dence equally with the originals (sec. 28, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 606; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 356; sec. 32 (d), act of June 29, 1906, as amended, as amended by sec. 4, act of May 25, 1932, 47 Stat. 166; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 399b (d)). (h) The officers in charge of property owned or leased by the Government are authorized, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Labor, to provide quarters, without payment of rent, in any building occupied by the Service, for a photographic studio, operated by welfare organizations without profit and solely for the benefit of aliens seeking naturalization. Such studio shall be under the supervision of the Commissioner. There was established through authorization given in the act of 1929, in New York City in the building occupied by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, a photographic studio operated by welfare organizations without profit, in order to prevent the exploitation of aliens by photographic studios which frequently charge exorbitant fees for the photographs to be attached to naturalization papers as a means of identity (sec. 9, act of May 25, 1932, 47 Stat. 166; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 356a). It has been possible for this studio to furnish the necessary photographs at a nominal price. This plan has worked so successfully and beneficially in New York City that it is believed that the authority should be extended to other centers where the same desirable results may reasonably be anticipated. Sec. 327. REGISTRY OF ALIENS (a) The Commissioner shall cause to be made, for use in complying with the requirements of this chapter, a registry of each person arriving in the United States after the effective date of this chapter, of the name, age, occupation, personal description (including height, complexion, color of hair and eyes), the date and place of birth, nationality, the last residence, the intended place of residence in the United States, the date and place of arrival of said person, and the name of vessel or other means of transportation, upon which said person arrived. Proposed section 327 (a) continues the present requirement by which the Immigration and Naturalization Service makes a record at the port of arrival of each alien arriving in the United States in sufficient detail so that the record may later be used as the basis of naturalization proceedings (sec. 1, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 596; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106). (b) Registry of aliens at ports of entry required by subsection (a) of this section may be made as to any alien not ineligible to citizenship in whose case there is no record of admission for permanent residence, if such alien shall make a satisfactory showing to the Commissioner, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary, that such alien (1) Entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924; (2) Has resided in the United States continuously since such entry; (4) Is not subject to deportation. Proposed subsection (b) retains the present statutory provision by which aliens who have resided in the United States for many years but in whose cases no record of admission for permanent residence can be found, are registered by the Immigration and Naturalization Service upon the satisfactory showing that the alien entered the United States prior to June 3, 1921, has resided in the United States continuously since, is a person not ineligible to citizenship, is of good moral character, and is not subject to deportation (sec. 1, act of March 2, 1929, 45 Stat. 1512-1513; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106a, amending sec. 1, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 596; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106). The only change in the present draft is that of the date from which continuous residence must be shown. This date has been advanced from June 3, 1921, to July 1, 1924, the date the present Immigration Act of 1924 became effective. This would include a number of aliens of good moral character, who have resided in the United States for more than 10 years, and are not subject to deportation, but who cannot proceed toward naturalization because of the lack of a sufficient record of arrival. It is not in the best interests of the United States that there should be any considerable number of aliens here who have resided in this country for many years and who are otherwise eligible for naturalization and anxious to become citizens, but who are prevented from doing so because of the absence of a record of arrival upon which to base a petition for naturalization. (c) For the purposes of the immigration laws and naturalization laws an alien, in respect of whom a record of registry has been made as authorized by this section, shall be deemed to have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence as of the date of such alien's entry. The proposed provision in subsection (c) would recognize for naturalization purposes a record of registry as sufficient to support the issuance of a certificate of arrival in naturalization cases. This is in accord with the present statute (sec. 3, act of March 2, 1929, 45 Stat. 1513; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106c). Sec. 328. CERTIFICATE OF ARRIVAL (a) The certificate of arrival required by this chapter may be issued upon application to the Commissioner in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary, upon the making of a record of registry as authorized by section 327 of this chapter. Proposed section 328 (a) is a continuation of the present authorization to the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization to issue certificates of arrival of aliens from the immigration records for use as a basis for petition for naturalization (sec. 1, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 596; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106; sec. 2, act of March 2, 1929, 45 Stat. 1513; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 106b). (b) No declaration of intention shall be made by any person who arrived in the United States after June 29, 1906, until such person's lawful entry for permanent residence shall have been established, and a certificate showing the date, place, and manner of arrival in the United States shall have been issued. It shall be the duty of the Commissioner or a Deputy Commissioner to cause to be issued such certificate. The present naturalization law requires that an alien's lawful entry for permanent residence must be established and a certificate of his arrival issued before he may make a declaration of intention, provided his entry was after June 29, 1906. The present law includes a vague and ambiguous phrase to the effect that if the declaration is made it will not be regarded as valid until the lawful entry for permanent residence has been established and the certificate of arrival issued (sec. 4, act of March 2, 1929, 45 Stat. 1513; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 377b, as amended by sec. 6, act of May 25, 1932, 47 Stat. 166; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 377b). The inclusion of this phrase "if made, be valid," leads to a number of possible interpretations of the law. It may mean either that a declaration made before the provision became effective may be validated after that date by the issuance of the certificate of arrival showing lawful entry for permanent residence; or it may mean that the declaration of intention made after the act became effective might thereafter be validated by the necessary showing of lawful entry for permanent residence and the issuance of a certificate of arrival. In either event it complicates the situation by leaving in doubt the effect such validation may have upon the declaration of intention. The Naturalization Act of 1906 requires a declaration of intention to be at least 2 years old at the time a petition for naturalization is filed. When a declaration of intention is validated does it mean that its life begins anew upon the date of validation and that it may not be used until 2 years have elapsed thereafter? Or does the validation merely make the declaration legally effective subject to the limitation of time as to filing based upon the original date of the declaration? The foregoing are situations which, it is believed, should be avoided and the phrase, "or, if made, be valid," has been omitted from subsection (b) of section 328. Sec. 329. PHOTOGRAPHS (a) Two photographs of the applicant shall be signed by and furnished by each applicant for a declaration of intention and by each petitioner for naturalization or citizenship. One of such photographs shall be affixed by the clerk of the court to the triplicate declaration of intention issued to the declarant and one to the duplicate declaration of intention required to be forwarded to the Service; and one of such photographs shall be affixed to the original certificate of naturalization issued to the naturalized citizen and one to the duplicate certificate of naturalization required to be forwarded to the Service. (b) Two photographs of the applicant shall be furnished by each applicant for (1) A record of registry; (2) A certificate of derivative citizenship; (3) A certificate of naturalization; (4) A special certificate; (5) A declaration of intention or a certificate of naturalization or of citizenship, in lieu of one lost, mutilated, or destroyed; and (6) A new certificate of citizenship in the new name of any naturalized citizen who, subsequent to naturalization, has had such citizen's name changed by order of a court of competent jurisdiction or by marriage. One such photograph shall be affixed to each such declaration or certificate issued by the Commissioner and one shall be affixed to the copy of such declaration or certificate retained by the Service. The photographs required by statute since 1929 to be affixed to certain naturalization documents for aid in identification have been found to be of great practical value (sec. 36, act of June 29, 1906, as amended, as added to by sec. 9, act of March 2, 1929, 45 Stat. 1516; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 377c). Proposed subsections (a) and (b) of section 329, therefore, include this provi sion. DECLARATION OF INTENTION Sec. 330.-An applicant for naturalization shall make, under oath before, and only in the office of, the clerk of court or such clerk's authorized deputy, regardless of the place of residence in the United States of the applicant, two years at least prior to the applicant's petition for naturalization, and after the applicant has reached the age of eighteen years, a signed declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States, which declaration shall be set forth in writing, in triplicate, and shall contain the following averments by such applicant: DECLARATION OF INTENTION (1) My full, true, and correct name is (full, true name, without abbreviation, and any other name which has been used, must appear here) (2) I now reside at (city or town) (state or country) children; and the name, sex, date, and place of birth, and present place of residence of each of such living children are as follows: heretofore made a declaration of intention number (8) I have (9) I have (10) My place of last foreign residence was (country) (city or town) (11) I emigrated to the United States from (city or town) (country) (12) My lawful entry for permanent residence in the United States was at under the name of (city or town) (month, day, and year) (State) on ·-2 6- 6---- on (name of vessel or other means of conveyance) been absent from the United States, having departed from the port or ports of --9 (13) I have ; and returned to the United States on (names of vessels or (dates