POSTCRIPT.-FOREIGN NEWS-After part of our paper had been pressed off, the mail from the east brings us accounts of the arrival of the Britannia steamer with Liverpool dates to the 19th August; 108 passengers for Halifax and 71 for Boston. The steamer Caledonia arrived out on the 14th, in 12 days 17 hours from Boston. There had been very heavy rains, so seriously threatening the crops that the price of grain and flour had rapidly advanced, and a somewhat correspondent reduction took place in the price of cottonbut the latest dates indicate a fairer prospect-fine weather-prices of grain and flour again declined, and cotton again advanced to within a fraction of former prices. Liverpool papers of the 18th Aug. says: Since the 4th there has been a further rapid advance in the corn market, the continuance of rain having caused much activity among speculators. The market is, however, easier this week; and as the weather is now fine, with a settled appearance, there is yet a fair prospect of the harvest turning out well. Prices of flour may now be quoted 35s. per bbl. in bond for western canal, and 40 to 41s. for free flour, the present rate of duty being 12s. 5d. per bbl. with the probability of a further reduction in the course of a few weeks. There has been a brisk enquiry for cotton to-day, and the sales reach 6 to 7,000 bales, at d. per lb. advance, including 2,000 on speculation, and 800 for export. The weather keeps very fine. Parliament was to meet on the 19th, by commission, the queen declining in consequence of her situation, to appear in person. There are some items about the decision of the court to try McLead-amounting to nothing. a CORN, is quoted in New York and Philadelphia at 75 SILVER MINE. The United States Gazette states that the first deposit of silver from a mine of the United States, was made at the mint in Philadelphia this week. It was which 96 were under two years-of cholera infantum ed that the mines there will prove very productive. The DEATHS. During the last week in New York 190, of from Davidson county, North Carolina, and it is believ41, of consumption 24; in Philadelphia 166, of whom 36 essay made at the mint showed that 1,000 parts of the were under two years, and 18 died of consumption; in bullion contained 973 of silver and 8 of gold." Baltimore 54, of which 25 were under two years of age, 9 were free colored and I slave; in Charleston, S. C. Joseph Gales-Died at Raleigh, North Carolina, on SLAVES. One thousand dollars are wanted to transfer eighteen negroes to Liberia. Thos. Wallace, esq. of Flemingsburg, Ky. recently died, and by his will liberated eighteen slaves on condition that the American Colonization society send them to Liberia in Africa.— We trust that the friends of human liberty will not withhold the means necessary to relieve these poor fellows from slavery and give them a "local habitation and a name" in the land of their fathers. Less than one thousand is wanted to accomplish this object. [N. Y. Star. SPOTTED FEVER. Fifteen or twenty cases have occurred in Franklin county, Ohio, nearly all of which proved fatal in 24 hours. Mr. Gales was a native of the village of Eckington, (Derbyshire), in England, and commenced business as a STEAMBOAT LINE FROM CHARLESTON TO EUROPE. We printer and bookseller, when of age, at Sheffield, where he established, in 1787, the Sheffield Register. Persecuted are happy to learn that the subscription is filling to the on account of his political principles, after publishing company, for establishing a direct steam communication that popular paper for seven years, he emigrated in 1794, with England. This measure will do more for the with his family, to the United States, spending on his south than fifty commercial conventions-instead of callway some months in Germany; arrived at Philadelphia ing upon Hercules-it is being Hercules-and we say in August, 1795, beginning business as a printer there, "incipe," strangle the serpent of distrust in your cradleand after a time purchasing from the elder Oswald the and your arm will ripen into strength to crush the Hydra establishment of the Independent Gazetteer, which he of monopoly hereafter. Charleston owes much to the published for a year, and resold it to Samuel H. Smith, public spirit which has headed the list with some of our [Charleston Mercury. esq. (afterwards the founder of the National Intelligen- first names. and there established the Raleigh Register, which he cer); emigrated to North Carolina in September, 1799, published for forty years, and which is still published by his youngest son, a native of North Carolina, the father having only a year or two ago retired from the concern. During this long life of useful labor he maintained an enviable reputation for the most blameless purity in private life, for devotedness to public duties, and for enlarged benevolence. His last illness he sustained with that fortitude and meekness becoming the Christian faith, of which he was A frightful fire occurred at Smyrna on the 28th from his youth upwards, a devout professor and follower. Surrounded by his mourning children and July, by which one-third of the Turkish city, a num-grand children, he sunk to rest, as a babe to its slumber, ber of bazaars and mosques, eight synagogues, and be- in the full hope of waking again to a glorious immortality. tween 9 and 10,000 houses were reduced to ashes; 30 or 40 persons were killed, and 20,000 persons left without bread or an asylum. CHRONICLE. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. The suit instituted against Nicholas Biddle commenced at one million of dollars has been reduced on putting in a bill of particu lars to $240,000. BRITISH DOMINIONS. The subjoined is a statement of the population of the British empire, which the Philadelphia Sentinel says is compiled from the most authentic documents: Great Britain, Ireland and the reighboring Colonies in Europe, such as Ionian Isles, North America EXCHANGE.. New York upon England 83 a 9 prem.; on France 5f. 22; Boston, par; Philadelphia 3; Baltimore 2 a 24; Washington 24; Richmond, Petersburg, Raleigh and Wilmington, N. C. 3; Charleston 13; Augusta 5 a 8; Columbus 15 a 16; Mobile 8; New Orleans 4 a 4; St. Louis 9; Louisville 74; Cincinnati 8}; Nashville 11. FLOUR, commands from $6 50 to 6 75 according to brand for shipping, from New York-the supply last week was light-20,000 barrels reached market on the 28th and 29th ult. The inspections last week in Baltimore