(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section the requirements of subsection (a) of section 307 as to the petitioner's residence, moral character, attachment to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States may be established by any evidence satisfactory to the naturalization court in those cases under subsection (b) of section 307 in which the alien declarant has been absent from the United States because of his employment by or contract with the Government of the United States or an American institution of research, recognized as such by the Secretary of Labor, or employment by an American firm or corporation engaged in whole or in part in the development of foreign trade and commerce of the United States or a subsidiary thereof.

(d) The clerk of court shall, if the petitioner requests it at the time of filing the petition for naturalization, issue a subpena for the witnesses named by such petitioner to appear upon the day set for the final hearing, but in case such witnesses cannot be produced upon the final hearing other witnesses may be summoned upon notice to the Commissioner, in such manner and at such time as the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary, may by regulation prescribe. If it should appear after the petition has been filed that any of the verifying witnesses thereto are not competent, and it further appears that the petitioner has acted in good faith in producing such witnesses found to be incompetent, other witnesses may be substituted in accordance with such regulations.

MARRIED PERSONS

SEC. 310. (a) Any alien who, after September 21, 1922, and prior to May 24, 1934, has married a citizen of the United States, or any alien who married prior to May 24, 1934, a spouse who was naturalized during such period and during the existence of the marital relation may, if eligible to naturalization, be naturalized upon full and complete compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws, with the following exceptions:

(1) No declaration of intention shall be required;

(2) In lieu of the five-year period of residence within the United States, and the six months' period of residence in the State where the petitioner resided at the time of filing the petition, the petitioner shall have resided continuously in the United States for at least one year immediately preceding the filing of the petition.

(b) Any alien who, on or after May 24, 1934, has married or shall hereafter marry a citizen of the United States, or any alien whose husband or wife was naturalized on or after May 24, 1934, and during the existence of the marital relation or shall hereafter be so naturalized may, if eligible for naturalization, be naturalized upon full and complete compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws, with the following exceptions:

(1) No declaration of intention shall be required;

(2) In lieu of the five-year period of residence within the United States, and the six months' period of residence in the State where the petitioner resided at the time of filing the petition, the petitioner shall have resided continuously in the United States for at least three years immediately preceding the filing of the petition.

(c) The naturalization of any woman on or after May 24, 1934, by any naturalization court of competent jurisdiction, upon proof of marriage to a citizen or the naturalization of her husband and proof of but one year's residence in the United States is hereby validated only so far as relates to the period of residence required to be proved by such person under the naturalization laws.

(d) The naturalization of any male person on or after May 24, 1934, by any naturalization court of competent jurisdiction, upon proof of marriage to a citizen of the United States after September 21, 1922, and prior to May 24, 1934, or of the naturalization during such period of his wife, and upon proof of three years' residence in the United States, is hereby validated only so far as relates to the period of residence required to be proved by such person under the naturalization laws and the omission by such person to make a declaration of intention. SEC. 311. A person who upon the effective date of this section is married to or thereafter marries a citizen of the United States, or whose spouse is naturalized after the effective date of this section, if such person shall have resided in the United States in marital union with the United States citizen spouse for at least one year immediately preceding the filing of the petition for naturalization, may be naturalized after the effective date of this section upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws with the following exceptions:

(a) No declaration of intention shall be required;

(b) The petitioner shall have resided continuously in the United States for at least two years immediately preceding the filing of the petition in lieu of the five-year period of residence within the United States and the six months' period of residence within the State where the naturalization court is held.

SEC. 312. An alien, whose spouse is (1) a citizen of the United States, (2) in the employment of the Government of the United States, or of an American institution of research recognized as such by the Secretary of Labor, or an American firm or corporation engaged in whole or in part in the development of foreign trade and commerce of the United States, or a subsidiary thereof, and (3) regularly stationed abroad in such employment, and who is (1) in the United States at the time of naturalization, and (2) declares before the naturalization court in good faith an intention to take up residence within the United States immediately upon the termination of such employment abroad of the citizen spouse, may be naturalized upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws, with the following exceptions:

(a) No declaration of intention shall be required; and

(b) No prior residence within the United States or within the jurisdiction of the naturalization court or proof thereof shall be required.

