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one and one-half per cent a month additional may be collected by the directors, by suit at law, or the stock of the subscribers in arrears may be resold by the directors. No note or other obligation given by a stockholder may be accepted in payment of capital stock, and subscribers in arrears within thirty days preceding an election may not vote at such election.

Capital stock of manufacturing companies (except brewers or distillers or those enjoying the right of eminent domain) exclusively employed in manufacturing within the State is exempt from taxation.

XIII. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS:

Foreign corporations of the second class doing business in this State, and having three citizens thereof among their stockholders, may become domestic corporations by having approved and recorded: 1. A certificate setting forth: (a) the name; (b) purposes; (c) place of business; (d) term of existence; (e) names and residences of stockholders, and the number of each one's shares; (f) number of directors, and names and addresses of those elected for the current year; (g) amount of capital stock and number and par value of the shares; (h) the legislation under which it was created; and (i) financial condition (showing capital stock paid in, funded debt, floating debt, estimated value of property and cash assets, if any). 2. A certificate under the corporate seal, acknowledged and sworn to by at least three directors before the recorder of deeds of the proper county, and approved and indorsed by the Governor, showing the consent to such application of a majority in interest and to a renunciation of its original charter, and all privileges not enjoyed by secondclass corporations in this State, said certificate to be recorded in the recorder's office of the proper county and in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth, and an abstract thereof furnished by him to the auditorgeneral. 1. A foreign corporation which has become domestic has the same rights, privileges, powers, immunities, lands, property and assets as the original corporation, not expressly withheld by general law and its certificate; and all previous claims, etc., for and against said corporations may be sued, prosecuted and collected under the laws governing the same prior to the new charter. 2. Foreign corporations may purchase real estate at judicial sales, but may not hold the same more than fifteen years. 3. Foreign glass, steel and iron companies may have factories and other necessary real estate not exceeding one hundred. acres, to be subject to taxation and to the same regulations as domestic corporations as to amount of capital employed, taxation of same, and the making of returns to the auditor-general. 4. All foreign corporations (except insurance companies and those paying other taxes), not investing and using their capital in this State, must procure annual licenses from the auditor-general, paying for the same one-quarter of one mill on each dollar of their capital stock. 5. No foreign corporation may do business in this State without an office and an agent therein, nor until it has filed a statement in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth, setting forth its title, object, location of office and name of agent; a certificate of which filing must be kept in the office of each agent for public inspection. Non-compliance with this law is declared to be a misdemeanor. 6. Foreign corporations may not hold real estate unless specially authorized by law, but the fact that some of the members of a corporation reside abroad does not incapacitate it from holding real estate, if otherwise qualified. 7. In proceedings against foreign corporations, process may be served upon any officer, agent or engineer, either personally or by copy left at their office. and, when they have an office in any county of this State, service may he had upon any officer or agent within the county.

MINING.

I. INSPECTION OF MINES:

The anthracite and bituminous coal fields are each divided into districts, for each of which district an inspector is appointed by the Governor after examination and recommendation by a board of examiners appointed for that purpose. Said inspectors hold office five years in

the anthracite field and four in the bituminous.

The duties of inspectors are (1) to examine mines and collieries; (2) to attend inquests; (3) visit places of and investigate accidents; (4) see that all mine laws are observed: (5) keep a record of all visits to mines; (6) take care of all maps, plans, records and other property of the State; and (7) make annual reports to the Secretary of Internal Affairs.

II. DUTIES OF OWNERS, ETC.:

1. It is the duty of owners, operators or superintendents of mines to make annual reports of progress to the mine inspectors, and to report all changes in workings which affect the safety of miners; in the anthracite coal field such reports must be made immediately; in the bituminous, once in every three months. 2. To have rules of conduct, approved by the mine inspector, posted in conspicuous places. 3. To drive bore-holes in front and on sides when approaching abandoned or dangerous parts of mines. 4. To

provide safety lamps. 5. To provide stretchers at the entrance of all mines. 6. The owners, etc., of anthracite mines must provide railings in dangerous places, props and timbers necessary to the safety of miners, overcasts when necessary, and, in certain mines, ambulances in addition to the stretchers; moreover they must not employ anyone as a miner who has not a certificate of competency from the miners' examining board.