of return to United States) -, upon the following vessels or other means of conveyance: (names of vessels or conveyances upon return) (14) I am not an anarchist, nor a disbeliever in or opposed to organized government, nor a member of or affiliated with any organization or body of persons teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized government. (15) It is my intention in good faith to become a citizen of the United States and to reside permanently therein. (16) I will, before being admitted to citizenship, renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly, by name, to the prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, of which I may be at the time of admission to citizenship a citizen or subject. (17) I certify that the photograph affixed to the duplicate and triplicate hereof is a likeness of me and was signed by me. (18) So help me God. Proposed section 330 sets forth the requirements as to the making of a declaration of intention at least 2 years before the applicant's petition for naturalization, after the applicant has reached the age of 18 years. This measure contains substantially the requirements of the present Naturalization Act of 1906, and requires the sort of detailed history of the applicant which the importance of the proceeding demands (subd. 1, sec. 4, act of June 29, 1906, as amended, as amended by secs. 1 and 2, act of March 4, 1929, 45 Stat. 1545-1546; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 373; sec. 27, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 603-604; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 409). The declaration of intention, as now, would be made only in the office of the clerk of court with a view to eliminating the scandalous proceedings which were common prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, when unscrupulous persons exploited aliens by having declarations of intention issued in wholesale quantities without any appearance in the office of the clerk of the naturalization court and without any evidence of the truthfulness of the allegations made by them. While the present law requires the alien to reside within the judicial district of the court in which a declaration of intention is made, this requirement serves no useful purpose and has been omitted. Inasmuch as an alien may establish a residence in a particular place the first day he arrives in the United States and be eligible at any time thereafter to make a declaration of intention in the court within the jurisdiction of which his residence is located, and no period of residence is required, the provision would seem to be of no value. On the contrary, it has worked a hardship in countless cases in which the question of the declarant's legal residence within the jurisdiction of the court in which the declaration was made has been questioned, and the decision reached that technically the declarant did not have a legal residence within such jurisdiction. The determination as to this point has frequently been reached years after the declaration was made, necessitating that the applicant proceed de novo, make a new declaration, and wait at least 2 years before having the opportunity to re-petition for naturalization. Under the present statute the life of the declaration of intention has been limited to 7 years (subd. 2, sec. 4, act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. 596; U. S. C., title 8, sec. 379). While many aliens are able to and do file their petitions for naturalization within this period, it frequently occurs, however, in particular cases, that circumstances prevent others from doing so, without negligence or fault upon their part. Many declarants are required by conditions beyond their control to remove to other jurisdictions and before they can satisfy the legal requirements as to the length of residence in the new locality find that their declarations have expired. This requires the renewal and an additional wait of 2 years. It is felt that the 7-year requirement within which a petition for naturalization must be filed may well be omitted. Sec. 331. PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION (a) An applicant for naturalization shall, not less than two years after such declaration of intention has been made, make, and file in the office of the clerk of a naturalization court, in duplicate, a sworn petition in writing, signed by the applicant in the applicant's own handwriting, if physically able to write, and duly verified by witnesses, which petition shall contain the following averments by such applicant: PETITION FOR NATURALIZATION (1) My full, true, and correct name is (full, true name, without abbreviation, and any other name which has been used, must appear here) (2) My present place of residence is (number and street) (city or town) years old. color of eyes ------- (7) I am (county, district, province, or state) ... married; the name of my wife or husband is we were married on 6- at (city or town) (country) (state or country) on (state or country) (month, day, and year) (city or town) he or she was born at (month, day, and year) (State) (city or town) ; entered the United States at on (month, day, and year) the United States, and now resides at (8) I have (city or town) for permanent residence in (city or town) (state or country) children; and the name, date, place of birth, and present place of residence of each of said children who is living are as follows: (11) My lawful entry for permanent residence in the United States was at (month, day, and year) (name of vessel or other means of conveyance) as shown by the certificate of my arrival attached to this petition. (12) I have resided continuously in the United States of America for the term of five years at least immediately preceding the date of this petition, to wit, since and continuously in this State for the term of six months at least immediately preceding the date of this petition, to wit, since |