The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its SignificanceOxford University Press, 12 de out. de 2006 - 368 páginas The periodic table is one of the most potent icons in science. It lies at the core of chemistry and embodies the most fundamental principles of the field. The one definitive text on the development of the periodic table by van Spronsen (1969), has been out of print for a considerable time. The present book provides a successor to van Spronsen, but goes further in giving an evaluation of the extent to which modern physics has, or has not, explained the periodic system. The book is written in a lively style to appeal to experts and interested lay-persons alike. The Periodic Table begins with an overview of the importance of the periodic table and of the elements and it examines the manner in which the term 'element' has been interpreted by chemists and philosophers. The book then turns to a systematic account of the early developments that led to the classification of the elements including the work of Lavoisier, Boyle and Dalton and Cannizzaro. The precursors to the periodic system, like D?bereiner and Gmelin, are discussed. In chapter 3 the discovery of the periodic system by six independent scientists is examined in detail. Two chapters are devoted to the discoveries of Mendeleev, the leading discoverer, including his predictions of new elements and his accommodation of already existing elements. Chapters 6 and 7 consider the impact of physics including the discoveries of radioactivity and isotopy and successive theories of the electron including Bohr's quantum theoretical approach. Chapter 8 discusses the response to the new physical theories by chemists such as Lewis and Bury who were able to draw on detailed chemical knowledge to correct some of the early electronic configurations published by Bohr and others. Chapter 9 provides a critical analysis of the extent to which modern quantum mechanics is, or is not, able to explain the periodic system from first principles. Finally, chapter 10 considers the way that the elements evolved following the Big Bang and in the interior of stars. The book closes with an examination of further chemical aspects including lesser known trends within the periodic system such as the knight's move relationship and secondary periodicity, as well at attempts to explain such trends. |
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abstract elements alkali metals aluminum appears argon atomic number atomic weight basic substances beryllium Bohr Bohr’s Broek calculations Cannizzaro carbon Chancourtois chapter Chemical Education Chemical Elements chemical properties chemists claim classification compounds Dalton discovered discovery Döbereiner E.R. Scerri electronic configurations energy equivalent weights example experimental explain fact figure Foundations of Chemistry gallium Gmelin helium Hinrichs hydrogen iodine isotopes Journal of Chemical Julius Lothar Meyer known elements later Lavoisier Lothar Meyer lutetium Main Smith Mendeleev modern molecules Moseley nature neutrons Newlands Newlands’s nitrogen noble gases notion nucleus number of electrons Odling orbitals oxygen particular Pauli Periodic Law periodic system periodic table philosophical physicist physics principle protons Prout’s hypothesis published quantum mechanics quantum number quantum theory question radioactivity rare earth regarded relationship scandium scientific shell simple substances sodium Spronsen suggested tellurium textbook transition metals triads University Press uranium valence values whole number Xray