III. MAPS AND PLANS:

The owners, operators or superintendents of anthracite mines in which more than ten persons are employed must provide maps or plans on a scale of not more than one hundred feet to the inch, copies of which must be kept at the office of the inspector, and at the colliery for the inspection of the miners, upon which maps and copies all changes must be noted every six months. Operators

or superintendents of all bituminous mines must furnish the mine inspector with maps on a scale of two hundred feet to an inch, corrected every six months. When any part of a mine is about to be abandoned a map thereof must be furnished to the inspector.

IV. MEASURES OF SAFETY:

1. Every mine must have two outlets, at least one hundred and fifty feet apart on the surface, and not more than twenty persons may work in said mine at one time before the second opening is made or after one of them has been abandoned. If necessary one of said openings may be made on adjoining lands, the damages to be assessed by viewers appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. In bituminous mines worked by drifts, the said openings need not be more than thirty feet apart; but in those worked by shafts, the openings must be one hundred and fifty feet apart. Outlets less than seventyfive feet deep must be provided with steps, deeper ones with machinery for hoisting. Slopes must not have a In greater angle of inclination than twenty degrees. slopes of anthracite mines, having an inclination of not more than fifteen degrees, separate traveling ways must be provided, free from gas or steam. 2. Shafts and slopes must have speaking tubes from top to bottom. 3. Machinery must be fenced or protected by railing or otherwise. 4. Self-closing doors for purposes of ventilation, and safety holes to protect miners from passing cars, must be provided. 5. Convenient wash-houses must be provided near the entrance for the use of workmen. 6. Anthracite mines in which more than seventy-five persons are employed must be divided into two or more districts; underground openings of abandoned workings in said mines and the tops of shafts must be properly fenced off, and owners of adjoining lands must leave sufficient pillars of coal in each vein on the dividing line.

Adequate ventilation, consisting of not less than one hundred cubic feet of air per minute in bituminous and two hundred cubic feet per minute in anthracite coal mines must be provided for each person employed. Abandoned mines and workings must be kept free from gas and water as far as possible.

It is unlawful to employ boys under twelve years of age in bituminous coal mines (boys between the ages of twelve and sixteen years must be accompanied by older persons) or in the outside workings of anthracite mines, or under fourteen years in anthracite mines, or females of any age in any mines; except in offices for clerical work. V. BOSSES AND FOREMEN:

In all bituminous coal mines competent mine foremen and fire bosses, and in anthracite coal mines mine foremen must be employed. The said mine foremen and fire bosses must have certificates from the mine inspector and two other examiners appointed by the court, and the said foremen or assistant foremen in the anthracite region, must be registered and have certificates from the secretary of internal affairs, of qualification and service, furnished after examination by a board of examiners appointed for the purpose.

The said bosses, foremen or assistants, as the case may be, have charge of the inside workings of the mines. It is the duty of foremen and fire bosses to make weekly measurements of the currents of air, and make a report on the same to the inspector; and to make daily examinations of all the workings in anthracite mines; and at least once every alternate day in bituminous coal mines. In the anthracite region there must also be outside foremen in charge of breakers and outside workings. VI. WEIGHT OF COAL:

The legal weight of a ton of anthracite coal is declared to be two thousand two hundred and forty pounds avoirdupois, and the law imposes a penalty upon retail dealers giving short weight.

VII. DAMAGES:

Parties injured, and in case of death, the widow and lineal heirs of said parties, have a right of action for injuries caused by the violation of mining laws against the party violating them.

Any court of equity may, on petition, issue a mandamus to the owner, lessee or operator of any mine to recover, if possible, the bodies of entombed workmen.

VIII. LEASE:

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These are taken by filing in the office of the Superior or Circuit Court (according to the amount of the claim, as is set out below under the title VIII. Courts), a fiat for a writ of summons, which on payment of the proper fee, then issues ordering the debtor to appear on a fixed day. This day must not be less than five days from the service of the summons. his plea within two days and the case may be then inAfter appearance defendant must file scribed for immediate trial. result of an agitation for a quick and summary mode These short delays are the of collecting debts; and all commercial claims incurred subsequent to September 1st, 1888, are subject to this summary procedure. The creditor is always allowed by the court the full amount of the costs he incurs in bringing the action, and obtaining judgment and execution, no matter how small the debt may be.

