Kader is represented as on the decline; great preparations were making for a fresh campaign against him. It was said he had sued for peace, and that he had re between America and the county of Rutland. (Hear).pressed her determination to extend to sir R. Peel's/ceived for his answer that the first condition of the But the honorable and learned member for Bath government her most implicit confidence and support, treaty must be his being embarked for France. From a second edition of the Standard of Sept. 2. had on a former evening suggested, that her majes-under the firm belief that no measures would be pro- In his remarks on the queen's speech, sir ROBERT PEEL said in relation to the state of affairs with the United States: follows: Master general of the ordnance-sir George Mur- Woods and forests-lord Granville Somerset. and Lord Ingestre. Treasury secretary-sir Thomas Fremantle. has made him knight grand cross of the Bath. SPAIN. TURKEY, EGYPT AND SYRIA. The arrival in London of the Levant mail brings accounts from Constantinople and Egypt to the 7th ult. and from Smyrna to the 9th, with news from Candia and Syria. The accounts, however, are not of much interest. The pasha of Egypt was recoverfluence and advantage which he had lost by provok ing in peace, and by his gold, a great share of the inbute with Mehemit to thirty millions of piastres.ing war. The porte had lowered its demand of triSyria is represented to be in a state of complete anarchy. Accounts from Greece state that four of the ministers had tendered their resignations, finding they Lord Sydenham has resigned the office of governor could do nothing, being thwarted by the king in every Otho, however, has induced them to stay, general of the American provinces, and asked permis-measure. sion to devolve the office on the officer next in com- promising to conform to their views. mand, to enable him to leave Canada early in the autumn. Lord Sydenham speaks in a tone of great saI did see with regret the omission of any notice of our relations with the United States of America.tisfaction of the success of his mission in Canada. Not that I entirely blame that omission. I am sure it was not a casual-I am sure it was not an accidental one. Why I regret it is, that I fear you have nothing satisfactory to communicate. Questions were The dutchess of Bedford and Lady Normanby had asked of the noble lord the secretary for foreign affairs by the honorable and learned gentleman the the queen. This saves the new premier the inconverelinquished their situations as ladies in waiting to member for Bath, to which the noble lord made a re-nience of another petticoat war, for the Lady Normanply. The reply which the noble lord made might well have suggested other questions. When the noby was the person who stood before in his way. ble lord laid it down as a principle that we had noth-state of the weather, and better harvests, had renderThere was much stagnation in business. The fine ing to do with the municipal institutions of other ed the corn markets dull; and the failures at Liver-ult. contains a letter from the chief of the last insurThe "Courier Grec," Athens journal, of the 12th countries, apart from the general law that a demand must be made on the public organs of the country, pool and Manchester paralyzed, in a degree, the cot-rection in Candia, stating that having been betrayed and that their own internal laws and regulations by Rousses Bourdoum Bain, they had sought refuge could not be appealed to for an answer to the ques- STATE OF TRADE-MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS.-on board the English vessels; that their intention was tion-when the noble lord read the despatch from The statement of the week is the same that we have not to abandon the Candiotes, but that the English ton market. CANDIA. had carried them to the Piræus, after having circulated the report of the failure of the insurrection along the coast, and thereby ruined their cause. CANADA. DEATH OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL. Lord Sydenham, governor general of the British provinces in North America, died at his residence in Kingston, Upper Canada, on the morning of the 9th instant, of the lock jaw, occasioned by a fall from his horse, a short time since; the fall having fractured his leg. THE NEW GOVERNOR. Sir Howard Douglas is spoken of as the future governor general of Canada. The New York Commercial says that his accession to this office, if it takes place, will have no good effect upon the adjustment of the boundary question. Sir Howard was formerly governor of Nova Scotia, and afterward of New Brunswick. Pending the arbitrament of the question before the king of Holland, | Sir Howard was recalled to manage the question on the part of the English government-the conduct on the American side of the case having been confided to Mr. Preble, of Maine, appointed upon that mission by General Jackson. Mr. Preble made a sad business of it, and Sir Douglas was so far successful as to prevent a reward in our favor. NATIONAL AFFAIRS. APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT, Robert Stuart, of Michigan, agent for the Ottowa and Chippewa Indians. Pierce M. Butler, of South Carolina, Indian agent for the Cherokee Indians. Algernon Sydney Robertson, marshal for the eastern district of Louisiana. Vincent Browne, navy agent for the port of Boston, vice Leonard Jarvis, removed. LAND OFFICERS. Levi W. Lawler, receiver of public moneys at Mardisville, Alabama, Hardy Holmes, receiver, Ouachita, Louisiana. OFFICERS OF THE CUSTOMS. do. William H. Ware, collector at St. Marks, Florida. POSTMASTERS. Benjamin W. Hale, at Newburyport, Mass.; Jacob Robbins, at Lowell, Mass.; Wm. C. Beardsley, at Auburn, N. Y. THE