CHILDREN

SEC. 313. A child born outside of the United States, one of whose parents at the time of the child's birth was an alien and the other of whose parents then was and never thereafter ceased to be a citizen of the United States, shall, if such alien parent is naturalized, be deemed a citizen of the United States, when(a) Such naturalization takes place while such child is under the age of eighteen years; and

(b) Such child is residing in the United States at the time of naturalization or thereafter and begins to reside permanently in the United States while under the age of eighteen years.

SEC. 314. A child born outside of the United States of alien parents, or of an alien parent and a citizen parent who has subsequently lost citizenship of the United States, becomes a citizen of the United States upon fulfillment of the following conditions:

(a) The naturalization of both parents; or

(b) The naturalization of the surviving parent if one of the parents is deceased; or

(c) The naturalization of the parent having legal custody of the child when there has been a legal separation of the parents; and if—

(d) Such naturalization takes place while such child is under the age of eighteen years; and

(e) Such child is residing in the United States at the time of the naturalization of the parent last naturalized under subsection (a) of this section, or the parent naturalized under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, or thereafter begins to reside permanently in the United States while under the age of eighteen years.

SEC. 315. A child born outside of the United States, one of whose parents is at the time of petitioning for the naturalization of the child, a citizen of the United States, either by birth or naturalization, may be naturalized if under the age of eighteen years and not otherwise disqualified from becoming a citizen and is residing permanently in the United States with the citizen parent, on the petition of such citizen parent, without a declaration of intention, upon compliance with the applicable procedural provisions of the naturalization laws.

SEC. 316. An adopted child may, if not otherwise disqualified from becoming a citizen, be naturalized before reaching the age of eighteen years upon the petition of the adoptive parent or parents if the child has resided continuously in the United States for at least two years immediately preceding the date of filing such petition, upon compliance with all the applicable procedural provisions of the naturalization laws, if the adoptive parent or parents are citizens of the United States, and the child was:

(a) Lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence; and (b) Adopted in the United States before reaching the age of sixteen years; and (c) Adopted and in the legal custody of the adoptive parent or parents for at least two years prior to the filing of the petition for the child's naturalization.

FORMER CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 317. (a) A person who was a citizen of the United States and who prior to September 22, 1922, lost United States citizenship by marriage to an alien or by the spouse's loss of United States citizenship, and any person who lost United States citizenship on or after September 22, 1922, by marriage to an alien ineligible to citizenship, may, if no other nationality was acquired by affirmative act other than such marriage, be naturalized upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws with the following exceptions:

(1) No declaration of intention and no certificate of arrival shall be required, and no period of residence within the United States or within the State where the petition is filed shall be required.

(2) The petition need not set forth that it is the intention of the petitioner to reside permanently within the United States.

(3) The petition may be filed in any court having naturalization jurisdiction, regardless of the residence of the petitioner.

(4) The petition may be heard at any time after filing if there is attached to the petition at the time of filing a certificate from a naturalization examiner stating that the petitioner has appeared before such examiner for examination.

Such person shall have, from and after the naturalization, the same citizenship status as that which existed immediately prior to its loss.

(b) (1) From and after the effective date of this Act, a woman, who was a citizen of the United States at birth, and who has or is believed to have lost her United States citizenship solely by reason of her marriage prior to September 22, 1922, to an alien, and whose marital status with such alien has or shall have terminated, if no other nationality was acquired by affirmative act other than such marriage, shall, from and after the taking of the oath of allegiance prescribed by subsection (b) of section 335 of this chapter, be deemed to be a citizen of the United States to the same extent as though her marriage to said alien had taken place on or after September 22, 1922.

(2) Such oath of allegiance may be taken abroad before a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, or in the United States before the judge or clerk of a naturalization court.