II.

ADMINISTRATION:

If

The law of this Province does not provide for the appointment of any one to wind up the estate of persons who decease without a will unless there be property belonging to such estate situate outside the Province. there be no outside property, the heirs liquidate and divide the succession themselves. If there are minors or absentees, tutors or curators must be named by the court to represent them in dividing the estate, and to hold and manage their share of it until they attain their majority at the age of twenty-one years, or in the case of absentees until they return to the Province.

III. AFFIDAVITS:

Taken in the Province of Quebec for use in its courts, must be sworn to before an officer of the court or a commissioner to receive affidavits. The same effect is given

to foreign affidavits taken before a notary under his official seal, cr before the mayor or chief magistrate of

any city or incorporated town in the United States or in Great Britain, the colonies, or any foreign country; or before any consul or consular agent of her majesty in a foreign country.

IV.

ALIENS:

May acquire, hold and transmit property in the same manner as British subjects. Canada, they may sue or be sued in its courts on obligaAlthough not resident in tions contracted abroad. They are bound if thereto required by the opposite party to give security for costs in any suit or proceeding which they institute in its courts, and to file a power of attorney authorizing the action.

V. ASSIGNMENT:

There is no insolvent act in Canada, but in the Province of Quebec every trader who has ceased his payments may be required by an unsecured creditor for a sum of two hundred dollars or upwards, or by any creditor holding a judgment for eighty dollars or upwards, to make an abandonment of his property for the benefit of his creditors in the office of the prothonotary of the court where the demand is made or the capias issued. Notice of this abandonment is given to the creditors. appoints a curator and the property is sold for the benefit The court of the creditors, amongst whom its proceeds are divided ratably after payment of privileged claims. This abandonment discharges the debtor only to the extent of the amount which his creditors receive on account of their claims. The winding up of insolvent banks, insurance companies and trading corporations is regulated by Dominion statutes. ("XX. Preferences.")

VI. ATTACHMENTS:

A creditor may before judgment, upon affidavit, seize the property of his debtor, whether in the hands of such debtor himself or of third parties; or arrest his person, on the ground of secretion of property, absconding with intent to defraud, or in the case of insolvency, of his refusal to assign his estate. debtor cannot be issued for a sum less than forty dollars, A capias for the arrest of a but his property may be seized for a debt of five dollars. To justify a capias, the debt must be a personal one, and contracted within the Province. tuagenarians are not liable to be capiased. ("XX. PreïWomen, priests, and seperences.")

VII. COMMISSIONS:

When necessary for the examination of witnesses outside the Province, or within the Province at a distance from the place where the court is held, or in case of the iliness of a witness, or of his probable absence from the country at the time of trial, commissions to take evidence are granted by the court.

VIII. COURTS:

The Circuit Court has original jurisdiction where the amount demanded is less than one hundred dollars; the Superior Court in all amounts above that sum. ments rendered by the Superior Court are susceptible of All judgreview and appeal. In the principal cities of the Province the terms of the Superior and Circuit Courts are monthly; in the outlying parts the Circuit Court sits three times a year. A defendant may be summoned either before the court of his domicile, or of the place where the demand is served on him personally, or where the right of action originated. Real actions are brought before the court the place where the object in dispute is situated. VIIIa. FEES:

of

Acknowledgment before notary public, justice clerk of court.....

or

-50

Attachment: on issue of writ for claim under $100; fee. Over $100; fee...

1.80

5.19

Appeal: on filing appeal..

12.00

Commencement of suit: in Circuit Court: claims un

der $100

1.80

In Superior Court: claims over $100.

5.10

Incorporation: advertising notices of.

14.00

5.00

Annual rent, per acre..

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License for miner...

Mandamus: on issue of writ.. Probate: $12 to....

Protest

Each notice

Record of registration: per 100 words.

1.50

-10

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Mortgages, or, more properly speaking, hypothecs, and deeds affecting the title of lands held under the French system must be passed before a notary public. Where the lands are held in free and common socage, such deeds may be passed, either before a notary or before two witnesses, one of whom makes affidavit to the signatures, to prove their authenticity. To take effect from the time they were made, they must be registered within thirty days, otherwise, they take effect, as regards third parties, from the date of their registration only.