were 11,596 barrels and 490 half barrels. Prices range from $6 12 to 6 50. MATHIAS, the impostor, died at Ashville, N. Carolina, NEW ORLEANS. The interments reported from the 13th to 12. Sea Island cotton crop. The recent heavy rains at the south did great injury to the growing cotton. The Charleston Patriot says: On the adjacent islands the damage to the Sea Island cotton crop has, we fear, been irreparable. From Edisto Island the accounts are deplorable. In addition to the injury from rain the caterpillers have appeared in great numbers. In the middle and upper sections of the state the injury has been also most extensive. The bridge over the Congaree river, 4 miles below Columbia, has been carried away, and the fields for miles around submerged with water, while in some parts of Greenville district the corn crops have been nearly destroyed. THE COCHINEAL INSECT, is frequently found on willow trees in various parts of the United States. The New Orleans Bee notices their being in great abundance at present in the Parish of St. Mary, Louisiana. In 1812 the editor of the Register gathered thousands of them off of a willow tree then growing in his garden at Annapolis. on the 12th ult. took fire and burnt to the waters edge.— STEAMBOATS. The Missouri, whilst lying at St. Louis She was considered the fastest boat on the western waters. A man is in custody charged as the incendiary. STOCKS. U. S. bank shares sold in New York on the 27th ult. at 83, on the 29th they brought 10. The notes of that institution are quoted at 30 to 37 discount. Illinois 6's of 1870 sold at 55; Indiana sterling bonds at 563. TALLAHASSEE according to the last dates, is restored to health. No new case of fever reported for ten days. TOBACCO. The inspection of last week at Baltimore comprise 1,040 hhds. Maryland, and 259 Ohio. The finer sorts of Maryland are quite in demand. Inferior and common $4a4 50; good $8a8 50; fine $9a13. Ohio maintains former quotations fully and the demand has rather improved-common to middling $4 50a5 25; good $5 50a6 50; fine red and wrappery $8a12; fine yellow $7 50a10; and extra wrappery $12a14. VETOES BY THE PRESIDENTS. exercised by Gen. Washington, do The veto power was April 5, 1792 Nov. 6, 1812 do Jan. 20, 1815 By Monroe, May 4, 1822 May 31, 1831 do Dec. 7, 1831 do do July 10, 1832 Dec. 6, 1832 WESTERN NATIONAL ARMORY. At a public meeting of the citizens of Pittsburgh, held last week, the following named gentlemen were appointed a committee for the purpose of collecting facts to lay before the president, in order to shew the superior advantages of Pittsburgh, as a location for a national armory: Harmer Denny, Richard Biddle, John Warden, J. H. Shoenberger, and N. B. Craig, esqrs. The Pittsburgh board of trade have appointed the following gentlemen a committee to act in conjunction with that named: Wilson McCandless, William Eich POSTMASTERS. According to the report of Mr. Whit-baum, and James May, esqrs. WHEAT commands from $1 32 to $1 36 in the New PUBLIC LANDS. The quantity of public lands now RAIL ROADS. The Boston Transcript publishes the 46 At Niles, (Michigan), August 19th, about 1,000 bushels received per day-price 68 cents cash. market in great abundance. The quality was never finer At Alton, Illinois, 7th August, "wheat is coming into -price 50 cents per bushel." The Buffalo Advertiser says that much of the wheat arriving there is from Illinois, of the new crop, the quality At the vaof which surpasses that of former seasons. rious ports on Lake Erie wheat is in demand at $1 10 per bushel. The Western Farmer, published at Detroit, says of the 11,906,000 5,288,000 crops of Michigan: Most of our farmers have got through 5,724,000 with their wheat harvest, and secured their hay crops. 2,284,000 We have letters before us from nearly every county in Receipts of said rail roads for one week in July, 1841: the state, which are truly encouraging to the prosperity 1 week ending July 10, 19,041 of Michigan, and demonstrate beyond a doubt, that the Grand Junction, 11, 12,826 Peninsula state has added greatly, even to her last year's Great Western, 10, 17,435 supply. Her surplus, which cannot be less than three London and Birm. 12, 6,307 millions of bushels, and if present prices are maintained, London and S. west. The Great Western is just completed. Its last 13 our friends this season will reap a rich reward as the fruit of their labor. miles were opened 30th June, 1841. FIFTH SERIES.-No. 2.-VOL. XI.] BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 11, 1841. [VOL. LXI. WHOLE No. 1,563. THE PAST THE PRESENT--FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY, BY JEREMIAH HUGHES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. CONTENTS OF NO. 2, VOL. 11. FOREIGN ARTICLES-Rumor relative to a British squa ARMY-Dinner to colonel Bankhead; Second regiment of artillery; General orders No. 43; Tribute to worth, D. C. Noyes. GREAT BRITAIN. NAVY-Relative to a list of the U. S. ships; tempe rance in the; Appropriations to the; Various items. STATES OF THE UNION-Maine, Revised code; Newly avoid, like the Indian, leaning a little beyond. Hampshire, Geological survey, Divorce law; Massachu setts, Boston ice trade, Boston and Maine rail road; Vermont, Compliment to, by Mr. Preston; Connecticut, Banks of; New York, Canals; Pennsylvania, Resources and credit; Tennessee, Elections; Alabama, Court; Mississippi, Crops; Louisiana; Indiana, Farming; Wiskonsan, Lead. CONGRESS-Proceedings of the senate, of the house. CHRONICLE. NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER. THE SECOND VETO MESSAGE of President TYLER, was sent to the house of representatives on Thursday last, with the FISCAL CORPORATION BILL, which originated in that house and finally passed both houses on the Friday preceding. The message is inserted in this number, page 18. On motion of Mr. Morrow, the house agreed to reconsider the said bill yesterday at 12 o'clock. THE FORTIFICATION BILL is postponed until next session. the Pique frigate, to replace two vessels of the same | which are but bare rocks, which must be constantly The amendments of the house to the Revenue Bill were all ageed to, in senate on Thursday, except the one which provides that no duty that may be laid by ELECTION OF THE PEERS OF SCOTLAND. On the virtue of the 2d section, shall exceed 20 per cent. 6th ult. the election of the sixteen representative ad valorem, which, on motion of Mr. Clay, was dis-peers of Scotland took