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EXTRACTS FROM THE PORTFOLIO OF A TRAVELLER.-No. IV.

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and hospitalities of the olden time. The approach to the Palace, which lies about a quarter of a mile to the south of Eltham, still possesses, in a certain degree, its original character. Lofty forest trees rise in all their beauty on either side of the road, and the grouping of the noble oaks and elms on the left, in Lord Rivers' park, confer additional interest on the scenery as we advance towards the bridge. On emerg

* The park and pleasure grounds occupied by Lord Rivers extend over about sixty acres, adjoining which is a park of seventy-four acres, occupied by a Mr. Green, which are but shall shew. On the right of the road to the bridge, are several poor representations of the ancient royal demesnes here, as we houses of some antiquity; one of which, constructed of brick and wood, was the chandry or storehouse of the palace, accord

ing from the avenue, the shattered remains of this ings, with an effect which was heightened by the once extensive palace stood before us; the elevated waning season, and our own peculiar reflections on roof of the Hall appearing over the surrounding build- I sublunary changes.

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tower at the north-east end of the moat, remained entire at the date of the view published by Samuel and Nath. Bucke, in 1735,-but it has since progressively disappeared; two dilapidated stacks of brick chimneys remained, one on each side, till 1813. This gateway, according to Harris and Philipott, was of

On reaching the ivy-mantled Bridge, which is supposed to be coeval with the hall, and still the only entrance to the palace on the north, we paused, and examined with attention a structure, over which time has, comparatively, had little influence. It is of stone, with a strong abutment and four groined arches, varying in size, and of a massive yet beauti-stone, and probably the work of Bishop Beke," who ful design, the piers being strengthened by angular buttresses. It probably replaced the drawbridge in the reign of Edward IV., a period when it was considered that comfort could be combined with security in the defences of this castellated mansion. The moat is now partly occupied with a pond, partly used for grazing, and also laid out as a pleasure ground and garden; ornamental shrubs and flowers clustering around in picturesque beauty. The Bridge was originally defended by a gateway, which, with a

ing to the plan in Hasted's Kent. Nearly opposite, and extending east of the palace over five acres, is the original garden, the massive walls, and lofty arched entrance to which are in good preservation. The latter is deserving of, and has excited much observation. In the garden wall, to the west, are traces

of triangular apertures, supposed for the exercise of archery. The ancient house in the garden merits the notice of the curious; it is occupied by Mr. Mc. Clean, to whose politeness we are indebted for several particulars.

VOL. I. DEC. 1, 1832.

repaired, rebuilt, and beautified," the palace, at great cost, at the latter end of the thirteenth century. According to the plan published by Hasted, it consisted of a large arch, a postern, and two towers, flanked by some buildings comprising the northern front of the palace, which are described as "decayed lodgings:" two modern-looking houses, which stand on either side of the bridge, harmonize but very ill with the desolation which has fallen on all around.

It has been well remarked, that the existing historical records of Eltham Palace are scanty and imperfect. Its origin is lost in obscurity; and the absence of data respecting a place which for centuries was a favourite abode of English monarchs, cannot but be considered as very remarkable. The notice which appears in the " Perambulation of Kent" is slight and meagre. Lambarde seems to have imbibed the

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general feeling of neglect which prevailed respecting wards vested in Gilbert Aton, (created Lord Vesci,)' this splendid relic of antiquity.

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as next heir, who granted it (11 Edward II.) to Geoffry de Scrope, of Masham, who shortly after parted with it to Queen Isabel, after which it remained, with a few exceptions, in the hands of the crown. The manor of Eltham was granted, in 1663, to Sir John Shaw, knight,† who had purchased a subsisting term during the time of the Commonwealth. He was created a baronet in 1665, for the great services he had rendered Charles II., during his exile at Brussels and Antwerp, and the manor is now vested in the same family. There is a yearly fee-farm rent

which, with the manor-house, is at present occupied by Lord Rivers. The manor extends over the parish of Eltham, the hamlet of Mottingham, (so called from the Saxon, modig, proud or lofty, and ham, a dwelling,) and the south side of Foots Cray, in the parish of Chiselhurst. We now proceed to trace the history of the "faire house of Eltham." Hasted says, the palace was built, most probably, on part of those