Mortgages can only be granted on real estate; they can not be given on movables or chattels; these effects may, however, be pledged by being placed in the hands of a creditor to secure his debt.

X. EVIDENCE:

The testimony of one witness is sufficient in all cases where proof by testimony is admitted, and written evidence is not exacted. A party can be a witness in his own behalf in commercial cases. Husband and wife can neither testify for nor against each other except where they are separated as to property, and one, as agent, has administered property belonging to the other; in which case the agent may be examined in relation to facts connected with such administration, but only as a witness for the adverse party.

XI. EXECUTION:

May be issued after eight days. It may, however, be taken before the expiration of this delay for causes which would justify a seizure before judgment. Except for taxes, executions cannot issue against immovables unless the judgment amounts to forty dollars.

XII. EXEMPTIONS:

These are small in amount. They include the debtor's furniture absolutely necessary for the use of himself and his family, with feed and fuel for thirty days, and ordinary and necessary wearing apparel; a sewing machine, and in the case of farmers, two draft horses or oxen, one cow, two pigs, and four sheep, with feed for thirty days. Books of account, titles of debt, alimentary allowances, wages and salaries not yet due cannot be seized and one quarter only of the wages of laborers can be seized.

XIII. FOREIGN JUDGMENTS:

In suits brought on judgments rendered out of Canada, the defence set up, or that might have been set up to the original suit, may be pleaded to the suit brought on such judgment; but, if the first judgment was rendered in any of the other provinces of the Dominion in a suit in which the defendant had been served there personally, or had appeared, no defense that might have been set up to the original suit can be pleaded to the suit on such judgment. In suits against corporations service upon the proper officers, according to their charter or to law, is held to be personal service. If the service has not been personal, or if in the absence of personal service the defendant has not appeared, any defense which might have been set up to the original suit may be made and pleaded to the suit upon such judgment.

XIV. INTEREST:

Any interest may be charged which the parties may agree on. If there is no agreement, the law fixes the rate at six per cent. Banks are not subject to any penalties for usury, but cannot exact more than seven per cent. Interest does not run on mercantile accounts except from date of suit.

XV. JUDGMENTS:

They remain valid for execution for thirty years from their date, even though the debt on which they were rendered would have been proscribed in five years.

Judgments give lien on the real property against which they are registered only.

XVI. LIENS AND PRIVILEGES:

In case of insolvency, the unpaid vendor has two privileges: A right to revendicate and a right to preference on the proceeds of the sale; but these rights must be exercised within thirty days from the date of delivery Sale is complete by the consent alone of the parties, although no delivery be made. The seller is not obliged to deliver if the buyer does not pay the price, unless a term had been granted for the payment, nor, in the latter case, If the purchaser, since the sale, has become insolvent. promise of sale accompanied by actual delivery, is equivalent to a sale. The right of stoppage in transitu may be exercised when the goods are in possession of third parties as agents for their delivery.

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There also exist laborers' and mechanics' liens, besides others generally recognized.

XVII. LIMITATIONS:

Judgments, registered titles to and claims against real property can only be proscribed after thirty years; but possession as proprietor, and in good faith, of an immovable for ten years, covers defects of title. Actions on bills of exchange, promissory notes, store accounts, or professional services and generally all commercial claims, are proscribed by the lapse of five years, without a payment on account or an acknowledgment of the debt. XVIII. NOTES AND BILLS:

These must be sued on within five years from their due date, but if judgment be obtained on them it holds good for thirty years. The general rules applicable to commercial paper apply here, viz.: It is transferable by indorsement and delivery, or, when payable to bearer, by delivery other with or without indorsement. When a particular place of payment is mentioned, presentment must be made there. If payable at a bank presentment may be made either within or after banking hours. When payable generally, i. e., when no place of payment is mentioned in the instrument, presentment must be made to the party primarily liable, either personally, or at his domicile or usual place of business. If dead, or absent from the Province, presentment may be made at his last known residence or place of business. In case of insolvency, all current paper becomes immediately due and exigible. The place of payment of a draft may be fixed by the acceptor in his acceptance. The commercial law of Quebec is founded on the old English law. Three days of grace are allowed on bills and notes payable with a term or at sight, but no grace is allowed where they are payable on demand or on a fixed day. If the day on which they would otherwise become due is a legal holiday the delay is of right extended to the next day. Payment must include interest from the last day of grace and all expenses of noting and protesting and notices legally incurred. In the case of bills payable elsewhere than in Canada and Newfoundland, damages are also allowed equal to two and one-half per cent of the amount for which the bill is drawn, together with the costs of exchange and re-exchange. Indorsers and other parties secondarily liable are only held by protest and notice. XIX. PARTNERSHIPS:

