above the amount received by the company for the use of its cars by foreign roads.

If the amount charged for any month, for the use of the company's cars used by other roads, exceeds the amount credited to other companies for the use of their cars, the balance should be included in "Miscellaneous Earnings

Stationery, Printed Blanks and Tickets.

This account is charged with all stationery, printed blanks and tickets used by the company. The proportion of this account is chargeable to the different divisions on the basis that the total earnings of the different divisions bear to the aggregate earnings of the whole road.

The stationery and printed blanks are in charge of the Stationery Clerk, and the tickets under the control of the General Passenger Agent. At the close of the fiscal year, a special inventory is taken by the Stationery Clerk upon forms furnished him.

Loss and Damage.

This account is charged with the cost of freight, baggage lost and damaged, the amount paid for property destroyed by fire or otherwise, for live stock killed or injured, attorneys' fees, court expenses, wages and expenses of adjusters, and others specially employed in connection with this branch of the service. These items should be charged to the divisions upon which the expense was incurred, if it is known; when it is not known, the amount becomes common to the whole road.

When the expense is common to the whole road, it is apportioneď to the different divisions on the basis of the gross earnings of the different divisions to the aggregate earnings of the whole road.

When the expense is common to the whole road, but chargeable to some particular branch of the service, it is allotted to the different divisions on the basis of the earnings of the different divisions from the departments interested, to the earnings of the whole road from such departments.

Injury to Persons.

This account is charged with disbursements on account of persons killed or injured. It includes court costs, fees and expenses of attorneys, doctors, coroners, undertakers' fees, board bills, hotel expense, the wages of those specially employed in connection with this department, also the time of employees detailed as witnesses.

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX.

Electric Light Accounting.

There are very few electric light companies, who keep their accounts in such shape that they may know the unit cost of supplying electric current.

In this lesson we shall endeavor to illustrate a system, whereby the actual cost of Arc and Incandescent lighting and Motor Power may be ascertained.

To devise a system of accounts specially adapted to Electric Light Stations, one should have a thorough knowledge of the construction, operation and management, while the construction is mechanical, and is not within the scope of this work, we will have to pass it, and direct our attention to the forms used in operation and management.

The items of expense necessary to operate a large station are very numerous, and unless the practical operations are well systematized and the working force well disciplined, it will be difficult to arrive at accurate results, even with a well devised system of accounts.

In starting a new plant, considerable time will be required to organize and systematize the working forces as well as in the preparation of the books and records.

After a company has been formed, or, if an old company is to be re-organized, the first point to be considered is the organization of its officers, and employees. This organization depends, however, upon the size of the plant, and the local conditions. The system herein illustrated is intended for a large plant, therefore, variations can easily be made, to meet the requirements of small or medium sized plants.

For the benefit of those unfamiliar with the organization, operation and management of an Electric Light plant, we will first direct our attention to the plan of organization, forms of reports and record books, thereby gaining a better understanding of the accounts to be used.

A careful examination of the following diagram will give a sufficient knowledge of organization, without further explanation.