place in the picture gallery agreed to, and a committee of conference was order ed. mer, Passengers by this morning's cars state that Mr. EWING, Mr. CRITTENDEN, Mr. BELL and Mr. Badger of the cabinet have resigned, and Mr. GRANGER and probably Mr. WEBSTER will do so also. of the palace of Holyrood. The following were the sent. FRANCE. BELGIUM. THE BRITISH QUEEN STEAMSHIP. This fine steamer has been sold by the British and American Steam company to the Belgian government. We have not heard the amount of the purchase money. She is now getting ready for sea, and will sail about the end of the present week, under the command of Mr. Keene, who navigated the ill-fated President on her second voyage to and from New York, for Antwerp. It is not yet ascertained what the Belgian government means to do with this noble steamer: it is supposed, however, that she is destined to open and continue a communication between Belgium and the U. States. [Liverpool Albion, 16th ult. UNION OF BELGIUM WITH FRANCE. Many of the foreign papers, English, French and Belgian, are discussing the expediency of a union of Belgium to France, with some earnestness and warmth. The Frankfort Journal argues that neutrality alone can keep up the Belgian monarchy, and a union with France would extinguish this, whilst a commercial union with Germany will in no wise afdent shows that Belgian commerce is in no suffering fect Belgian independence. The Brussels Indpenstate: A very unpleasant scene occurred in the house of representatives on Thursday, between Mr. Wise, of Virginia, and Mr. Stanly, of North Carolina, in consequence of which a committee to inquire and report thereon was adopted, in place of a resolution to expel. It was announced in the house on yesterday, that the difference had been amicably settled between them--as well as a difficulty which occurred monds was over, she was found guilty and the diaThe trial of Madame Laffarge for stealing the diain debate that day between Mr. Botts and Mr. Gil-monds were ordered to be restored to the Leotand of Virginia. family, who would pay the costs as the plaintiffs in a "From 1834 to 1838, the consumption of foreign civil action; having an ulterior remedy against Ma- produce in Belgium rose only from 182 to 201 mildame Laffarge. lions of francs, whilst the exportation of Belgian The following statistical account of the cod fishery manufactures rose from 118 to 156 millions. The of France is given in the Constitutionel: "The cod exportation of manufactures from Belgium, propofishery employs annually 400 French ships, measur- tioned to the population, is double that of France, and ing together 50,000 tons, and manned by 11,000 sai- within one-fifth of that of England. How can Belgium lors; also, 200 transports or coasting vessels, with be said, then, to be in a suffering state, or to be in such 2,000 sailors; so that it maintains 600 ships and imminent need of extreme remedies?" 13,000 men. France possesses 205 myriametres, or about 450 leagues of coast; and there was a time land was sufficiently extensive to supply nearly the when the French fishery on the Banks of Newfoundwants of all Europe, and to man the whole of the French navy. But in consequence of the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, that of Vervins in 1783, and the ed right of fishing on the eastern and western coasts of the island of Newfoundland, without the power of establishing any dwelling-place or building upon it, except such huts and scaffolding as are absolutely such circumstances, it is evident that France can nenecessary for drying and curing the fish. Under The Courier replies to this, that the duties on ver compete with the English fishermen, who have the Belgian frontier are in a great measure levied fixed residence on the island, or with those of Ame-on English products, sent round through Belgium. rica, who have the advantage of being close to their The Belgians, though few, are great consumers, and own shores. As shelters for her ships, she possesses their four millions are in this respect fully equal to only the small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, eight. FOREIGN ARTICLES. A postscript inserted in our last, apprised most of our readers of the arrival, at Boston, of the steamer Britannia, with Liverpool dates to the 19th August, and of the general scope of the information brought On the subject of the commercial union between France and Belgium the Quotidienne says by her. An article appeared in the London Morning cession of Canada, France was reduced to the confining the frontier of Belgium. The Belgians are four "In suppressing the customs line between the countries, we have all the duties of export and import between us and Belgium, being nearly nine millions of francs in 1839. Besides, we take charge of guardmillions of manufacturers, capable of supplying 100 millions with their products. By their union with France, the Belgians get 33 millions of consumers, whilst France gets in exchange only four millions of consumers." visions will suffice. A celebration, to continue several days, commenc- tion chiefly for its own preservation, protection and to my adoption. A brief notice of some of its proed with great pomp and excitement at Boulogne-Sur- defence, or commit an act of gross moral turpitude. Mer, on the 15th ult. on the occasion of the inauguration" of a statute of Napoleon. CANADA. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The "board of works" in Canada have made a report to the governor general and provincial parliament, recommending sundry important internal improvements which are divided into three classes, as follows: First class canals, harbors, &c. do. Total, Mere regard to the will of a majority must not, in a constitutional republic like ours, control this sacred and solemn duty of a sworn officer. The constitution itself, I regard and cherish as the embodied and written will of the whole people of the United States. It is their fixed and fundamental law, which they unanimously prescribe to the public functionaries their mere trustees and servants. This, their will, and the law which they have given us as the rule of Estimated cost. our action, has no guard, no guarantee of preserva$5,672,728 tion, protection and defence, but the oaths which it 848,000 prescribes to the public officers, the sanctity with 437,420 which they shall religiously observe those oaths, and the patriotism with which the people shall shield it $6,958,148 by their own sovereign will, which has made the constitution supreme. or Canada currency, £1,789,537 The governor general (Lord Sydenham) suggests in his message, according to the Montreal Courier, that the means may be raised for the works in the first class ($1,418,182) by a loan, or through a fiscal agent, or as that paper says, his plan "does include the, to some, obnoxious feature of a provincial bank of issue." Of the amounts to be appropriated as above $1,800,000 are for the Welland canal, $3,000,724 for the St. Lawrence navigation, and the remainder of the first class to the rivers Richelieu and Ottawa, Burlington bay canal, harbors and light houses on lakes Ontario and Erie, &c. It must be exerted against the will of a mere representative majority or not at all. It is alone in pursuance of that will that any measure can reach the president, and to say that because a majority in congress have passed a bill, the president should therefore sanction it, is to abrogate the power altogether, and to render its insertion in the constitution a work of absolute supererogation. The duty is to guard the fundamental will of the people themselves from-in this case I admit unintentional-change or infraction, by a majority in congress. And in that light alone do I regard the constitutional duty which I now must reluctantly discharge. 1st. It may justify substantially a system of discounts of the most objectionable character. It is to deal in bills of exchange, drawn in one state and payable in another, without any restraint. The bill of exchange may have an unlimited time to run, and its renewability is no where guarded against. It may in fact, assume the most objectionable form of accommodation paper. It is not required to rest on any actual, real or substantial exchange basis. A drawer, in one place, becomes the acceptor in another, and, so in turn, the acceptor may become the drawer upon a mutual understanding. It may, at the same time, indulge in mere local discounts under the name of bills of exchange. A bill drawn at Philadelphia on Camden, New Jersey-at New York on a border town in New Jersey-at Cincinnati on New Port, in Kentucky, not to multiply other examples, might, for any thing in this bill to restrain it become a mere matter of local accommodation. Cities, thus, relatively situated, would possess advantages over cities otherwise situated, of so decided a character as most justly to excite dissatisfaction. 2d. There is no limit prescribed to the premium in the purchase of bills of exchange, thereby correcting none of the evils under which the community now labors, and operating most injuriously upon the agricultural states, in which the irregularities in the rates of exchange are most severely felt. Nor are these the only consequences. A resumption of specie payIs this bill now presented for my approval or dis- ments by the banks of those states would be liable The Welland canal has already cost £491,777, approval, such a bill as I have already declared could to indefinite postponement; for as the operation of (1,667,108), of which £117,800 is held by private in- not receive my sanction? Is it such a bill as calls for the agencies of the interior would chiefly consist in dividuals, for the purchasing out of whose stock a the exercise of the negative power under the consti- selling bills of exchange, and the purchases could bill is now before parliament, and thereby placing tution? Does it violate the constitution, by creating only be made in specie or the notes of banks paying the work entirely in the hands of the province. This a national bank to operate per se over the union? Its specie, the state banks would either have to concanal is at present very defective in its construction, title, in the first place, describes its general charac-tinue with their doors closed, or exist at the mercy and it must be deepened and widened throughout.-ter. It is "an act to provide for the better collec- of this national monopoly of brokerage. Nor can it The new locks are to be of cut stone, 120 feet long by 26 feet wide, and 8 feet deep. The whole cost of this canal from the first, it thus appears, will be about $3,767,108. When the improvements in the St. Lawrence navigation and the Welland canal are completed, John Bull will have a free passage for his vessels between Quebec and Lake Huron, passing through Ontario and Erie. He has also a project for another route by the river Ottawa to Lake Huron. Although sir Robert Peel and his party coming into power in England may object to a repeal of the corn laws, we take it for granted that he will not object to a "free trade" in grain or flour with the British province of Canada; and as every facility will be afforded to pass American flour and other produce through Montreal and Quebec to England we may expect a diversion of a large portion of our lake trade in that direction. [N. Y. Express. NATIONAL AFFAIRS. SECOND VETO MESSAGE, be passed over without remark, that whilst the District of Columbia is made the seat of the principal bank, its citizens are excluded from all participation in any benefit it might afford by a positive prohibition on the bank from all discounting within the District. tion, safe-keeping and disbursement of the public re- Do its provisions contradict its title? They do not. It is true that by its first section it provides that it In conclusion, I take leave most respectfully to say shall be established in the District of Columbia, but that I have felt the most anxious solicitude to meet the amount of its capital-the manner in which its the wishes of congress in the adoption of a fiscal stock is to be subscribed for and held-the persons, agent, which, avoiding all constitutional objections, bodies corporate and politic by whom its stock should harmonize conflicting opinions. Actuated by may be held-the appointment of its directors-and this feeling I have been ready to yield much in a spitheir powers and duties-its fundamental articles-rit of conciliation to the opinions of others. And it especially that to establish agencies in any part of is with great pain that I now feel compelled to differ To the house of representatives of the United States: the union-the corporate powers and business of such from congress a second time in the same session. At the It is with extreme regret that I feel myself con- agencies-the prohibition of congress to establish any commencement of this session, inclined from choice