The law of the Province of Quebec as to commercial partnerships is founded on the English law. The partners are jointly and severally liable for all obligations. They may make such stipulations among themselves as they wish concerning their respective powers in the management of the business, but with respect to third persons dealing with them in good faith, each partner has an implied power to bind the partnership for all obligations contracted in its name and in its usual course of business. Sharing in the profits alone does not constitute one a partner, unless the intent to create a partnership is proved. Partnerships must be registered in the offices of the registrar and the prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district under a penalty. The same rule applies to joint stock companies and to persons carrying on business alone under a name other than their own. The registration must be made within sixty days under a penalty of four hundred dollars. In case of insolvency the property of the partnership is applied to the payment of the creditors of the firm in preference to the separate creditors of any partner, and if such property is found insufficient for the purpose, the private property of the partners, or of any one of them, is also to be applied to the payment of the debts of the partnership, but only after the payment out of it of the separate creditors of the partner. XX.

PREFERENCES:

No preferences are allowed to be given by an insolvent. The giving of a preference renders him liable to imprisonment on a charge of secreting his estate. XXI. WILLS:

Any person may dispose of his property freely by will without distinction as to its origin and nature. Wills are made: 1. Before a notary. 2. In holograph form. i. e., wholly written and signed by the testator. 3. In English form, before two witnesses. Testamentary Notarial wills do not require probate. executors take possession of the property of the testator, and distribute the estate according to the direction of the will.

CORPORATIONS.

I. BOOKS AND RECORDS:

The company must keep books and correctly record: 1. A copy of the letters patent, and all the by-laws. 2. Names of all persons who are or have been stockholders. 3. The address and calling of every such person. 4. The number of shares held by each person. 5. Amounts paid in and remaining unpaid on stock. 6. Transfers of stock. 7. The names, addresses and calling of the directors.

The books must, during reasonable business hours, be kept open for the inspection of shareholders and creditors and their representatives. A company neglecting to keep such books open for inspection forfeits its corporate rights; and a director, officer or servant who knowingly allows a false entry to be made in such books is liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars for every such untrue entry, and for all damages which any party interested may have sustained thereby.

II. DECLARATIONS:

The company must file in the office of the Superior Court, or with the registrar thereof, a declaration stating the name of company, where, and how, and the date it was incorporated, and where its principal place of business within the Province is situated. This must be filed within sixty days after commencing operations and business. A failure to make and file such declaration renders the company liable to a fine of four hundred dollars, and the president, principal manager, or chief agent, as the case may be, to a fine of two hundred dollars. III.

DIRECTORS:

The directors are elected by the shareholders, in general meeting of the company assembled, for a term not to exceed two years, as the by-laws may prescribe. They must not be more than nine nor less than three in number. They have full power to conduct the affairs af the company, and may make contracts which the company may lawfully enter into.

9.

They may also make by-laws, not contrary to law, to regulate: 1. The allotment of stock. 2. The making and payment of calls thereon. 3. The issue and registration of certificates of stock. 4. The forfeiture of stock for nonpayment. 5. The disposal of forfeited stocks. 6. The transfer of stock. 7. The declaration or payment of dividends. 8. The number of directors and their terms of office. The amount of their stock qualification. 10. The appointment, functions, duties and removal of all agents, officers and servants of the company. 11. The security to be given by them to the company. 12. Their remuneration and the directors' remuneration, if they are entitled to any. The place where the annual meetings of the company shall be held and the business conducted. 14. The calling of meetings of the board and the quorum thereat. 15. The requirement as to proxies; and, in general, the procedure and conduct in all other particulars of the affairs of the

company.

13.

Such by-laws are in force for one year, and, unless confirmed at the next annual meeting, cease to have force. The company cannot lend to any shareholder.

The directors are jointly and severally liable to laborers and servants of the company for all debts not exceeding one year's wages due for services performed while they are such directors, respectively; but no director shall be liable unless the company has been sued therefor within one year after the debt became due.

