Si quis Comitum, vel Baronum nostrorum sive aliorum tenencium de nobis in capite, per servicium militare, mortuus fuerit, et cum decesserit, heres ejus plene etatis fuerit et relevium debeat, habeat hereditatem suam per antiquum relevium; scilicet, heres vel heredes Comitis de Comitatu integro per centum libras; heres vel heredes Baronis de Baronia integra, per centum marcas; heres vel heredes Militis de feodo Militis integro, per centum solidos ad plus; et qui minus habuerit, minus det, secundum antequam consuetudinem feodorum.

III.

Si autem heres alicujus talium infra etatem fuerit, dominus ejus non habeat custodiam ejus, nec terre sue antequam homagium ejus cepit: et postquam talis heres fuerit in custodia, cum ad etatem pervenerit, scilicit viginti et unius anni, habeat hereditatem suam sine relevio, et sine fine; ita tum quod si ipse dum infra etatem fuerit, fiat Miles, nichilominus terra remaneat in custodia dominorum suorum, usque ad terminum predictum.

IV.

Custos terre hujusmodi heredis qui infra etatem fuerit non capiat de terra heredis nisi rationabiles exitus et rationabiles consuetudines, et rationabilia servitia, et hoc sine des

II.

If any of our Earls or Barons, or any other which hold of us in Chief by knight's service, die, and at the time of his death his heir be of full age, and oweth to us relief, he shall have his inheritance at the old relief; that is to say, the heir or heirs of an Earl, for a whole earldem, by an hundred pounds; the heir or heirs of a Baron, for a whole barony, by one hundred marks; the heir or heirs of a Knight, for a whole Knight's fee, by one hundred shillings, at the most; and he that hath less shall give less, according to the old custom of the fees.

III.

But if the heir of any such be within age, his Lord shall not have the ward of him, nor of his land before that he hath taken of him homage; and after that such an heir hath been in ward, when he is come to full age, that is to say, to the age of one and twenty years, he shall have his inheritance without relief, and without fine. So that if such an heir, being within age, be made a Knight, yet nevertheless his Land shall remain in the keeping of his Lord, until the term aforesaid.

IV.

The keeper of the land of such heir, being within age, shall not take of the lands of the heir but reasonable issues, reasonable customs, and reasonable services; and

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25 EDWARD I. rum.

MAGNA CARTA truccione et vasto hominum vel reEt si nos commiserimus custodiam alicujus talis terre vicecomiti vel alicui alii qui de exitibus terre illius nobis debeat respondere, et ille de custodia destruccionem et vastum fecerit, nos ab eo capiemus emendam, et terra committatur duobus legalibus et discretis hominibus de feodo illo, qui de exitibus terre illius nobis respondeant, vel illi cui illos assignaverimus. Et si dederimus vel vendiderimus alicui custodiam alicujus talis terre, et ille inde destruccionem fecerit vel vastum, amittat illam custodiam et tradatur duobus legalibus et discretis hominibus de feodo illo, qui similiter nobis respondeant, sicut predictum est.

V.

Custos autem quamdiu custodiam terre hujusmodi habuerit, sustentet domos parcos vivaria stagna molendina et cetera ad terram illam pertinentia de exitibus terre ejusdem, et reddat heredi cum ad plenam etatem pervenerit terram suam totam instauratam de carucis, et de omnibus aliis rebus ad minus sicut illam recepit. Hec omnia observentur de custodiis Archiepiscopatuum, Episcopatuum, Abbathiarum, Prioratuum, ecclesiarum et dignitatum vacantium que ad nos pertinent, excepto quod custodie hujusmodi vendi non debent.

VI.

Heredes maritentur absque disparagatione.

VII.

Vidua post mortem mariti sui, statim et sine difficultate aliqua habeat maritagium suum et hereditatem suam, nec aliquid det pro dote

that without destruction or waste of his men and his goods. And if we commit the custody of any such land to the Sheriff, or to any other which is answerable unto us for the issues of the same land, and if he makes destruction or waste of those things which he hath in custody, we will take of him amends and recompense therefore, and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, which shall answer unto us for the issues of the same land, or unto him to whom we shall have assigned them; and if we give or sell to any man the custody of any such land, and he therein do make destruction or waste, he shall lose the same custody; and it shall be assigned to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, which also in like manner shall be answerable to us, as afore is said.