(3) Such oath of allegiance shall be entered in the records of the appropriate embassy or legation or consulate or naturalization court, and upon demand, a certified copy of the proceedings, including a copy of the oath administered, under the seal of the embassy or legation or consulate or naturalization court, shall be delivered to such woman at a cost not exceeding $1, which certified copy shall be evidence of the facts stated therein before any court of record or judicial tribunal and in any department of the United States.

SEC. 318. (a) A former citizen of the United States expatriated through the expatriation of such person's parent or parents and who has not acquired the nationality of another country by any affirmative act other than the expatriation of his parent or parents may be naturalized upon filing a petition for naturalization before reaching the age of twenty-five years and upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws with the following exceptions:

(1) No declaration of intention and no certificate of arrival and no period of residence within the United States or in a State shall be required;

(2) The petition may be filed in any court having naturalization jurisdiction, regardless of the residence of the petitioner ;

(3) If there is attached to the petition, at the time of filing, a certificate from a naturalization examiner stating that the petitioner has appeared before him for examination, the petition may be heard at any time after filing; and

(4) Proof that the petitioner was at the time his petition was filed and at the time of the final hearing thereon a person of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States, and that he intends to reside permanently in the United States shall be made by any means satisfactory to the naturalization court.

(b) No former citizen of the United States, expatriated through the expatriation of such person's parent or parents, shall be obliged to comply with the requirements of the immigration laws, if he has not acquired the nationality of another country by any affirmative act other than the expatriation of his parent or parents, and if he has come or shall come to the United States before reaching the age of twenty-five years.

(c) After his naturalization such person shall have the same citizenship status as if he had not been expatriated.

SEC. 319. (a) A person who as a minor child lost citizenship of the United States through the cancellation of the parent's naturalization on grounds other than actual fraud or presumptive fraud as specified in the second paragraph of section 15 of the Act of June 29, 1906, as amended (34 Stat. 601; 40 Stat. 544, U. S. C., title 8, sec. 405), or who shall lose citizenship of the United States under subsection (c) of section 338 of this chapter, may, if such person resided in the United States at the time of such cancellation, and if, within two years after such cancellation or within two years after the effective date of this section, such person files a petition for naturalization or such a petition is filed on such person's behalf by a parent or guardian if such person is under the age of eighteen years, be naturalized upon compliance with all requirements of the naturalization laws with the exception that no declaration of intention shall be required and the required five-year period of residence in the United States need not be continuous.

(b) Citizenship acquired under this section shall begin as of the date of the person's naturalization, except that in those cases where the person has resided continuously in the United States from the date of the cancellation of the parent's naturalization to the date of the person's naturalization under this section, the citizenship of such person shall relate back to the date of the parent's naturalization which has been canceled or to the date of such person's arrival in the United States for permanent residence if such date was subsequent to the date of naturalization of said parent.

PERSONS MISINFORMED OF CITIZENSHIP STATUS

SEC. 320. A person not an alien enemy, who resided uninterruptedly within the United States during the period of five years next preceding July 1, 1920, and was on that date otherwise qualified to become a citizen of the United States, ex• cept that such person had not made a declaration of intention required by law and who during or prior to that time, because of misinformation regarding the citizenship status of such person, erroneously exercised the rights and performed the duties of a citizen of the United States in good faith, may file the petition for naturalization prescribed by law without making the preliminary declaration of intention, and upon satisfactory proof to the court that petitioner has so acted may be admitted as a citizen of the United States upon complying with the other requirements of the naturalization laws.

NATIONALS BUT NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 321. A person not a citizen who owes permanent allegiance to the United States, and who is otherwise qualified may, if he becomes a resident of any State, be naturalized upon compliance with the requirements of this chapter, except that in petitions for naturalization filed under the provisions of this section, residence within the United States within the meaning of this chapter shall include residence within any of the outlying possessions of the United States.

