Nelson, was mortally wounded in the left breast by a musquet-ball, supposed to be fired from the mizen-top of La Redoutable, French ship of the line, which the Victory fell on board early in the battle; © his lordship was in the act of turning on the quarter.deck, with This face towards the enemy, when he received his wound; he inro stantly fell, and was carried to the cockpit, where he lived about two hours.'q."£x > an thi and od sm

I

-On his being brought below, he complained of acute pain -about the sixth or seventh, dorsal vertebra, of privation of sense 30 and motion of the body and inferior extremities; his respiration lin short and difficult, pulse, weak, small, and irregular; he frequently declared that his back was shot through; that he felt every instant ra gush of blood within his breast; and that he had sensations which * indicated the approach of death. In the course of an hour his pulse F-became distinct, and was gradually lost in the arm; his extremi >ii imities and forehead, became soon afterwards cold. He retained

his wonted energy of mind and exercise of his faculties to the last a moment of his existence, and when victory, as signal as decisive, -"was announced to him, he expressed his pious acknowledgements thereof, and heartfelt satisfaction at the glorious event in the most emphatic language heathen delivered his last orders with his Ousual precision, and, in a few minutes afterwards, expired without to a struggle.hid bir'sd engi on piuse I •wobad Hiros neitr

Thus terminated at the height of his glory, and the consumA mation of the most, brilliant naval victory ever obtained, the mortal .career of this illustrious warior. It would be difficult to select, either in ancient or modern times, a hero in whom so many great and good qualities were combined, as in him whose fall we have recorded and lament. To the most undaunted courage, and the true ardour of patriotism, a zealous love of his country, which made him ever ready to shed his blood in its defence, he joined the most exalted spirit of piety and devotion. The whole course of his life and the language of his pub

was a splendid example of the former, lic dispatches, and the last moments of his life, are striking memorials of the latter. This great man's heart was susceptible of the tenderest emotions of charity and compassion, and overflowed with the milk of human kindness. He was emphatically a friend and a father to all who had the happiness and honor to serve under

YOL. VI.

his command. The brave found in him a congenial spirit, everready to lead them to glory; and taught by sufferings himself to feel for the misfortunes of others, none was more ready than he to pour the balm of consolation into the wounds of his gallant companions in arms. In his humility of heart, in his piety to heaven and in his humanity to man, he has left an example behind him, more valuable perhaps than even the brilliant exploits which he atchieved; for his example will remain for the imitation and advantage of posterity, when the hopes, the fears, and the interests of the present day, which his victories confirmed or dispelled, shall have perished in the revolutions of time.

As no commander had ever been more honored in his life than this great man by his country, so none was ever more sincerely and universally lamented. His funeral, which was magnificent beyond all former examples of funeral pomp, was defrayed at the public expence, and attended by all the princes of the blood, and the prime of the nobility and gentry of the kingdom. His lordship's remains are interred in the centre of the cathedral of St. Paul's, under the dome, and a magnificent monument has been voted by parliament to be erected to his memory. His family have been soothed by every testimony of public gratitude and respect that a generous nation could bestow. Leaving no issue behind him, the honor of an earldom was conferred on his brother, and, in case of failure in his heirs, to descend to his two sisters and their issue. A large sum of money has likewise been appropriated by parlia ment for the purehase of an estate to be entailed on the title of NELSON.

T

'

ADAM SMITH, the celebrated author of the Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, was the only son of Adam Smith, comptroller of the customs at Kirkaldy, and of Margaret Douglas daughter of Mr. Douglas of Strathenry, He was born at Kirkaldy on the 5th June 1723, a few months after the death of his father. His constitution during his infancy was infirm and sickly, required all the care ot his surviving parent. when only three years old he was carried by his mother to Strathenry on a visit to his uncle Mr. Douglas: and, happening one day to be amusing himself alone at the door of the house, he was stolen by a party of those vagrants who in Scotland are called' tinkers. Luckily he was missed immediately, and the vagrants pursued and overtaken in Leslie wood; and thus Dr. Smith was preserved to extend the bounds of science, and reform the commercial policy of Europe.