to strained by the duty faithfully to execute the office other corporation with similar powers for twenty defer to the legislative will, I submitted to congress the of president of the United States, and to the best of years, with express reservation in the same clause, propriety of adopting a fiscal agent which, without viomy ability to preserve, protect and defend the con- to modify or create any bank for the District of Co-lating the constitution, would separate the public stitution of the United States, to return to the house lumbia, so that the aggregate capitals shall not ex- money from the executive control, and perform the in which it originated the bill "to provide for the bet-ceed five millions-without enumerating other fea-operations of the treasury, without being burdensome ter collection, safe-keeping and disbursement of the tures which are equally distinctive and characteristic, to the people or inconvenient or expensive to the public revenue by means of a corporation, to be styled clearly show that it cannot be regarded as other than government. It is deeply to be regretted that this the fiscal corporation of the United States," with a bank of the United States with powers seemingly my written objections. more limited than have heretofore been granted to such an institution. department of the government cannot, upon constitutional and other grounds, concur with the legislaIn my message sent to the senate on the 16th day tive department in this last measure proposed to attain of August last, returning the bill "to incorporate the It operates per se over the union by virtue of the these desirable objects. Owing to the brief space subscribers to the fiscal bank of the United States," unaided, and in my view, assumed authority of con- between the period of the death of my lamented · I distinctly declared that my own opinion had been gress as a national legislature, as distinguishable predecessor and my own installation into office, I was uniformly proclaimed to be against the exercise "of from a bank created by congress for the District of in fact not left time to prepare and submit a definite the power of congress to create a national bank to Columbia as the local legislature of the District. recommendation of my own in my regular message; operate per se over the union," and, entertaining that Every United States bank heretofore created has had and since,my mind has been wholly occupied in a most opinion, my main objection to that bill was based power to deal in bills of exchange as well as in local anxious attempt to conform my action to the legislative upon the highest moral and religious obligations of discounts. Both were trading privileges conferred will. In this communication I am confined by the conconscience and the constitution. I readily admit that and both exercised by virtue of the aforesaid power stitution to my objections simply to this bill, but the whilst the qualified veto with which the chief magis- of congress, over the whole union. The question of period of the regular session will soon arrive when trate is invested should be regarded, and was intend-power remains unchanged, without reference to the it will be my duty under another clause of the coned, by the wise men who made it a part of the con-extent of privilege granted. stitution "to give to congress information of the state stitution, as a great conservative principle of our If this proposed corporation is to be regarded as a of the union and recommend to their consideration system, without the exercise of which, on important local bank of the District of Columbia, invested by such measures as I shall judge necessary and expeoccasions, a mere representative majority might congress with general powers to operate over the dient." And I most respectfully submit in a spirit urge the government in its legislation beyond the union, it is obnoxious to still stronger objections. It of harmony whether the present differences of opilimits fixed by its framers, or might exert its just assumes that congress may invest a local institution nion should be pressed further at this time, and whepowers too hastily or oppressively; yet, it is a power with general or national powers. With the same ther the peculiarity of my situation does not entitie which ought to be most cautiously exerted and per- propriety that it may do this in regard to a bank of the me to a postponement of this subject to a more auhaps never, except in a case eminently involving the District of Columbia, it may as to a state bank.spicious period for deliberation. The two houses of public interest, or one in which the oath of the pre- Yet who can indulge the idea that this government congress have distinguished themselves at this exsident acting under his convictions both mental and can rightfully, by making a state bank its fiscal agent, traordinary session, by the performance of an immoral, imperiously requires its exercise. In such a invest it with the absolute and unqualified powers mense mass of labor at a season very unfavorable case he has no alternative. He must either exert conferred by this bill? When I come to look at the both to health and action; and have passed many the negative power entrusted to him by the constitu- details of the bill, they do not recommend it strongly laws which I trust will prove highly beneficial to the interests of the country, and fully answer its I. The 4th regiment of artillery will take post as follows: PUBLIC LANDS NOT YET ADVERTISED 4th artillery. Four companies arrived at Buffalo a just expectations. It has been my good fortune FOR SALE.-REASONS WHY.