V.

The keeper so long as he hath the custody of the land of such an heir, shall keep up the houses, parks, warrens, ponds, mills and other things pertaining to the said land, with the issues of the said land; and he shall deliver to the Heir, when he cometh of his full age, all his land stored with ploughs, and all other things, at the least as he received it. All these things shall be observed in the custodies of Archbishopricks, Bishopricks, Abbeys, Priories, Churches and Dignities vacant which appertain to us, except this, that such custody shall not be sold.

VI.

Heirs shall be married without Disparagement.

VII.

A Widow, after the death of her husband, incontinent, and without any difficulty, shall have her marriage and her inheritance, and shall

sua nec pro maritagio suo nec pro hereditate sua quam hereditatem maritus suus et ipsa tenuerunt simul die obitus ipsius mariti sui, et maneat in capitali Mesuagio mariti sui per quadraginta dies post obitum mariti sui, infra quos dies assignetur ei dos sua, nisi prius fuerit ei assignata, vel misi domus illa sit Castrum; et si de castro recesserit domus ei competens statim provideatur in qua possit honeste morari quousque dos sua ei assignetur secundum quod predictum est, et habeat rationabile estoverium suum interim de communi. Assignetur autem ei pro dote sua tertia pars totius terre mariti sui que sua fuit in vita sua, nisi de minori fuerit dotata ad ostium ecclesie. Nulla vidua distringatur ad se maritandam dum voluerit vivere sine marito. Ita tamen quod securitatem faciat quod se non maritabit sine assensu nostro, si de nobis tenuerit, vel sine assensu domini sui si de alio tenuerit.

VIII.

Nos vero vel Ballivi nostri non seisiemus terram aliquam vel redditum pro debito aliquo quamdiu catalla debitoris presentia sufficiant ad debitum reddendum et ipse debitor paratus sit inde satisfacere. Nec pleggii ipsius debitoris distringantur quamdium ipse capitalis debitor sufficiat ad solutionem ipsius debiti, et si capitalis debitor defecerit in solutione debiti, non habens unde reddat aut reddere nolit cum possit, pleggii de debito respondeant; et si voluerint habeant terras et reditus debitoris, quousque sit eis satisfactum de debito quod ante pro eo solverunt, nisi capitalis debitor monstraverit se inde esse quietum versus eosdem pleggios.

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give nothing for her dower, her MAGNA CARTA marriage or her inheritance, which 25 EDWARD I. her husband and she held the day of the death of her husband, and she shall tarry in the chief house of her husband by forty days after the death of her husband, within which days her dower shall be assigned her, if it were not assigned her before, or that the house be a castle; and if she depart from the castle, then a competent house shall be forthwith provided for her, in the which she may honestly dwell, until her dower be to her assigned, as is aforesaid; and she shall have in the meantime, her reasonable estovers of the common; and for her dower shall be assigned unto her the third part of all the lands of her husband, which were his during coverture, except she were endowed of less at the Church door. Widow shall be destreined to marry herself; nevertheless she shall find surety that she shall not marry without our license and assent, if she hold of us, nor without the assent of the Lord, if she hold of another.

VIII.

No

We or our Bailiffs shall not seize any land or rent for any debt, as long as the present goods and chattles of the debtor do suffice to pay the debt, and the debtor himself be ready to satisfy therefore. Neither shall the pledges of the debtor be distrained, as long as the principal debtor is sufficient for the payment of the debt. And if the principal debtor fail in the payment of the debt, having nothing wherewith to pay, or will not pay where he is able, the pledges shall answer for the payment of the debt. And if they will, they shall have the lands and rents of the debtor, until they be satisfied of that which they before 'paid for him, except that the debtor can show himself to be acquitted against the said sureties.

