duced in Congress, and it should likewise receive early and favorable consideration.

There are hereto appended tables giving the location, date of establishment, area, private holdings, if any, and number of visitors, and the special characteristics of the various national parks under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, the appropriations made by Congress for the protection and improvement thereof during 1913 and seven years prior thereto, as well as revenues derived from leases, privileges, and concessions in said reservation received during said period, as well as a statement of the automobile receipts during 1913.

HETCH HETCHY VALLEY, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK.

A permit was issued by the Secretary of the Interior on May 11, 1908, granting to the city of San Francisco right of way over certain lands in the Yosemite National Park, with permission to take water from Lake Eleanor and Hetch Hetchy Valley in that park, under the conditions therein set forth. The stipulations of this permit provided, among other things, that the Lake Eleanor site should be developed to its full capacity before beginning the development of the Hetch Hetchy site, and also for the protection of the rights of the Modesto irrigation district and the Turlock irrigation district to the use of the natural flow of the Tuolumne River and its branches to the full extent of their claims, etc. Thereafter the city under said permit surveyed a dam site at Lake Eleanor and made preliminary surveys of the Lake Eleanor main canal running from the dam above mentioned to the junction of the Hetch Hetchy main canal, etc., which were approved by the department February 25, 1909, and took steps looking to the clearing and exploration of foundations for the dam site.

In February, 1910, the then Secretary of the Interior issued a citation to the mayor and supervisors of the city and county of San Francisco to show cause why the Hetch Hetchy Valley reservoir site should not be eliminated from the permit theretofore granted to the city on May 11, 1909, for a water supply for said city and county. A board of Army engineers was detailed by the Secretary of War as an advisory board to the Secretary of the Interior in the disposition of the matter.

Upon consideration of the application of the city for an extension of time to secure further data, a continuance was granted for that purpose until June 1, 1911, and the board of Army engineers was authorized to receive such data as might be furnished by the city to establish its claim for the necessity for the use of the Hetch Hetchy site and to secure such other necessary data as they might deem

advisable, and an appropriation of $12,000 was granted by Congress to defray the expenses of this board.

On account of the stated inability of the city to procure within the time allotted the data deemed necessary by the board, postponement was granted from time to time by the Secretary of the Interior, the final documents not being submitted by the city until September 1, 1912. The final hearing on the matter was had before the then Secretary of the Interior November 25 to 30, 1912, at which the parties interested were represented and at which the Army board was present. The report of the Army board was submitted to the Secretary of the Interior on February 19, 1913, and was transmitted to Congress. (H. Doc. No. 54, 63d Cong., 1st sess.)

In the judgment of the board, in making a selection of one of the several sources of water supply that could be obtained and used by the city of San Francisco and adjacent communities, the determining factor is principally one of cost. The project proposed by the city of San Francisco, known as the Hetch Hetchy project, in the opinion of the board, was $20,000,000 cheaper than any other feasible project for furnishing an adequate supply of water to the city, and such project had the additional advantage of permitting the development of a greater amount of water power than any other. The use of the Hetch Hetchy Valley as a reservoir site was regarded as necessary if the full flow of the upper Tuolumne River was to be conserved. Furthermore, it was of the opinion that there would be sufficient water if adequately stored and economically used to supply both the reasonable demands of the bay communities and the reasonable needs of the Turlock-Modesto irrigation districts for the remainder of the present century.

By reason of the fertility of the lands under irrigation and their aridness without water, the necessity of preserving all available water in the valley of California will sooner or later make the demand for the use of the Hetch Hetchy Valley as a reservoir "practically irresistible." A delay of the few years in transforming Hetch Hetchy Valley into a reservoir is of but little importance, and it was therefore not deemed necessary in the judgment of the board to require delaying the construction of this reservoir until the Lake Eleanor and Cherry sources have been fully developed.

Under date of March 1, 1913, former Secretary Fisher, in disposing of this case, stated, among other things:

In view of the language of the Yosemite Reservation act of 1890 I believe that, as a matter of broad public policy and not at all as a matter of necessary statutory construction, the natural condition of so important a natural curiosity or wonder as the Hetch Hetchy Valley should not be radically changed without the express authority of Congress embodied either in a statute granting a permit and fixing its terms and conditions or by an act conferring upon the Secre tary of the Interior the power to issue such a permit upon terms and conditions

to be fixed by him within broad general limitations. I have repeatedly urged that the act of 1901 should be amended in this very way.

