retain skill in hunting and fishing. However, the vigorous enforcement of this law in flagrant cases of inexcusable nonattendance will doubtless have a very salutary effect. The law regulating the registration and restriction of communicable diseases in Alaska provides that in any native village any representative of the Bureau of Education shall have power as health officer to enforce quarantine regulations; to cause garbage to be removed; to disinfect persons, houses, or property; and to cause furniture or household goods to be destroyed when they are a menace to the public health. Violations of the regulations made or disobedience of orders given under the authority of this law are punishable by a fine not exceeding $100 or by imprisonment for not more than 50 days, or by both fine and imprisonment. The Alaska Territorial Legislature also passed a bill to amend the Penal Code of Alaska, making the soliciting, purchasing, or receiving of liquor by a native a criminal offense.

The prosperity of the Hydaburg colony upon the tract on Prince of Wales Island, reserved for its use by Executive order, where the natives successfully conduct their own store and sawmill, caused the natives of Klukwan and Klawock, in southeastern Alaska, to desire similar reservation upon which to conduct their own enterprises. By Executive order a tract with an approximate area of 800 acres, bordering the Chilkat River, has been reserved for the exclusive use of the Klukwan natives. Much of this land has agricultural value, and gardening will be systematically taught by the teacher of the United States public school. The proposed reservation at Klawock is within the Tongass National Forest; arrangements are being made with the Forest Service for its reservation.

Expenditures from appropriation “Education of natives of Alaska, 1913.”

THE ALASKA REINDEER SERVICE.

Reports from the reindeer stations covering the fiscal year 1913 have not yet been received, the herds being in northern and western Alaska. The latest complete statistics regarding the reindeer service are those of the fiscal year 1912, according to which the total number of reindeer in Alaska, June 30, 1912, was 38,476, distributed among 54 herds. Of the 38,476 reindeer, 24,068, or 62.5 per cent, were owned by 633 natives; 3,776, or 9.8 per cent, were owned by the United States; 4,511, or 11.7 per cent, were owned by missions; and 6,121, or 16 per cent, were owned by Lapps. The total income of the natives from the reindeer industry during the fiscal year 1911-12, exclusive of the value of the meat and hides used by the natives themselves, was $44,885.04.

The object of the importation of reindeer from Siberia into Alaska, which began in 1892, was originally to furnish a source of supply for food and clothing to the Eskimos along the shores of the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. In 20 years the reindeer industry has elevated the Eskimos in northern and western Alaska from nomadic hunters and fishermen, eking out a precarious existence upon the rapidly disappearing game animals and fish, to civilized, thrifty men, having in their herds of reindeer assured support for themselves and opportunity to acquire wealth by the sale of meat and skins to the white men in those regions, and the shipment of meat and skins to the States.

In order to make the natives preserve and accumulate the reindeer intrusted to them and to preclude the possibility of the reindeer industry being taken from the natives, no native has been permitted to sell or otherwise dispose of female reindeer to any person other than a native of Alaska. Strict adherence to this fundamental principle has built up for the natives of northern and western Alaska this industry, which is especially adapted to them and which affords them assured means of support. There is grave danger that granting to the natives permission to dispose of female reindeer to white men would rapidly deprive the natives of their reindeer and destroy this great native industry which is the result of 20 years of careful oversight and fostering care.

Under a recent Executive order the Aleutian Islands have been set aside as the Aleutian Islands Reservation under the charge of the Department of Agriculture and of the Department of Commerce for the purpose of making experiments in raising fur-bearing animals, in developing the fisheries, and in propagating reindeer. In compliance with the request of the Department of Agriculture plans have been made to deliver to that department 50 reindeer from the herds of the Department of the Interior for use in stocking Umnak

and Attu Islands, upon which the Bureau of Education has no representatives. In August, 1911, 40 reindeer were delivered to the Department of Commerce for use in stocking St. Paul and St. George Islands; in June, 1912, the number of reindeer on those islands had increased to 65.

Expenditures from appropriation "Reindeer for Alaska, 1913."

As in the previous year, I spent much of my time in the field visiting and inspecting schools of all kinds and grades, libraries, playgrounds, and other educational institutions. I attended national, State, county, and city conventions of teachers, education officers, librarians, and mass meetings of citizens interested in the advancement of education. In the performance of these duties I traveled about 75,000 miles, visited half the States in the Union, including most of those not visited the previous year, and made about 200 public addresses. I carried on an extensive correspondence with State, city, county, and local officials, teachers, directors of educational institutions, associations interested in education, and private citizens, and cooperated with committees of national associations in important educational investigations.