IV. DIVIDENDS:

No company can legally declare a dividend that is not earned, or which infringes or lessens the capital of the company. Should any dividend be so declared, the directors consenting to the payment thereof shall be jointly and severally liable to the creditors of the company for the amount so paid.

V. GRANT OF CHARTER:

The Lieutenant-Governor may, by letters patent, grant a charter to any number of persons (not less than five) who petition therefor. Such charter constitutes the shareholders in the company thereby created a body politic and corporate for any of the purposes within the jurisdiction of the legislature, except for the construction and working of railways, and the business of insurance. Such petitioners shall previously give notice of their intention to make such application by making publication during four consecutive weeks in the Quebec Official Gazette, giving: 1. The corporate name. 2. The object. 3. The place of business. 4. The proposed amount of its capital stock. 5. The number of shares and the amount of each share. 6. The name in full, address and calling of each of the applicants; with special mention of the names of not less than three nor more than nine of their number, who are to be the first directors of the company. The major part of the directors must be resident in Canada and be British subjects. Within a month thereafter, the applicants may petition the Lieutenant-Governor for the issue of letters patent; which petition must recite the facts set forth in the notice, the amount of stock taken by each applicant, the amount paid in on the shares of stock, and the manner in which the same has been paid. The aggregate of the stock so taken must be at least one-half of the total amount of the stock of the company. The aggregate so paid in must be at least ten per cent thereof, or five per cent of the total capital, unless the total exceeds five hundred thousand, in which case the aggregate paid in upon such excess must be at least two per cent thereof. Such aggregate must be paid into a chartered bank, unless the object of company requires that it own real estate, in which case one-half may be in real estate. The

letters patent recite all the material averments of the petition. The Lieutenant-Governor may change the name of the company.

The charter is forfeited by non-user during three consecutive years at any one time, or if the company does not go into actual operation within three years after it is granted.

VI. POWERS:

The company may hold real estate requisite for the carrying on of its undertaking; and by simple resolution it may issue bonds or debentures for the settlement of accounts; and it may, by a resolution of two-thirds of the actual shareholders, issue bonds or debentures to the amount of two-thirds of the total value of the immovable property. Such bonds or debentures must be registered, and they then constitute a privilege in favor of the holders against the company, and give rights of preference over all other debts and claims against the company posterior to their issue.

The directory may increase or decrease the capital stock of the company after the old stock has been allotted and paid in, by a by-law to that effect.

Every company incorporated and existing in Great Britain, in the United States or in Canada may acquire and hold real estate in the Province of Quebec for its occupation or the prosecution of its business.

VII. STOCK:

Shareholders who represent one-fourth of the capital stock may call a special meeting by giving written notice thereof.

No stock shall be issued to represent the increased value of any property. The practice commonly known as "watering stock" is prohibited. The capitalization of surplus earnings, and the issue of stock to represent such capitalization of surplus, are also prohibited. Every form of fictitious capitalization of stock that is not represented by legitimate and necessary expenditure in the interest of the company is prohibited. The stock of the company is deemed personal estate and is transferable only as prescribed in the letters patent or the by-laws.

The directors may call in from the shareholders all sums of money by them subscribed, in such payments as the by-laws may allow. Not less than ten per cent upon the allotted stock shall be called in and made payable within one year from the incorporation, and for every year thereafter at least a further five per cent shall be made payable until one-half has been so called in. If the shareholders refuse to pay any call within the time prescribed their stock may be forfeited to the company.

No shareholder shall be held responsible to creditors beyond the amount of his respective shares in the capital stock. The company is not bound to see to the execution of trusts in respect to its shares.

VIII. TAXES:

Every incorporated company carrying on any trade or business in the Province of Quebec must pay an annual tax (a) of one-tenth of one per cent upon the amount of the paid up capital of one million dollars inclusive, and twenty-five dollars for each one hundred thousand dollars or fraction thereof over one million dollars; and (b) an additional tax of fifty dollars for each place of business, factory or workshop, in the cities of Montreal or Quebec, and of twenty dollars for each place of, business, factory or workshop, at every other place.

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The company may be wound up voluntarily whenever the directors deem it expedient, by convening a general meeting of the shareholders. If at such meeting a majority. representing not less than two-thirds of the stock, resolve to wind up voluntarily and dissolve, then the company forthwith subsists and carries on business for the purpose of winding up its affairs. Liquidators are appointed to wind up and distribute the assets; and the board of directors ceases to exist. Notice of such resolution is sent to the Provincial Secretary, and is published by him in the Quebec Official Gazette; and the liquidators also forthwith register a notice of the dissolution in the office of the Superior Court and in the registry office of the county.

I. ALIENS' RIGHTS:

MINING.

Citizens of the United States may enjoy the benefit of the mining laws of Quebec to the same extent as British subjects.

II. DIVISIONS:

The Province is divided into two mining divisions: 1. The "Mining Division of the Laurentides" comprising all the counties situated on the north bank of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence and of the Ottawa River; also all the islands of the Province of Quebec lying in the Ottawa River and in the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence and the counties of Vaudreuil and Soulanges. 2. The "Mining

Division of the Alleghanies" comprising all the counties situated on the south bank of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence.

"Every person, who prospects or mines for minerals upon lands adjoining a mining division, is subject to the provisions of the mining law, as if he worked within the limits of such mining division."

III. DISCOVERY:

"The discoverer of a new mine on public lands is entitled to a free mining license, provided such discovery has been immediately reported in writing to the inspector of the mining division. But anyone, who does not immediately report such discovery, is deprived for one year of the right to mine on public lands.

"No person is considered to be the discoverer of a new mine unless the place of the alleged discovery is in a region unknown as a mining region, or at least at a distance of thirty miles from the nearest mine."

IV. EXPLORATION AND PROSPECTING:

Any person may prospect without a license on the public lands of the Province, or he may obtain an exploration and prospecting license giving him the right to make his This search to establish the mining value of the land. license which is valid for three months and may be renewed for a longer term costs, if the mine is on private lands, two dollars for every hundred acres; and if on crown lands five dollars for every hundred acres; unsurveyed territory, for each square mile.

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The prospector must furnish security to the Commissioner of Crown Lands to answer for all damages he may cause to the proprietor of the soil in making his researches. By the term private lands is meant lands conceded by the Crown not as mining concessions. The prospector must report to the commissioner the result of his operations. The prospector may then purchase the mine by paying the prices mentioned under title of "V. Concessions," provided the proprietor of the soil does not wish himself to purchase the mine.

V. CONCESSIONS:

These are divided into three classes: (a) In unsurveyed territory, the first class contains four hundred acres, the second two hundred acres, and the third one hundred acres. (b) In surveyed townships, the above three classes respectively comprise one, two and four iots as regularly divided, or more or less if such lots contain more or less than one hundred acres each in superficies.

Lands supposed to contain mines or ores belonging to the Crown may be acquired from the Commissioner of Crown Lands: 1. As a mining concession by purchase. 2. Be occupied and worked under a mining license.

The same person cannot buy from the Crown a concession for more than four hundred acres unless the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, on proof of his capital and resources, allows him a larger extent, not in any case exceeding one thousand acres.

The prices payable for said concessions are: For mining superior metals on lands situated more than twelve miles from a railway, five dollars per acre; less than twelve miles from a railway, ten dollars per acre. For mining inferior metals outside the twelve-mile limit, two dollars; and within, it, four dollars per acre.

The Commissioner of Crown Lands from time to time auctions concessions at an upset price not less than those given in the preceding section. No lands can be sold by the Crown unless there are real indications of the presence of minerals, established by specimens and affidavits proving them.

The rights of purchasers of concessions to mine for superior metals include the right to mine for all metals therein contained. In concessions for inferior metals the right is limited to these.

The purchaser must commence bona fide work within two years and spend not less that five hundred dollars if for superior metals; and not less than two hundred dollars if for inferior metals; otherwise the sale may be canceled by the commissioner.

"No title to a mining concession or license shall without the formal consent of the proprietor of the soil, give a right to mine, or to open pits or galleries, or to erect machines or stores, in fields, yards, or gardens, or upon lands close to dwelling houses, or boundary fences, within a distance of three hundred feet from such fences or dwellings, nor even to enter such yards or habitations."