-The communi- few days since, in the steamboat Buffalo, in 22 hours and pleasure to concur with them in all measures cation of the secretary of the treasury to the senate from Detroit. B company, capt. J. M. Washington, except this; and why should our difference on this on the 23d ultimo, covering a report from the com- and F company, lieut. R. C. Smead comm'g, remain alone be pushed to extremes? It is my anxious desire missioner of the general land office, made in com- at Buffalo. D and K companies proceed to Sacket's that they should not be. I too have been burden-pliance with a resolution of the senate of the 18th Harbor. ed with extraordinary labors of late, and I sincerely ultimo, calling for the amount of lands surveyed and GENERAL ORDERS, No. 43. desire time for deep and deliberate reflection on this, ready for sale since March, 1841, represents an ag- Head-quarters of the Army, Adjutant General's Office, the greatest difficulty of my administration. May gregate quantity of 8,469,567 acres surveyed and Washington, July 29, 1841. we not now pause until a more favorable time, when prepared for market, not yet advertised for sale. with the most anxious hope that the executive and The notes appended to the report show that, of congress may cordially unite, some measure of fi- the aforesaid aggregate, the greater portion, lying in nance may be deliberately adopted promotive of the eight states and territories, is suspended (among other good of our common country. causes) either by the operation of law, being lead mineral, or by reason of not being attached to any land district, and which, therefore, cannot be offered for sale until the action of the legislature shall positively so order. One or the other of these causes hold up all the unoffered lands in Indiana, Missouri, Alabama, Wisconsin and Iowa. I will take this occasion to declare that the conclusion to which I have brought myself are those of a settled conviction, founded, in my opinion, on a just view of the constitution that in arriving at it, I have been actuated by no other motive or desire than to uphold the institutions of the country as they have come down to us from the hands of our God-like ancestors and that I shall esteem my efforts to sustain them, even though I perish, more honorable than to win the applause of men by a sacrifice of my duty and my conscience. JOHN TYLER. Washington, September 9, 1841. DIPLOMATIC. COL. CHEW, late charge d'affairs of the United States at St. Petersburg, and Mr. BENJAMIN RUSH, who has been for several years secretary of legation from the United States at the court of St. James, sailed in the Susquehanna, on the 10th ult. for Philadelphia. ALLEN M. HALL, esq. the newly appointed charge d'affairs, arrived at Laguira on the 9th of August, after a passage of 18 days from Philadelphia, in the brig Rowena. The next day he proceeded to Caracas, a few miles distant where he contemplates establishing his residence. In Illinois, we understand, that, with the exception of 100,000 acres, the residue of the 1,053,346 acres represented in the table, are lands which were once proclaimed for sale on the 18th of February, 1841, to be offered in the present month, but which were withdrawn from market on urgent representations from the inhabitants of the detriment to them which would ensue if the sale should be insisted on. Fort Brady, one company; Fort Mackinac, one company; Detroit frontier, three companies; Cleveland, one company; Buffalo, two companies; Madison barracks, two companies. II. On being relieved by the 4th artillery, the whole of the 2d regiment of the same arm will proceed to the seabord, and take post as follows: Fort Columbus, two companies. (Head-quarters of the regiment.) Fort Hamilton, one company; Fort La Fayette, one company; Fort Adams two companies. (Under the major.) Fort Mifflin, one company. Not to take post earlier than the 1st Oct. (Under the lieutenant colonel.) III. On the arrival of the new garrison at Fort will proceed to the east, and be posted by brigadier Columbus, capt. Dimick's company D, 1st artillery, general Eustis, commanding the northern department By command of maj. gene It may be added that the table shows a large quan- ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT. The quantity of public land surveyed and prepared for market, not yet advertised for sale, is put down at 8,469,567 acres. Indiana, 311,365 acres. [1] 1,053,346 do. [2] 475,343 do. [3] 1,614,229 do. [4] - 1,314,707 do. [5] 233,873 do. [6] - 2,089,098 do. [2]. About 100,000 acres of this land withheld [4]. Late Cherokee cession-not attached to any [5]. Withheld from sale until certain Choctaw claims, under treaty of 1830, shall be adjusted. [6]. These lands adjoin the Texian territory- [7]. Withheld from sale, as being situated in the REVOLUTIONARY REMINISCENCE. The ceremony of reinterring at Rochester, the remains of Lieutenant Boyd and his gallant associates, who fell in fight with the Indians on the Genesee river during the revolutionary war, took place a few days ago.By the account in the papers it must have been an imposing display. The fine military companies, of which Rochester and the adjoining country boast, were out, and an immense concourse of citizens were in attendance. TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH GREAT BRITAIN. But few persons not familiar with the subject are aware, says the Boston MercanARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. tile Journal, of the immense amount of trade which DINNER TO COL. BANKHEAD and the officers of the is every year carried on between this country and 2nd regiment artillery. The citizens of Buffalo on Great Britain, and which is clearly exhibited in the learning that the second regiment of U. S. artillery, following table, which also shows that this country under command of Col. B. were ordered from thence takes from Great Britain, in manufactures, on an to the Atlantic coast, addressed a warm friendly letaverage of years, the whole value of the produce ex-ter and an invitation to them, to partake of a public ported to that country. dinner, which was accepted, and the dinner discussed on the 10th ult. col. Ira A. Blossom, president, H. Seymour, jr. vice president. Col. Crane, of the 4th artillery, and several other invited guests were present. The band of the second contributed to enliven the scene. A number of spirited toasts were given and some excellent speeches made. The whole passed off admirably. On the 13th the rigiment embarked in thirteen canal boats for the seabord. Value (in dollars) of 26,329,352 Value (in dollars) of to the U. States, 24,539,214 37,845,824 47,242,807 1831 1832 30,810,995 L. THOMAS, Assistant Adjutant General. The officers of the army on TRIBUTE TO WORTH. duty at St. Augustine have been required to perform the last solemn rite on earth to the remains of their late friend and brother, Dr. C. NOYES, assistant surgeon, who died on the 26th instant, another victim from among us to the climate, a long tour of service in a debilitated state, and the privations incident to the interior of Florida. In communicating this bereavement to the relations and friends of the doctor, and to the army, with our condolence, we have the more agreeable duty also of expressing our sincere and high respect of the deceased