Recognitiones de nova disseisina et de morte antecessoris, non capiantur nisi in suis Comitalibus et hoc modo: Nos vel si extra regnum fuerimus, capitalis Justiciarius noster, mittemus Justiciarios nostros per unum quemque Comitatum semel in anno, qui cum Militibus Comitatuum capiant in Comitatibus assisas predictas, et illa que in illo adventu suo in Comitatus per Justiciarios nostros predictos ad dictas assisas capiendas missos terminari non possunt per eosdem terminentur alibi in itinere suo; et ea que per eosdem propter difficultatem aliquorum articulorum terminari non possunt, referantur ad Justiciarios nostros de Banco et ibi terminentur.

XIII.

Assise de ultima presentatione semper capiantur coram Justiciariis de Banco et ibi terminentur.

IX.

The city of London shall have all the old liberties and customs, which it hath been used to have. Moreover, we will and grant, that all other Cities, Boroughs, Towns, and the Barons of the five Ports, and all other Ports, shall have all their liberties and free customs.

X.

No man shall be distrained to do more service for a Knights fee, nor any freehold, than therefore is due.

XI.

Common pleas shall not follow our court, but shall be holden in some place certain.

XII.

Assises of novel disseisin and Mort d'ancestre, shall not be taken but in the shires, and after this manner; If we be out of this Realm, our chief Justicer shall send our Justicers through every county, once in the year, which, with the Knights of the shires, shall take the said Assises in those Counties; and those things that at the coming of our foresaid Justicers, being sent to take those Assises in the counties, cannot be determined, shall be ended by them at some other place in their circuit; and those things, which for difficulty of some articles cannot be determined by them, shall be referred to our Justicers of the Bench, and there be ended.

XIII.

Assises of Darrein Presentment, shall be always 'taken before our Justices of the Bench, and there shall be determined.

XIV.

Liber homo non amercietur pro parvo delicto nisi secundum modum ipsius delicti; et pro magno delicto secundum magnitudinem delicti salvo contenemento suo; et mercator eodem modo sulva mercandisa sua; et villanus alterius quam noster eodem modo amercietur salvo wain agio suo si inciderit in manum nostrum. Et nulla predictarum misericordiarum ponatur nisi per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de vicino.* Comites et Barones non amercientur nisi per pares suos et non nisi secundum modum delicti. Nulla ecclesiastica persona amercietur secundum quantitatem beneficii sui ecclesiastici, sed secundum laicum tenementum suum, et secundum quantitatem delicti,

XV

Nec villa nec liber homo distringatur facere pontes ad riparias, nisi qui ab antiquo et de jure facere debent.

XVI.

Nulle riparie defendentur de cetero nisi ille que fuerunt in defenso tempore H. Regis Avi nostri, per eadem loca et eosdem terminos sicut esse consueverunt tempore suo.

XVII.

Nullus Vicecomes Constabularius Coronator vel alii Ballivi nostri tenant placita corone nostre.

XVIII.

Si aliquis tenens de nobis laicum feodum moriatur, et Vicecomes vel Ballivus noster ostendat litteras nos

XIV.

A Freeman shall not be amerced for a small fault, but after the manner of the fault; and for a great fault after the greatnes thereof, saving to him his contenement; and a Merchant likewise, saving to him his merchandize; and any other's villain than ours, shall be likewise amerced, saving his wainage, if he fall into our mercy. And none of the said Amerciaments shall be assessed but by the oath of honest and lawful men of the vicinage. Earls and Barons shall not be amerced but by their Peers and after the manner of their offence. No man of the Church shall be amerced after the quantity of his spiritual Benefice, but after his Lay-tenement, and after the quantity of his offence.

XV.

No Town nor Freeman shall be distrained to make Bridges nor Banks, but such as of old time and of light have been accustomed to make them in the time of King Henry our Grandfather.

XVI.

No Banks shall be defended from henceforth but such as were in defence in the time of King Henry our Grandfather, by the same places and the same bounds as they were wont to be in his time.

XVII.

No Sheriff, Constable, Escheator, Coroner, nor any other our Bailiffs, shall hold Pleas of our Crown.

XVIII.

If any that holdeth of us Layfee, do die, and our Sheriff or Bailiff do show our Letters Patent of