DEPARTMENTS. Mr. FORWARD, secretary of the treasury, has entered upon the discharge of the duties of that office; and JAMES N. BAKER, (formerly comptroller, and nominated to the senate again for that office, but not acted on) is acting as comptroller of the treasury, vice Mr. Forward, late comptroller. DESPATCHES for the British minister were brought out in the Caledonia. A special message to Lord Suydenham also came in her. RESIGNATION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Messrs. Gales & Seaton: I deem it proper to offer a public explanation of some of the reasons which led to my resignation, on the 11th instant, of the office of secretary of the navy, and, for that purpose, ask a small space in the National Intelligencer. At the cabinet meeting held on the 18th of August last, (the attorney general and the postmaster general being absent), the subject of an Exchange bank, or institution, was brought forward by the president himself, and was fully considered. Into the particulars of what passed I do not propose now to enter.It will be sufficient to say that it was then distinctly stated and understood that such an institution met the approbation of the president, and was deemed by him free of constitutional objections; that he desired (if congress should deem it necessary to act upon the subject during the session) that such an institution should be adopted by that body, and that the members of his cabinet should aid in bringing about that result; and Messrs. WEBSTER and EWING were specially requested by the president to have a communication upon the subject with certain members of congress. The institution then spoken of was to be located in the District of Columbia; to be authorised to establish agencies in the states and territories with power to deal in bills of exchange between the United States and foreign countries, and in bills of exchange drawn in one state or territory and payable in another state or territory; and the exercise of this power was not to depend on any assent, expressed or implied, of the states within which such agencies might be established. In consequence of what passed at this meeting, I saw such friends in congress as I deemed it proper to approach, and urged upon them the passage of a bill to establish such an institution, assuring them that I did not doubt it would receive the approbation of the president. as I regretted the veto of the first bill, I did not feel myself at liberty to retire on that account from my situation. But the facts attending the initiation and disapproval of the last bill made a case totally different from that-one it is believed without a parallel in the history of our cabinets; presenting, to say nothing more, a measure embraced and then repudiatedefforts prompted and then disowned-services rendered and then treated with scorn or neglect. Such a case required, in my judgment, upon considerations, private and public, that the official relations subsisting between the president and myself should be immediately dissolved. GEO. E. BADGER. Washington, Sept. 18, 1840. RESIGNATION OF MR. SECRETARY BELL. Washington, September 20, 1841. GENTLEMEN: Doubts have been attempted to be cast upon the correctness of Mr. EwING's statement in relation to the part taken by the president in gettion up the fiscal corporation bill, by arguing that there was an impropriety in making it which ought to deprive it of credit. There are circumstances in this case distinguishing it from all others that I recollect of the kind. It grows out of a matter of official business, transacted between high public functionaries, and is of public and general concern. The public and open conduct of one of these high functionaries is in direct opposition to what the other had, by his express direction and authority, affirmed as to his intentions and purposes. There can, I humbly submit, be no serious question in such a case upon the point of personal propriety, when the injured party seeks to vindicate his honor by disclos ing the truth. The obligations arising out of confidential relations, in private or public affairs, are founded in mutual trust. He that disregards his own confidential pledges and engagements cannot allege the obligation of confidence, in the same transaction, against the natural right of self-defence belonging to the injured party. For any thing that can ever be known to the contrary, it may have been the object of the original pledge or engagement to sacrifice those who trusted and were misled by it. For these reasons, I do not hesitate to furnish, for publication, the accompanying statement, which contains all the facts and circumstances within my knowledge, the subject of difference. I do this as an act of justhat occur to me as being material, connected with tice not only to Mr. EwING, who requested it, but to myself and the public. I avail myself of this occasion to say that I have, at no time, regarded a difference of opinion between the president and myself in relation to a bank, however important the subject, as sufficient of itself to justify a resignation of the office which I lately held in the executive administration of the government. Nor was it because the president thought proper to trifle with or mislead his cabinet, as there is but too much reason to believe he intended to do, in the affair of the last fiscal bank bill, that I resigned my place. There were other, and some of them pre-existing causes, for such a course, which many will regard as sufficient of themselves; and which could not have been overlooked. But it was possible to explain or remove them, and therefore they were not promptly acted upon. The last act of the president, however, was conclusive of the true character of all the other