who are chosen in counties. They must be citizens twenty-five years of age; and they must have had a residence in the state three years. Delegates are chosen by the people annually. Their qualifications are, citizenship, and one years' residence. Legislature meets on the first Monday in December.

The executive consists of a governor, and an executive council of five. The governor is chosen for one year, by joint ballot of both legislative branches. He may be chosen three years successively; and he is then ineligible for four years. He must be twenty-five years of age, and a resident citizen five years. Members of the council are chosen by the people. The executive has the power of pardoning in all cases, except those in which the laws otherwise direct.

Judges are appointed by the governor and council; they may be removed on the address of two thirds of the legislature, and by conviction, on indictment, in a court of justice.

Universal suffrage is enjoyed, and religious freedom is established, in this state.

441. State of Virginia. The constitution was amended in 1830.

The legislature is called the general assembly, composed of a house of delegates, of one hundred and thirtyfour members, apportioned in four great districts; and of a senate of thirty-two, apportioned in two greater districts. Members of the house are chosen annually by the people; of the senate, one fourth are annually renewed by popu lar election. Members of both branches must be freeholders. The legislature meets annually; but the constitution does not appoint the day.

The governor is chosen for three years, by the two branches of the legislature, and is eligible but once in six years. He must be a resident citizen, of the age of thirty years. A council of three is chosen in the same manner,

ment constituted? 441. Virginia. Of what is the legislature composed? The executive? How are judges chosen? How do the elec

the senior of whom is lieutenant governor. They are chosen for three years; but one of their number is annually renewed. The executive has the power of pardoning.

The judges and attorney general are chosen by the joint vote of the two branches, during good behavior, and removable on address, or on impeachment.

White male citizens only are voters. Their qualifica tions are such as to render suffrage nearly universal. Elections are viva voce, and not by ballot. Viva voce are words signifying living voice. The electors, on voting, name the persons for whom they vote.

The clergy are ineligible as legislators. No legislative provision can be made for religious worship; every one is free to believe and worship as he pleases.

442. State of South Carolina. Constitution adopted in 1790. It contains a provision, similar to that of Maryland, for amendments. It has been twice amended, once

in 1808, and again in 1816.

The legislature is composed of a general assembly, consisting of a senate and a house. One hundred and twenty-four representatives are apportioned in districts, in such manner, that each representative shall represent one sixty second part of the whole number of white inhabitants, and one sixty second part of the whole amount of taxes raised by the state. The senate consists of fortyfive members, who are chosen in election districts, which are established for the choice of representatives. bers of the house of representatives are chosen for two years; senators for four years, half of them renewed biennially. The former must be resident citizens three years; the latter five years, and must be thirty years of age, and freeholders. The legislature meets on the first Monday in November.

Mem

The governor is chosen by the legislature for two years; re-eligible after four years; and must be thirty

tors vote? 442. South Carolina. What is the date of the constitution? How is the legislature constituted? The executive? Tenor

years of age, a citizen resident ten years, and a freeholder. He has no council. He has the power of pardoning. A lieutenant governor, of like qualifications, is chosen, who has no power or duty unless the office of governor becomes vacant. Removal is made by impeachment.

Judges are appointed by joint ballot of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. Removable by impeachment.

Voters must be resident citizens two years, and possess a freehold, or pay taxes to the amount of three shillings sterling, which comes near to universal suffrage.

Religious freedom is established. Clergy ineligible to any civil office.

443. State of Georgia. Constitution adopted in 1798. It has been amended in one judicial provision.

The legislature is organized as in South Carolina. The senate and house are chosen in counties, according to white population, adding thereto two fifths of the people of color. Qualifications of members are, citizenship, residence, age and freehold, or other taxable property. Meeting is on the second Tuesday in January.

The governor is chosen by the legislature, biennially. Qualifications are, citizenship, age, freehold, or other taxable property. He has a qualified negative; pardoning power, except in case of impeachment; and power to reprieve, in case of treason and murder, till the session of the legislature.

Superior judges are chosen by the legislature for three years; and are removable by address, and by impeach

ment.

Qualifications of voters amount, practically, to universal suffrage.

of office of judges? Qualifications of voters? 443. Georgia. How is the legislature organized? The executive? How are judges cho

sen?

CHAPTER III.

Kentucky Ohio-Indiana-Louisiana--Mississippi

Illinois-Alabama-Missouri.

444. State of Kentucky. Constitution adopted in 1799. A convention is necessary to amend.

The legislature consists of a senate, and house of representatives. The number of senators is twenty-four, of which one fourth are renewable annually: the number may be increased in proportion of one for every three added to the house. They must have been resident citizens six years, and thirty-five years of age. They are chosen in districts in proportion to qualified electors. Representatives must have been resident citizens two years, and twenty-four years of age: proportioned to the number of electors. The whole number may not be less than fifty eight, nor exceed one hundred. Meeting annually, on the first Monday in November.

The governor is elected for four years, and is then ineligible for seven years. Qualifications the same as senators. He has the power of pardoning, except in case of impeachment; of reprieving in case of treason, till the legislature is convened; the power of nomination to the senate of all judicial and other important officers; and a qualified negative. There is a lieutenant governor, who is president of the senate.

Judges hold their office during good behavior; and are removable by the executive on address of the legislature, and by impeachment.

Universal suffrage.

Members of the legislature are disqualified, for one year, from accepting any office created, or any of the emoluments of which have been increased, during membership. The clergy are disqualified for civil office. In

444. Kentucky. Of what does the legislature consist? Qualifications of members? How is the governor chosen? What are his powers? What is the tenure of the judges? What other provisions?

all elections, voting is in viva voce, and not by ballot. Slaves may not be emancipated by law, without consent of their owners; nor without making their owners compensation therefor; nor may be prohibited from being brought into the state by emigrants Laws shall be passed to permit owners to emancipate on certain conditions. and to prevent slaves from being brought into the state as merchandise. Provisions are made for the enacting of laws requiring humane treatment, and trial by jury for offences. Religious freedom is established.

445. State of Ohio. Constitution adopted in 1802: amendable by convention.

Mem

The legislature consists of a house and senate. bers of the house must have been resident citizens one year, and paid taxes; and they must be twenty-five years of age. They are chosen in counties, according to the number of white male inhabitants above twenty-one years of age. The whole number may not be less than thirtysix, nor more than seventy-two. Senators have the same qualifications; are chosen on the same basis as the house. for two years, one half of their number to be renewed annually; and the whole number to be not less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives. Legislature meets on the first Monday in December.

The executive consists of a governor only, who is elected by the people for two years; is eligible six years in eight; and is required to be thirty years of age, and a resident citizen four years. He has the power of pardoning, except in cases of impeachment. He has no negative, nor appointing power. Speaker of the senate succeeds in case of vacancy.

Judges are chosen by joint ballot of the two branches of the legislature; and are removable on impeachment. Universal suffrage and religious freedom are enjoyed. Slavery is prohibited, and provision is made for ending existing servitude by lapse of time.

445. Ohio. What provisions as to the legislature? The executive?