Ecology and Management of the Commercially Harvested American Matsutake Mushroom

Abies active mycorrhizal zone Agaricales Amaranthus American matsutake areas association caligatum Cascade Range centimeters deep Chapela Chemult commercial harvest common coniferous develop Dougl Douglas-fir duff dunes ecology ecosystem ecosystem management ectomycorrhizae edible Elevation ranges Ericaceae forest ecosystems forest management Forest Service fungal fungi fungus Geus Gomphidius grand fir habitat habitat type Hamada Hosford and Ohara important inoculated Ito et Imai Japan Japanese matsutake Japanese red pine Klamath National Forest Kyoto Land Management lodgepole manzanita matsutake fruiting matsutake habitat matsutake production matsutake research matsutake shiros matsutake species meters México monitoring mountain mushroom production mycorrhizae nauseosum North America Northwest Research Station odor Ogawa Oregon Pacific Northwest Research Pilz Pinaceae pine mushroom Pinus plant Plate ponderosa Ranger District Redhead resource roots season seedlings shore pine Slope soil spores studies sustainable tanoak temperature teocote Tricholoma magnivelare Tricholoma matsutake typically U.S. Department U.S. Laws understory Villarreal western hemlock wild mushroom harvests