PUERTO RICANS

SEC. 322. A person born in Puerto Rico of alien parents, referred to in the last paragraph of section 5, Act of March 2, 1917 (U. S. C., title 8, sec. 5), and in section 5a, of the said Act, as amended by section 2 of the Act of March 4, 1927 (U. S. C., title 8, sec. 5a), who did not exercise the privilege granted of becoming a citizen of the United States, may make the declaration provided in said paragraph at any time, and from and after the making of such declaration shall be a citizen of the United States.

PERSONS SERVING IN ARMED FORCES OR ON VESSELS

SEC. 323. A person who, while a citizen of the United States and during the World War in Europe, entered the military or naval service of any country at war with a country with which the United States was then at war, who has lost citizenship of the United States by reason of any oath or obligation taken for the purpose of entering such service, may be naturalized by taking before any naturalization court specified in subsection (a) of section 301 the oaths prescribed by section 335.

SEC. 324. (a) A person, including a native-born Filipino, who has served honorably at any time in the United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast

Guard for a period or periods aggregating three years and who, if separated from such service, was separated under honorable conditions, may be naturalized without having resided, continuously immediately preceding the date of filing such person's petition, in the United States for at least five years and in the State in which the petition for naturalization is filed for at least six months, if such petition is filed while the petitioner is still in the service or within six months after the termination of such service.

(b) A person filing a petition under subsection (a) of this section shall comply in all respects with the requirements of this chapter except that—

(1) No declaration of intention shall be required;

(2) No certificate of arrival shall be required;

(3) No residence within the jurisdiction of the court shall be required;

(4) Such petitioner may be naturalized immediately if the petitioner be then actually in any of the services prescribed in subsection (a) of this section, and if, before filing the petition for naturalization, such petitioner and at least two verifying witnesses to the petition, who shall be citizens of the United States and who shall identify petitioner as the person who rendered the service upon which the petition is based, have appeared before and been examined by a representative of the Service.

(c) In case such petitioner's service was not continuous, petitioner's residence in the United States and State, good moral character, attachment to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and favorable disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States, during any period within five years immediately preceding the date of filing said petition between the periods of petitioner's service in the United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, shall be verified in the petition filed under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, and proved at the final hearing thereon by witnesses, citizens of the United States, in the same manner as required by section 309. Such verification and proof shall also be made as to any period between the termination of petitioner's service and the filing of the petition for naturalization.

(d) The petitioner shall comply with the requirements of section 309 as to continuous residence in the United States for at least five years and in the State in which the petition is filed for at least six months, immediately preceding the date of filing the petition, if the termination of such service has been more than six months preceding the date of filing the petition for naturalization, except that such service shall be considered as residence within the United States or the State.

(e) Any such period or periods of service under honorable conditions, and good moral character, attachment to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and favorable disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States, during such service, shall be proved by duly authenticated copies of records of the executive departments having custody of the records of such service, and such authenticated copies of records shall be accepted in lieu of affidavits and testimony or depositions of witnesses.

SEC. 325. (a) A person who has served honorably or with good conduct for an aggregate period of at least three years (1) on board of any vessel of the United States Government other than in the United States Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, or (2) on board vessels of more than twenty tons' burden, whether or not documented under the laws of the United States, and whether public or private, which are not foreign vessels, and whose home port is in the United States, may be naturalized without having resided, continuously immediately preceding the date of filing such person's petition, in the United States for at least five years, and in the State in which the petition for naturalization is filed for at least six months, if such petition is filed while the petitioner is still in the Service on a reenlistment, reappointment, or reshipment, or within six months after an honorable discharge or separation therefrom.

(b) The provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e) of section 324 shall apply to petitions for naturalization filed under this section, except that service with good conduct on vessels described in subsection (a) (2) of this section may be proved by certificates from the masters of such vessels.

ALIEN ENEMIES

SEC. 326. (a) An alien who is a native, citizen, subject, or denizen of any country, state, or sovereignty with which the United States is at war may be naturalized as a citizen of the United States if such alien's declaration of intention was made not less than two years prior to the beginning of the state of war, or such alien was