VI. LICENSES:

These are of two kinds: 1. Private lands license, where the mining rights belong to the Crown, 2. Public lands license. Both of which, upon payment of five dollars prescribed fees and an annual rental of one dollar per acre, give the holder the right to mine for certain minerals and upon certain lands therein specified for a period of twelve months from the date thereof; said license being renewable. All licenses issued are registered and open to public inspection for a fee of twenty cents.

"The applicant for a license to mine upon public lands, plants a wooden picket at each corner of the lot and gives notice to the mining inspector, containing a complete

description of the land, and mentioning where such applicant elects his domicile."

The licensee may search on private lands without the consent of the owner of the soil.

In the case of entry upon land privately owned by a licensee for mining purposes, notice is given the owner of such by the licensee of his intention to so enter and mine; and if upon receipt of such, the owner does not either enter into an arrangement with said licensee to enable him so to do; or take out a license to himself mine his land (which he has a right to do), the said licensee serves upon him a second notice containing a plan of the land required for his operations, a description of such, a declaration of his willingness to make to him certain compensation therefor, and the name of a person to act as arbitrator for such licensee if his offer of compensation be not accepted. If within ten days, or if owner is absent from the Province, eight days after third publication of said notice in local newspapers, the owner does not answer, or give the name of his arbitrator, the Inspector of Mines appoints such last for him. The two arbitrators appoint a third one; and said arbitrators, upon deposit of not less than fifty dollars to cover the costs of their proceeding, shall forthwith hear evidence, consider all accessory facts and circumstances, and thereupon assess and make award of such compensation for the land so taken, which shall in no case exceed in superficies fifteen acres, besides that allowed for requisite right of way, payable to the owner of said land. "When the award is given, the amount of damages and costs must be paid into the hands of the inspector who distributes them. The licensee may also obtain from neighboring proprietors the right of way over their lands with horses and vehicles, and the right to make the works necessary thereon for conveying the water required by him for the better working of his mining lands; provided, however, that he does not apply for anything which might have the effect of turning the course of any stream, so as to deprive the inferior riparian proprietors of the use of such stream, and this provision is applicable to every person who works a mine of any kind in this Province."

VII. MILL LICENSES:

"Every person who desires to make use of a mill for crushing quartz, or the obtaining of gold and silver therefrom, is required, under a penalty of one hundred dollars or two months' imprisonment, to obtain beforehand a special license costing five dollars."

"Every licensed mill or machine owner, is required, under the same penalty, to keep an account book, in which he is bound to enter a clear statement of all quartz crushed, reduced, or amalgamated by such mill or machine, and also the following particulars: 1. The name of the owner of each parcel of quartz crushed. 2. The weight of each such parcel. 3. The date of the crushing. 4. The actual yield in weight of mineral obtained from each such parcel. 5. The description of the mining lands worked.

"He is also bound to furnish, monthly, a return under oath, compiled from the said book, containing the aforesaid statements and details for each and every day of the month then last passed, together with such other information as the inspector or the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council may require."

VIII. MINE INSPECTORS:

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The Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council, mendation of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, appoints all inspectors, policemen and other officers (except constables) deemed necessary, fixes their rank and salaries, and prescribes their duties.

The inspectors must be mining engineers, possessing sufficient knowledge of mineralogy and metallurgy, and having exercised their profession during at least five years. The inspectors may be appointed for one or more mining divisions, as the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council thinks proper.

No inspector of a mining division, under a penalty of four hundred dollars, or one year's imprisonment, can take any share in his own name, or in the name of another for him, in the working of the mines at large in the mining division for which he has been appointed.

The inspector is, ex-officio, a justice of the peace for the district and it is not necessary that he have any property qualification. He decides all contestations respecting the dimensions or boundaries of mining lands under mining license, the use of water courses and the access thereto. He takes cognizance of and finally determines all suits of a purely personal nature, and those affecting movables between persons or companies engaged in mining, or their agents, or other persons or companies, and vice versa; providing the amount in dispute does not exceed twentyfive dollars. He may summon defendants to appear before him, or summon any person who is pointed out to him. as an important witness in a case, and determine the complaint, in the presence or absence of the defendant, upon the evidence given under oath by one or more witnesses, sworn before him, and levy such sum as he may adjudge to be due by a warrant of distress and sale of the defendant's goods and chattels, and convict, within his division, upon view, any person for any contravention,

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