He received the rudiments of his education in the school of Kirkaldy under David Miller, a teacher of considerable eminence, and whose name deserves to be recorded on account of the great number of eminent men which that seminary produced while under his direction. Dr. Smith, even while at school, attracted notice by his passionate attachment to books, and by the extraordinary powers of his memory; while his friendly and generous disposition gained and secured the affection of his schoolfellows. Even then he was remarkable for those habits which remained with him through life, of speaking to himself when alone and of absence in company. He was sent in 1737 to the university of Glasgow, where he remained till 1740, when he went to Baliol college Oxford, as an exhibitioner on Snell's foundation. His favorite pursuits while at the university were mathematics and natural philosophy. After his removal to England he frequently employed himself in translating particularly from the French, with a view to the improve.

ment of his own style a practice which he often recommended to all who wished to cultivate the art of composition. It was probably then also that he applied himself with the greatest care to the study of languages, of which, both ancient and modern, his knowledge was uncommonly extensive and accurate.

&

After seven years residence at Oxford he returned to Kirkaldy, and lived two years with his mother without any fixed plan for his future life. He had been designed for the church of Eng land; but disliking the ecclesiastical profession, he resolved to? abandon it altogether, and to limit his ambition to the prospect of obtaining some of those preferments to which literary attainab ments lead in Scotland. In 1748 he fixed his residence in Edîn-t burgh, and for three years read a course of lectures on rhetoric and belles letters under the patronage of lord Kames. In 1751 he was elected professor of logic in the university of Glasgow, and the year following was removed to the professorship of moral phis losophy, vacant by the death of Mr. Thomas Craigie the im mediate successor of Dr. Hutcheson. In this situation he remain. ed 13 years, a period he used frequently to look back to as the most useful part of his life. His lectures on moral philosophy were divided into four parts:

t

A..

The first contained natural theology; in which be considered the proofs of the being and attributes of God, and those truths on which religion is founded; the second comprehended ethics, strictly so called, and consisted chiefly of those doctrines which he afterwards published in his theory of moral sentiments: in the third part he treated more at length of that part of morality called justice; and which being susceptible of precise and accurate rules, is for that reason capable of a full and accurate explanation: in the last part of his lectures he examined those political regu. lations which are founded, not upon the principle of justice, but of expediency; and which are calculated to increase the riches, the power, and the prosperity of a state. Under nder this view he considered the politi institutions relating to commerce, to finakëës, to ecclesiastical and military governments; this contained the substance of his Wealth of Nations. In delivering his lectures he

trusted almost entirely to extemporary clocution: his manner was

plain and unaffected, and he never failed to interest his hearers. His reputation soon rose very high, and many students resorted to the university merely upon his account,

When his acquaintance with Mr. Hume first commenced is uncertain, but it had ripened into friendship before the year 1752.

In 1759 he published his Theory of Moral Sentiments; a work which deservedly extended his reputation for though several of its conclusions be ill-founded, it must be allowed by all to be a singular effort of invention, ingenuity, and subtilty. Besides, it contains a great mixture of important truth; and, tho' the author has sometimes been misled, he has had the merit of directing the attention of philosophers to a view of human nature, which had formerly in a great measure escaped their notice. It abounds every where with the purest and most elevated maxims concerning the practical conduct of life; and when the subject of his work leads him to address the imagination and the heart,, the variety and felicity of his illustrations, the richness and fluency of his eloquence, and the skill with which he wins the attention and commands the passions of his readers, leave him among our British moralists without a rival.

OW

Towards the end of 1763 Dr. Smith received an invitation from Mr. Charles Townsend to accompany the duke of Buccleugh on his travels; and the liberal terms in which this proposal was made induced him to resign his office at Glasgow. He joined the duke of Buccleugh at London early in the year 1764, and set out with him for the continent in the month of March following. After a stay of about ten days at Paris, they proceeded to Thoulouse, where they fixed their residence for about eighteen months: thence they went by a pretty extensive tout through the south of France to Geneva, where they passed two months, About Christmas 1765 they returned to Paris, and remained there till October following. The society in which Dr. Smith passed these ten months may be conceived in consequence of the recommendation of Mr. Hume. Turgot, Quesnai, Necker, D'Alembert, Helvetius, Marmontel, Madame Riccobina, were among the number of his acquaintances; and some of them he continued ever after