for his high attainments, moral worth, and the enduring reputation he had attained by persevering devotion to his professional duties; and for respect to his memory we will wear crape for one month. S. CHURCHILL, major 3d artillery. S. P. HEINTZELMAN, capt. and A. Q. M. THE NAVY. The publication of the Army and Navy Chronicle has been resumed. In the number published 2d Sept. the public are told that the statement which first appeared in the Pensacola Gazette, as "made up" by a naval officer and presented to that paper for publication, and has been extensively copied into other papers, purporting to be a list of the U. S. navy, is a mere transcript from the last official, Naval Register. The editor adds: "There are on that list the names of vessels that have no existence, except upon paper-some that are rotten, to repair which would cost as much, if not more, than to build new ones-some that are not fitted for cruising ships and several that are on the stocks. The last annual report from the navy department does not exhibit the actual condition of each particular ship. We can therefore only give from our own information, their present state. We do this, that people may not be led astray into a belief that our navy, which looks so large upon paper, is as extensive as it appears to be. Ships rotten and unfit for repairs.-Franklin and Natchez, 20. Converted into store ships.--Lexington, 20; Erie, 18. By a letter from the secretary of the navy to Samuel Breck, esq. Philadelphia, it is announced as the purpose of the department to retain the steam frigate Mississippi in the Delaware for the protection of the city. In 1800, with a population of 5,305,000 and 669,000 tons of registered tonnage, we had 876 guns afloat; in 1841 our population is 17,000,000 our tonnage 2,960,000, and yet our guns are but 1,007. This shows how far our naval force is from keeping up with the growth of the population and the commerce of the country. Applying the same ratio of defence The French brig of war DUNOIs arrived at Pensa- | ver follow his wife into New Hampshire or any where cola on the 18th ult. in 21 days from Vera Cruz. She else, for the purpose of preventing a divorce, or even will await there the arrival of the corvette La Sa- a worse calamity. In this view of the case, the lady bine, and probably both vessels will remain there of the reverend gentleman in Connecticut, has we during the hurricane season. All well on board the dare say, found the very spot for her wishes. Dunois. STATES OF THE UNION. MAINE. MASSACHUSETTS. BOSTON ICE TRADE. There are sixteen companies now engaged in the business of shipping ice in Boston. They formerly sold ice in New Orleans at 6 cents a pound; but now sell it at one cent, and by THE REVISED CODE, which went into operation on the consequent increase of consumption and the the 1st inst. contains sundry new enactments of which quantity prevented from melting by the dispatch of the citizens of this state ought immediately to be ap-sales, they make four dollars now to where they made prised. one formerly. The ice is sawed into square blocks 1st. All notes, bills of exchange and orders, paya-not less than 12 inches thick, and is packed into vesble at a future day or at sight, and not on demand, sels with straw and hay, boxed with thin lumber third day happen on Sunday, or on the days of the last year for the straw and hay they used for packare entitled to three days grace. If, however, the made air tight. One Boston company paid $7,000 annual fast or thanksgiving, or fourth of July, the grace will end on the second day. And if the third happen on the same day, the days of grace are to end day shall happen on Monday, and the fourth of July on the day following; and if the third day of grace the Saturday previous, the grace will end on the Monday following. ing. BOSTON AND MAINE RAIL ROAD. This rail road is advancing step by step towards completion. It is but a short time since it made an advance from Exeter to Newmarket. The rails are now laid between at this day which existed in 1800, we ought to have happen on Sunday, and the fourth of July happen on the latter place and Dover, and a train of cars went 2,000 guns afloat. [Newark Daily Adv. The Boston Mercantile Journal states that the fri gate Macedonian and sloop of war Warren, have received orders to sail immediately on a cruise; and that further orders have been received, to get ready for sea, not only the Ohio, but the frigate Columbia, the sloop of war John Adams, and the schooner Grampus. The Columbia will probably require extensive repairs, and, of course, will have to go into the dry dock, where the Erie, altered into a storeship, is now undergoing repairs. The John Adams has been lying at the yard, ready for sea, many months. It is said that capt. T. Ap Catesby Jones will be appointed to the command of the Pacific squadron. [Boston Mer. Journal. The U. S. frigate Brandywine, from New York via Lisbon, arrived at Cadiz, August 1. Any note, bill or order, whether foreign or inland, may be protested, if dishonored; and the protest, being under the hand and official seal of the notary, and containing a statement of the demand, refusal and notice, will be legal evidence of those facts, in any court of this state. The notary, for each such protest, duly recorded, is entitled to a fee of one dollar and fifty cents, which it is presumed, will be charged to the payers. In reference to the statute of limitations, no new promise will prevent its operation, unless the same be put in writing. Partial payments, however, if within six years, may operate as formerly; but the endorsement of the same, if relied upon as evidence, must not be in the hand-writing of the promisee or of his agent. In reference to the law of the road teamsters and ages in the highway without the presence of the dri The U. S. ship Preble was at Gibraltar August 8, others are forbidden to leave their teams and carrihaving arrived July 28, from Malaga. The U. S. schooner Van Buren sailed from Balti- ver or some one to guide the same. more on the 6th for the Florida station. On the 7th, the U. S. schooner Phoenix, built under the superintendence of lieut. J. T. McLaughlin, and destined for the Florida service, was launched from the ship yard of Mr. M. Gardner. These vessels, together with the schrs. Flirt, Wave, Otsego, and Madison, and the brig Jefferson, with a detachment of one hundred marines, compose the squadron to be employed in Florida under the command of Lieut. McLaughlin. Officers of the Van Buren.