On March 12, 1913, there were presented for consideration, with a view to approval, maps constituting application for rights of way through the Yosemite National Park under the act of February 15, 1901, filed by the city and county of San Francisco, under surveys which had been authorized in the park by the department under date of December 3, 1912, and upon consideration thereof the maps were approved, with the following indorsement:

The foregoing map, filed under the act of February 15, 1901, by the city of San Francisco, assignee of James D. Phelan, is hereby approved, subject to the filing by the city of San Francisco of such formal stipulations and the fulfillment of such conditions as may be hereafter indicated, it being understood that no permanent work of any character whatsoever shall be constructed or done and that such map is filed and approved for the purpose of enabling the city of San Francisco to protect and develop its private water rights, acquired under the laws of the State of California, pending action by Congress upon the application of the city of San Francisco. The approval of May 11, 1908, of the Hetch Hetchy reservoir site is hereby revoked.

Subsequently H. R. 6281 was introduced in Congress, "Granting to the city and county of San Francisco certain rights of way in, over, and through certain public lands, the Yosemite National Park, and Stanislaus National Forest, and certain lands in the Yosemite National Park, the Stanislaus National Forest, and the public lands in the State of California, and for other purposes." Hearings were had thereon before the House Committee on Public Lands, and a new bill (H. R. 7207, granting authority to the city and county of San Francisco to secure, under conditions therein set forth, water from the Yosemite National Park), after very full discussion, subsequently passed both Houses of Congress.

The department, in reporting favorably upon the measure, stated, among other things:

The permission desired by the city and county of San Francisco to secure water from the Yosemite National Park for municipal purposes, etc., should be accorded. The communities on San Francisco Bay constitute the largest center of population on the Pacific coast and are urgently in need of an adequate supply of pure, wholesome water for domestic consumption and for fire protection. This project would insure the development of a dependable supply of water for the use of the adjacent irrigation districts and it would also provide for the development of power now going to waste. The city of San Francisco has evidenced its good faith in this matter by providing for a large bond issue looking to securing money to effectuate the grant if accorded. The bill under consideration fully protects the interests of the United States in the park and elsewhere. Under the project as proposed by the city the floor of the Hetch Hetchy Valley, now difficult of access and frequently unhealthy, will be converted into a lake of great beauty and be provided with suitable approaches. Under the provisions of this bill the revenues derived by the Government from the generation of electrical energy from the waters in the Hetch Hetchy Valley,

which in time will grow into a very considerable sum, are to be used for the maintenance and improvement of the Yosemite National Park, and the city of San Francisco has undertaken to construct and maintain roads, trails, and bridges, which will practically result in a great enlargement of the park areas of the high Sierras by making them more safely and easily accessible.

NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES.

By an act approved June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preservation of American antiquities," the President of the United States is authorized, "in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments." Under such authority the President has created the twenty-nine monuments:

National monuments administered by Interior Department.

3 Originally set aside by proclamation of Apr. 16, 1908, and contained only 120 acres.
4 Within an Indian reservation.

One new monument, Cabrillo National Monument, was created during the fiscal year at Point Loma, of a small tract of land which lies within the military reservation at Fort Rosecrans, Cal., the same being of historic interest because of the discovery of the territory now partly embraced in the State of California, by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, who first sighted land on September 28, 1542. This monument is under the jurisdiction of the War Department.

Administrative conditions.-The supervision of these various monuments has, in the absence of any specific appropriation for their protection and improvement, necessarily been intrusted to the field officers of the department having charge of the territory in which the several monuments are located.

Administrative conditions continue to be unsatisfactory, as no appropriation of funds has yet been made available for this important, protective, and preservative work. Such supervision as has been possible in the cases of a few monuments only has been wholly inadequate and has not prevented vandalism, unauthorized exploitation or spoliation of relics found in those prehistoric ruins, whose preservation is contemplated by the passage of the act of June 8, 1906. An estimate in the sum of $5,000 for protection of these monuments was submitted last year, but no appropriation was made, and a similar estimate will again be submitted to Congress, not so much for the purpose of preserving by restoration the objects reserved in the national monuments as to prevent the removal of valuable relics and vandalism. Monuments suffering from these causes should be provided with a custodian or superintendent, and in this way a small general appropriation can be made most useful and its expenditure will be wholly in the interest of the public. The protection and preservation of the national monuments as public reservations are of great interest and importance because a great variety of objects, historic, prehistoric, and scientific in character, are thus preserved for public use intact, instead of being exploited by private individuals for gain and their treasures scattered. These reserves should be administered in connection with the national parks, which they strongly resemble. It would be difficult to define one in terms that would exclude the other. The renewal of the estimate for a small appropriation has been made for the purpose of keeping this class of reserves intact until such time as Congress shall authorize the creation of some administrative unit which shall take over both the parks and monuments and administer them under a general appropriation. National monuments under other departments.-The following national monuments are not administered by the Secretary of the Interior: