one, either by stool, or urine, according to Sanctorius de Sanctorio, in his Medicina Statica.

During the time you drink these waters, it is necessary to take some gentle medicine every fourth or fifth night going to bed, or in a morning early, drinking these waters thereupon, after the physick hath begun to work. Here aloetick medicine is held offensive, by reason it consists of acrimonious and lixivial parts, apt to heat and corrode the viscera: but this is easily resolved, if to the aloetick physick you mix some resinous, or balsamick substance, which may lenify, mitigate, hebetate, and obtund the fiery alkalies of aloes: and with this correction, or preparation, it is not only rendered less hurtful, but particularly an appropriated medicine to be taken with these waters: my usual pill is 2 Massæ pilul. ruffi Əi. resinæ jalap gr. iij. balsam Peru q. s. f. pilulæ iij. sumende hora somni, superbibendo mane aquas prædictas ad lb. iiij. plus minusve. Many doctors give diacassia cum manna to an ounce over night, which is a good ecco. protick, fit for all ages and constitutions, and leaves no ill diathesis in the viscera. Another rare eccoprotick and ecphractick remedy is highly commended with these waters, which is tinctura cathartica, an ounce of which, or an ounce and a half, given in the first glass, purgeth cito, tuto, jucunde, soon, safe, and pleasantly: for no violent catharticks are proper with these waters, for fear of agitating and irritating nature too much, and making an ill impression on the blood and viscera. I know some, who, in lieu of physick, will take in the first glass, to purge them, a spoonful of common salt, with very good success; but this remedy is not proper for all con stitutions.

Those who are obnoxious to stone or gravel, and frequent these waters, my advice is, that, the night preceding drinking them, they take an emollient clyster; and in the morning, an hour or two be. fore the waters, to swallow four or five pills of Venice, or Chios turpentine.

Likewise, in the first glass, to take an ounce of syrup of marshmallows; or let them take the bigness of a bean of lucatellus balsam, or turpentine pills, especially if there be any excoriation in the kidnies, or bladder, every night going to bed, with an ounce of the said syrup in the first glass every morning, and an emollient clyster every third or fourth night; because, by these means, the passages are lubricated, and the distribution of the waters rendered more easy.

Hypochondriacal persons may take, in the first glass, a spoonful or two of the syrup of steel, or a dram of cremor tartar in powder; and so likewise in all other distempers, to mix specificks with chalybeates, is the opinion of Dr. Willis de Morbis Hypochondriacis, and many other learned physicians; for, in so doing, they associate their operation against the malady.

Now, as to the animi pathemata, or passions of the mind: Those, who drink these waters, must be facetious, merry, chearful, gay, jovial, free from melancholy, jealousy, suspicion, discontent, peevish

ness, &c. * because such passions as these corrode both soul and body; impede the benefit they may reap by the waters; nay, in lieu of health, they may catch their death; so great is the sympathy betwixt body and soul in their disorders.

· ἄδυνατον κακῶς ψυχῆς ἐκᾶσης μὴ ἐ καὶ σῶμα αὐτῇ συνοστῖν: Non sine animo corpus, nec sine corpore animus, bene valere potest: the mind without the body, nor the body without the mind, cannot be well; -What a catastrophe have passions of the mind with fear and appre hensions of death (which of all things is the most terrible) made in condemned persons bodies in few days? Insomuch that those, who were, before condemnation, young, vigorous, intrepid, magnanimous, &c. were afterwards metamorphosed into old, effete, pusillanimous, decayed bodies, with grey hair, and Hippocratical faces, which is the visage of a dying man, after being wasted away with long sickness. We experimentally see that women impart their marks of fancy, even to the child they carry in their womb. It is to be observed, that physicians prepossess their patients with hopes of cure, to the end, that the effect of imagination may supply the defect of their physick. A doctor being asked the question, Why he could not cure his mother-in-law, as well as his father? He wittily replied, That his mother-in-law had not the same confidence, or rather fancy, for him, as his father had, otherwise the cure would be effected. So great you see is the influence of the fancy, or imagination, on the body of

-man.

Likewise the effects of the body are communicated to the mind: you see, for example, valiant, heroick, magnanimous souls, by change of temperament of body, either by disease, or old age, become timorous, suspicious, pusillanimous, cowards (omnia tuta timent) more like statues than men. Of these Hippocrates says, Vidi mortuoš ambulantes; I have seen dead men walk; their body is a sepulchre to their soul, and, as the Greeks say, opa, which is the body, is become onμa, a sepulchre: corpus quod corrumpitur aggravat animam; a decayed and corrupting body is a load and burden to the soul, and, by its impurities and feculency, is infected: Inficitur terra sordibus unda fluens.

The clearest currents, as they glide,

Take foulness from the river's side.'

+ Ad nullum consurgit opus, cum corpore languet,
For, when the body languishing doth lie,

The soul itself to nothing can apply.'

Wherefore, the way to have mens sana ‡ in corpore sano, or to be every way sound, is, to leave pinching cares behind, when you come to Tunbridge; expatiate your mind, and hearken sometimes to the charming musick you have here, the choicest and best that can be had; it is an antidote against the spleen.

Dulcisonum reficit tristia corda melos.

Edaces animi curæ, solicitudines, tristitiæ mærores, atque ejus generis & farinæ aliq animi pathemata abigenda, † Animus. * εὐθυμία.

'Melodious songs do oft impart

'Refreshment to the saddest heart.'

For melody, gently soothing nature, disposes and directs the spirits into a dancing, and observing regular motions. You see musick, by its influence, forces sound and sober men, even against their own wills, or thinking of other things, to actions emulating the tune heard. Willis de Convulsione à Tarantula.

. Physicians, whom Almighty God has created for the necessity and use of mankind, and commands us to honour *, are here many able, worthy, and eminent of that profession; who, by their diligent scru tiny into the recesses of nature, are come, of late years, to great perfection and knowledge of physick, here in England, far excelling those of former ages, wherein physick laboured under a dying Hippocratical face, and in Cimmerian darkness. These doctors are, in this place, ready to assist, with their learned prescriptions and whole. some advice, according to the exigency of every one, in order to their health, and methodically drinking the waters.—Many learned divines and spiritual guides are not here wanting, whom you may freely consult, and make choice of, according to your inclination, in order to the good and safety of your soul.

Here are women, whom they call Dippers, ready to fill you glasses of water.

Confestim advolitat, quæ pocula porrigat ultro
Plena perennis aquæ, quam fons sine munere donat;
Qualem nec Latium novit, nec Græcia jactat:
Illa beat siccos fœcunda stirpe parentes;
Deciduumque facit, post funera, vivere nomen :
Illa domat febres; &, si male calculus hærens
Renibus, aut peni, languentia viscera torquet,
Illa fugat; pellit curas; &, nubila menti
Discutiens, aptat doctis, sacratque camænis.

With winged speed, one to you glasses brings,
With water fill'd, free as the living springs;
"Whose fame, far above Rome's, or Greece's, rings:
This blesseth parents with a fruitful race,
That even death itself cannot deface

This waters, fevers, and the stone cashiers,
That vex'd the shaft and kidnies many years:

This chaseth sorrow; clears a cloudy mind;
Fits it for learning; which, with muses join'd,
All here a seat, and temple too, do find.

}

The air, than which, to the preservation of man's life, nothing is more necessary, as all philosophers agree (and the derivation of the very wordair, from the Greek word aw, spiro, denotes the same, being composed of two vowels, alpha and omega, as principium & finis Fite, which is the beginning and end of man's life) is here clear,

Ecclesiasticus xxviii. 1, 2.

Ιατρὸς μὲν ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀλλάξιος ἄλλων,

serene, lucid, void, of any stinking mephitis, or damps arising from bogs or fens, which may occasion epidemical distempers in the blood; but, on the contrary, the whole ambient of the horizon is filled with an inexhaustible series of odoriferous and fragrant effluviums, in. cessantly exhaling from sweet-scented herbs and plants, that grow in these parts. The air, thus embodied, we perpetually inspire, which raises, and, analogically speaking, spiritualises our minds far beyond all exotick, either natural or artificial perfumes.