occurrences of circumstances which had previously awakened curiosity or excited distrust. The bill was passed, as the public know, and was met by the veto. Now, if the president, after the meeting of the 18th August, had changed his mind as to doubt or deny what he had admitted in that meetto the constitutional power of congress, and had come ing, (which is the most favorable interpretation that can be put upon his conduct), it was, in my opinion, a plain duty on his part to have made known to the gentlemen concerned this change of sentiment--to have offered them an apology for the unpleasant situation in which they were placed by his agency-or, at least, to have softened, by a full explanation of his motives, his intended veto of a measure in promoting the success of which they, at his request, had rendered their assistance. But this the president did not do. Never, from the moment of my leaving his house on the 18th, did he open his lips to me on the subject. It was only from the newspapers, from rumor, from hearsay, I learned that he had denied the ROBERT M. LEA, esq. chief clerk of the depart-constitutionality of the proposed institution, and had ment of war, has been appointed by the president made the most solemn asseverations that he would acting secretary of war until the arrival of the hon. never approve a measure which I knew was suggestJOHN MCLEAN. ed by himself, and which had been, at his own inMr. SIMMS, chief clerk of the navy department, instance, introduced into congress. It was still in the like manner officiates in that department, and president's power, by a proper statement in the mesMr. HOBBIE, first assistant postmaster general, in sage containing his objections to the bill, to have supthe post office department. plied these omissions, and in some degree at least to I shall, at my leisure, state the reasons more have repaired his former neglect; but when that pa- at large which impelled me to the course I have per came to be read, it was found that so far from thought proper to adopt, and at the same time fursaying frankly that he once favored and had been nish a narrative of all the causes, so far as they fell willing to sanction the bill, but had been led (if such under my observation, which have resulted in the sewas the fact) by subsequent reflection to adopt differ-paration of Mr. TYLER from the party which brought ent views upon the subject, he treated the measure him into power, and the breaking up of the whig adas one evidently inconsistent with his previously ex-ministration. I am, respectfully, your obedient ser pressed opinions, and which it ought not to have been vant, supposed for a moment he could approve. ATTORNEY GENERAL. The National Intelligencer of the 20th says:-"We have pleasure in stating that Mr. LEGARE, having accepted the office of attorney general, vacated by the resignation of Mr. CRITTENDEN, has arrived in this city and entered upon the discharge of the duties of that office." DIPLOMATIC. CHRISTOPHER HUGHES. The Baltimore American, of the 23d says: "We are pleas- Whether this conduct of the president is susceptied to hear of the return to this country of our distin-ble of just defence or reasonable excuse it is not neguished and estimable townsman, Mr. CHRISTOPHER HUGHES. Mr. H. is coming home on leave to visit his friends. He was expected in London early this month, and would take passage from Liverpool in the beginning of October."" Cessary now to inquire. I have not heard, nor can I imagine any ground for either. Whether an explanation of it has been offered to any one of the gentlemen concerned I know not, but none was at any time offered to me: and while I forbear to make the reOur readers will find this able diplomatist men- marks, obvious and painful as they are, which the tioned with no more than due encomium, in the transaction suggests, I declare the conviction that speech of J. Q. ADAMS, esq. on the McLeod case, this conduct of the president, standing without known which is inserted in this number of the REGISTER. defence, excuse or explanation, constituted (if no Mr. CAMBRELENG, our late minister to Russia, ar- other reasons had existed) ample ground for a withrived at New York, in the Great Western, on Tues-drawal from his cabinet without delay. day evening, after an absence of two years in Europe. posed, and do not now suppose, that a difference It is scarcely necessary to say that I have not supMEXICAN COMMISSIONER. Mr. HENRY M. BRACK- merely between the president and his cabinet, either ENRIDGE, appointed a commissioner under the treaty with Mexico, in the place of Mr. RowAN, resigned, has arrived at Washington, and entered upon the discharge of the duties of the commission. : as to the constitutionality or the expediency of a Messrs. Gales & Seaton. STATEMENT. JOHN BELL, I called to see the president on official business on the morning, (Monday, 16th August), before the first veto message was sent in. I found him reading the message to the secretary of the treasury. He did me the honor to read the material passages to me.-Upon reading that part of it which treats of the superior importance and value of the business done by the late bank of the United States in furnishing exchanges between the different states and sections of the union, I was so strongly impressed with the idea that he meant to intimate that he would have no obing in exchanges, that I interrupted him in the readjection to a bank which should be restricted in dealing, and asked if I was to understand, by what he had just read, that he was prepared to give his assent to a bank in the District of Columbia, with offices or agencies in the states, having the privilege, without their assent, to deal in exchanges between them, and L |