—Jno. B. Marchand, lieut. com't.; H. A. Wise and Alex. Murray, P. midship men; Hezekiah Niles, Geo. W. Rodgers, midshipmen; V. L. Gorden, ass't surgeon; James Maguire, 2d lieut. marines; R. Marshall, captain's clerk. Officers of the Phoenix.-C. St. George Noland, acting lieut. comd'g; J. Nicholson Barney, Edward Donaldson, passed midshipmen; E. A. Barnett, midshipman; Samuel Hollins, captain's clerk. And drivers of stage coaches with passengers are NEW HAMPSHIRE. tion bill was under discussion in the United States COMPLIMENT. A few days ago, while the fortificasenate, Mr. Phelps, of Vermont, advocated an amendment in favor of fortifying the frontier of that state and taking some care of Lake Champlain. He adverted to what had been done by the Green Mountain boys in the late war, &c. After he had concluded, Mr. Preston rose and said that "what he had just heard from the senator had certainly left him less cause for regret; if the defences were neglected any where, no where could they be so with less detriment to the country than in Vermont; the spirit of her Green Mountain boys would make every pass in her hills a Thermopylac and every cove a Salamis! CONNECTICUT. BANKS. There are thirty-one banks in Connecticut. Their aggregate loans are $10,306,069; their GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The Burlington Free Press circulations, $2,506,282; their specie $420,092. The says "We have recently had a visit from Dr. Jack-Harford bank has $77,000 specie; the Phoenix do. son, our distinguished chemist and geologist, who is $50,000; the others from $2,500 to $33,000. now employed in the geological survey of N. Hampshire. He took, whilst here, a cursory survey of some of the localities most remarkable in this vicinity as connected with a chain of scientific inquiries on the geology of the country eastward from the Connecticut river to the gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic coast. There are rumors in circulation detrimental to the Stanford bank of Connecticut. The commissioners, in their recent report, state that the bank was not in a condition to declare a dividend, notwithstanding which a dividend was declared of $1 per share, report says, out of the capital. NEW YORK. Dr. Jackson has already extensively collected valuable data for the solution of important problems STATE CANALS. There are but few subjects of A DELIGHTFUL SCENE. We understand that cap- demonstrative of the formation of the American con- public importance in which the people of this state tain Moore, of the United States navy, recently, for tinent. His geological surveys of Nova Scotia, Maine should feel a greater interest than in the operations the first time since his station at this place, shipped and New Hampshire, have afforded him a connected of the canals constructed by the state. It is gratifya crew on board his vessel. At night, he informed series of observations which we should wish to see ing to the friends of our system of internal improvethem that he was in the habit of reading his Bible carried westward through Vermont, and connected ment, to observe and note its triumphant success.every night, and if they chose, they might join him; with the basins of the great lakes and the bed of the But few however, are aware of the fact that, the and all, with one accord, came forward, so that the Mississippi. The acknowledged skill and experience Erie and Champlain canals, with all of the lateopen skylights above the cabin were surrounded with of Dr. Jackson in the various branches of science ral canals, (except the Genesee Valley and Black heads, intently listening to the voice of their com- connected with geology, we mean chemical analysis River, which are not yet completed) are paid for from mander, as he read the word of life. He then com- and metallurgy, would render his geological investi- the funds already provided for that purpose. This mended them to God, and bid them good night.-gations in this state of great public interest and imSoon after, there came along a pleasure boat, with a portance." party of gentlemen and ladies, who were engaged, agreeable to the apostolical injunction, being merry, in singing Psalms. As they came near, some of the crew sung out, "captain, we know that tune!""Well," replied he, "strike the next verse." So they all struck in, and sung the following verse with great enthusiasm, and the compliment was returned from the boat with waving of handkerchiefs, &c. As the boat, passing round, again neared the ship, the sailors called out, "captain, we know the missionary hymn!" "Well, then, sing it," he replied. So they struck up, at the top of their voices "From Greenland's icy mountains, &c." And thus, instead of the evening being passed in the forecastle, singing obscene and profane songs, as often it is with seamen, they were lingering about the captain's door, singing hyms, till time to "turn in." [Boston Recor. *If all the bills now before congress making appropriations for the navy, become laws. will leave the present and future internal improvement debt of the state to amount to about the cost of the enlargement for the Erie canal, the construction DIVORCE LAW. The legislature has, it seems, pass-of the Genesee Valley and Black River canals, and ed a law that will give great delight to all coveters other improvements. of matrimonial abolition, and be hailed by every wife desirous of speedy passage from legal wedlock to the free and easy shores of single blessedness. The statute provides that the wife of an alien, or citizen of any other state, who shall have resided in New Hampshire for two years together, and her husband during that time shall not have come into that state and claimed his marital rights to the person and property of his wife, may apply for her divorce, and on satisfactory proof of the fact, a divorce shall be decreed. During the separate residence she is to have and retain the exclusive custody and guardianship of minor children born in this country and living with her. This law fits the D'Hauteville case so fully in all particulars, that it is almost impossible to escape the suspicion that it was passed with an express Balance in favor of E. & C. canal fund 4,398,473 84 view to it. There are certain cases that it will be altogether conclusive against; for the husband will ne Cost of collecting tolls, &c, 1,051,912 77 21,927,471 39 -$26,325,945 23 |