Moreover, at Tunbridge, you find conference with eminent and famous wits, which is the most fruitful and natural exercise of the mind; the use of which is more sweet, than any other action of our life. The study of books is a languishing and feeble motion, in respect of it; for what is delivered viva voce, with a lively voice, makes a deeper impression on the mind, and, consequently, is more advantageous than reading. Much more may be said of the various and manifold benefits and comforts you may receive at Tunbridge*, which I now supersede, hoping these, I have mentioned, are allurements strong enough to invite, if not a magnetism to draw men thither.

It is rare to write any thing to that perfection, as to rescind the occasion of all objections from cavillers; wherefore, what I have said of the vertues of these waters would not be sufficient, if I do not obviate also such objections, as may raise scruples in the minds of those who make use of them.

The first objection is, that many, soon after drinking of these waters, died; and that others, by the use of them, receive no benefit whence they infer these waters to be improper, noxious, lethiferous, and not fit to be drank by men.

Vina bibant homines, animantia cætera fontes ;
Absit ab humano pectore potus aquæ.

Let none but cattle water drink,

That fit for men no men can think.'

As for the first objection, I confess, one may die soon after taking waters; and so he may after taking any thing else: not that the waters, duly prescribed, are the occasion of death, but, through irregularity, disorder, or neglect of something, that was to be done in order to the taking of them, death may ensue: nay, men may die immediately, or soon after taking things indifferent in themselves, and void of any medicinal, or alterative quality, as, for example, after eating bread and butter, or drinking a glass of wine; it doth not therefore follow, that this last thing, they eat, or drank, caused their bane, and that no man ought to eat, or drink, any more of this kind of food.

Secondly, Some of those, who drink waters, may have a malady of a cacoethes-nature, or of such a contumacy, and so far radicated,

Sic variis animum studiis Tunbrigia mulcet,

Ut vix absentes possis lugere penates.

that it illudes all energy of chalybeates, or any sort of physick. *It does not follow therefore, that this martial remedy is ineffectual, in itself, in order to cure other maladies of a different nature, by reason of the impregnable habit and rooting of some incurable distempers: Non defamanda præsidia, quæ aliis profuere. Celsus. Remedies, which have done others good, are not to be undervalued; +they exert their operation according to the disposition of the subject, on which they work: The sun, for example, with the same heat, melts the wax, and hardens the clay:

Limus ut hic durescit, & hæc ut cera liquescit

Uno eodemque igni.- -Virgilius.

And, by this reason, that which is one man's meat, may prove another's poison. So likewise, these waters, if used with a physican's advice, and due consideration, prove effectual and salubrious; but, taken without it, and by an indisposed or unprepared body, may be noxious, and sometimes mortiferous: Wherefore, since all things do not agree with all persons; nay, nor the same thing always, or a long time, with the same person; therefore the careful observation, and daily advice, of a prudent physician is here necessary, that, by indications taken from things that, do good, or hurt, the method of cure may be rightly ordered, and now and then changed. Willis, Capite de Colico.

These waters kill and expel all manner of worms, ingendered either in the stomach, intestines, matrix, or any other part of the body.Ryetius, in his observations of the Spaw-waters, makes mention of a woman, who laboured a long time with a chronick distemper under the doctor's hands, without receiving any benefit by all their pre scriptions and physick that she had taken, but was, at last, advised to chalybeate waters, and, by drinking of them with method and con tinuance, avoided several worms of divers shapes, figure, and longi. tude, and was perfectly cured.

They are a polychrest remedy, serving for many uses and inten. tions; they both loosen and bind; cool and make hot; dry and moisten: cure distempers of divers states and origins, nay, of con trary natures and dispositions, as I said before. Certainly, a perfect knowledge of their idiosyncrasia and properties would reduce physick to a narrower compass, and to prescribe well the stadium chalybeatum, or chalybeate course, would make the studying of so many volumes of the parts of physick unnecessary; for, by the help of these waters, we prolong man's life by a more facile and easier means, than has hitherto been known, veritas ex puteo exathlanda : truth must be drawn out of a well.

Provocat hæc leniter Tunbrigia menstrua pridem,
Suppressa, & nimium sistit ubi illa fluunt.
Nostraque suppressos ut provocat ipsa vicissim,
Immodicos fluxus sic quoque sistit aqua :

Non est in medico semper, relevetur ut æger;
Nam doctâ interdum plus valet arte malum.
↑ Actiones activorum sunt în subjecto disposito.

Ovidius