Within the year three new divisions were created in the bureau: The division of negro education, the division of kindergarten education, and the division of home education. The brief reports of the first two of these new divisions are included in this statement. The home education division was created so near the end of the year that there is no report of its work to be made at this time.

The division of rural education was enlarged by the addition of two specialists and a chief of field service, and the promotion of an assistant in the division to the position of specialist. The list of special collaborators serving the bureau at the nominal salary of $1 a year was increased from 42 to 65. Most of these collaborators are men and women of special ability and interest, working under such conditions as enable them to give valuable service to the bureau without interfering with their regular duties. Some of them bring to the bureau the helpful cooperation of important committees and commissions, thus enabling the bureau to extend its work and in

fluence in a way otherwise impossible except at the cost of large expenditures for specialists. Seven of these special collaborators have desks in the office of the bureau and give valuable assistance in carrying on its correspondence, making investigations, preparing reports, and otherwise. These and others also represent the bureau, at my request, at various conventions.

As mentioned elsewhere, representatives of the bureau were sent last fall, winter, and spring to Switzerland to study the means by which the Swiss schools have adapted their work so well to the needs of the people in their industrial and civic life, and to Denmark to study and report on the rural schools of that country.

At my request Dr. Henry Turner Bailey and Mr. Royal Bailey Farnum prepared for the bureau a select exhibit of drawing work done in the elementary and secondary schools of the United States. This exhibit, consisting of 96 large mounts showing drawings of various kinds in all the grades up to the last year of the high school and so arranged as to show progress from grade to grade, is sent by the bureau to cities and meetings of educational associations upon request and the payment of transportation.

At my suggestion State and county school officers in most of the States of the Union have agreed to begin a nation-wide campaign for a minimum rural school term of 160 days, a minimum qualification of four years of high school, and two years of college or normalschool education for rural school-teachers, and for good libraries in all the rural public schools, and also to make a better adjustment of the work of the rural schools to the needs of country life. These things can not be brought about immediately, but they will come more quickly if such a campaign can be carried on energetically and persistently. There is great need of it.

In every appropriate way I have tried to bring the people of the country to understand that the Bureau of Education is interested alike in all educational effort, and that it is equally at the service of public and private schools, public libraries, and all other educational agencies.

I desire to call attention again to the necessity of regrading and increasing salaries in this bureau. The salary of the chief clerk is now the same as that fixed by the act creating the bureau March 2, 1867. His duties require unusual qualifications, and the salary should be increased to not less than $2,500. During the fiscal year for which this statement is made three of the seven specialists in the bureau resigned to accept administrative or teaching positions in leading colleges and universities at salaries much larger than they received from the bureau. As long as the scale of salaries remains as low as it is at present, the bureau can not hope to retain the serv

ices of capable specialists. The nature of the work to be done by these specialists is such that it had better not be attempted at all than not done well.

Within the three years from July 1, 1910, to June 30, 1913, the work of this bureau has increased more than threefold, with an increase of only 20 per cent in appropriation. With the present appropriation and equipment the bureau can attempt to do only a small part of the work for which it was established and for which there is urgent demand. In my estimates submitted for the year 1915 I have included increases in the staff and salaries, the necessity of which should be impressed upon Congress.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

These estimates provide

(1) For necessary increases in salaries.

(2) For an assistant commissioner, who should also be a specialist in secondary education, and should serve as the chief of a high-school division of the bureau.

(3) For additional specialists and clerks in higher education, including universities, colleges, schools of technology, schools of professional education, and normal schools, with particular emphasis on the need of a specialist to devote his entire time and attention to the colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts for negroes in the Southern States.

(4) For a considerable increase in the appropriation for the investigation of rural education, industrial education, and school hygiene, the present appropriation of $15,000 being wholly inadequate for this purpose.

(5) For the investigation of city school administration and education in city schools, which work the bureau is at present able to do only in the most meager and unsatisfactory way.

(6) For the investigation of the education of exceptional children, for which there is an urgent demand, but for which the bureau now has no appropriation.

(7) For the investigation of the education of adult illiterates and the dissemination of information as to the best methods of reducing the large amount of illiteracy of adult population in all parts of the country.

(8) For the investigation of school and home gardening in cities and manufacturing towns, and for dissemination of information as to how this important form of industrial education may be promoted by the cooperation of the school and the home.

(9) For the investigation of home education and the dissemination of information as to the best methods of the early physical, mental,