The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its SignificanceOxford University Press, USA, 2007 - 346 páginas The periodic table is one of the most potent icons in science. It lies at the core of chemistry and embodies the most fundamental principles of the field. The one definitive text on the development of the periodic table by van Spronsen (1969), has been out of print for a considerable time. The present book provides a successor to van Spronsen, but goes further in giving an evaluation of the extent to which modern physics has, or has not, explained the periodic system. The book is written in a lively style to appeal to experts and interested lay-persons alike. The Periodic Table begins with an overview of the importance of the periodic table and of the elements and it examines the manner in which the term 'element' has been interpreted by chemists and philosophers. The book then turns to a systematic account of the early developments that led to the classification of the elements including the work of Lavoisier, Boyle and Dalton and Cannizzaro. The precursors to the periodic system, like Döbereiner and Gmelin, are discussed. In chapter 3 the discovery of the periodic system by six independent scientists is examined in detail. Two chapters are devoted to the discoveries of Mendeleev, the leading discoverer, including his predictions of new elements and his accommodation of already existing elements. Chapters 6 and 7 consider the impact of physics including the discoveries of radioactivity and isotopy and successive theories of the electron including Bohr's quantum theoretical approach. Chapter 8 discusses the response to the new physical theories by chemists such as Lewis and Bury who were able to draw on detailed chemical knowledge to correct some of the early electronic configurations published by Bohr and others. Chapter 9 provides a critical analysis of the extent to which modern quantum mechanics is, or is not, able to explain the periodic system from first principles. Finally, chapter 10 considers the way that the elements evolved following the Big Bang and in the interior of stars. The book closes with an examination of further chemical aspects including lesser known trends within the periodic system such as the knight's move relationship and secondary periodicity, as well at attempts to explain such trends. |
Conteúdo
An Overview | 3 |
CHAPTER 2 Quantitative Relationships among the Elements and the Origins of the Periodic Table | 29 |
CHAPTER 3 Discoverers of the Periodic System | 63 |
CHAPTER 4 Mendeleev | 101 |
The Acceptance of Mendeleevs Periodic System | 123 |
Radioactivity Atomic Number and Isotopy | 159 |
CHAPTER 7 The Electron and Chemical Periodicity | 183 |
CHAPTER 8 Electronic Explanations of the Periodic System Developed by Chemists | 205 |
CHAPTER 9 Quantum Mechanics and the Periodic Table | 227 |
CHAPTER 10 Astrophysics Nucleosynthesis and More Chemistry | 249 |
Notes | 287 |
329 | |
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abstract elements alkali metals aluminum appears argon atomic number atomic weight basic substances beryllium Bohr Bohr’s Broek calculations Cannizzaro carbon Chancourtois chapter Chemical Education Chemical Elements chemical properties chemists chlorine claim classification compounds Dalton discovered discovery Döbereiner E.R. Scerri electronic configurations energy equivalent weights example explain fact figure gallium Gmelin helium Hinrichs hydrogen iodine isotopes Journal of Chemical Julius Lothar Meyer known elements later Lavoisier Lothar Meyer lutetium Main Smith Mendeleev ments modern molecules Moseley nature neutrons Newlands Newlands’s nitrogen noble gases notion nucleus number of electrons odic Odling orbitals oxide oxygen Pauli peri periodic law periodic system periodic table philosophical physicist physics predictions principle protons Prout’s hypothesis published quantum mechanics quantum number quantum theory radioactivity rare earth regarded relationship scandium scientific shell simple substances sodium Spronsen sulfur tellurium textbook tion transition metals triads uranium valence values whole number X-ray