Eltham derives its name from the two Saxon words, cald and ham, signifying the old town or habitation, which shews that it is a place of great antiquity. The manor was valued at £16. (according to the Domesday Book,) during the reign of Edward the Confessor, and was held of that prince by an individual named Alwolde. In William the Conqueror's time, it was granted, with other extensive possessions in this county, to Odo, Bishop of Baieux and Earl of Kent, half-brother to the sovereign, of whom it was held by Haimo, sheriff of Kent. On the disgrace of this pre-paid for the great park to the crown of £153. 3s. 4d., late, in the reign of William Rufus, all his estates were confiscated to the use of the crown; when a portion of the manor became vested in the Mandevil family, from whence it was called Eltham-Mandevil. Edward I. granted his portion of the manor, with certain other lands of the yearly value of £248. 4s. 8d., to John de Vesci, (son of William de Vesci, a powerful northern baron, of Norman extraction,) who had the year before (1280) married Isabel de Beau-premises which were granted by King Edward I., in mont, a kinswoman of Queen Eleanor. Having obtained the residue of the manor, by exchange, from Walter de Mandevil, he then held it undivided, by knight's service. His brother, William de Vesci, who succeeded him, (17 Edward I.) "a person in great esteem with the king, and who held several offices of high trust," with the royal license enfeoffed Antony Beke, Bishop of Durham, in several estates, including the manor of Eltham, upon the special trust that he should retain them for the use of his natural son, William.* On his death, in 1296, "the bishop had livery of his lands accordingly, but violated the trust reposed in him, and retained possession of the property till his death, at Eltham, March 3rd, 1310, leaving the house with all its appurtenances to the crown. William de Vesci, the younger, fell at the battle of Bannockburn. The manor was afterBy Dergavile, a daughter of Dunwald, a petty prince of He died, and was buried within the precincts of St. Paul's Ireland.

This Antony de Bec, or Beke, when archdeacon of Durham, was elected bishop of that see, July 5, 1283, anno 12 Edward I., and consecrated January 9, following. He was a man of great power and wealth, and had the patriarchate of Jerusalem conferred upon him by the Pope, and the principality of Man by Edward I. He had so great a command that there were commonly in his suit one hundred and forty knights; and in the battle of Fawkirk, (Falkirk,) fought by Edward I. against the Scots, there were no less than twenty-six of his banners in the army. He was most munificent in the reparation of his castles and other buildings, and in the religious foundations which he endowed. He was buried in his cathedral of Durham, behind the high altar, being the first bishop who was

his ninth year, (1281) to John de Vesci, and perhaps
on the very site of the house where Henry III., in
his fifty-fifth year, (1270,) kept his Christmas pub-
licly, according to the custom of the old time; being
accompanied by the queen, and all the great men of
the realm. Speaking of these festivities, Lambarde
remarks," and this (belike) was the first warming of
the house (as I may call it) after that Bishop Beke
has finished his worke. For I do not hereby gather
that hitherto the king had any property in it, foras-

buried in that church. Vide Hasted. Willis' Cath. vol. i. p.
239. Dugd. Mon. vol. ii. p. 846.
Phillipot, esq. was born at Folkstone, in this county, and had a
* Dug. Bar. vol. i. pp. 95-657. Phillipot, p. 134. "John
genius from his childhood for heraldry and antiquities. He was a
great loyalist, and followed King Charles I. to Oxford, but after-
wards, falling into the hands of the rebels, was imprisoned in Lon-
don, and on his release, lived about Eltham, in much obscurity.

Wharf, November 25, 1645, having written several books, among which was " Villare Cantianum, or Kent Illustrated and Surveyed," of which his son, Thomas Phillipot, had the honesty to rob his father of the merit, publishing it under his own name, in folio, at London, 1659. Hasted. Thomas Phillipot founded the alms houses now at Eltham.

+ The family of Shaw derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester. Hugo de Shaw, of that county, having distinguished himself, under the Earl of Chester, in an enterprise against Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, in the castle of Ruthin, had several manors, and the daughter of the Earl given him in marriage. One of the titles of the Prince of Wales is Earl of Eltham.

‡ Hist. Kent, vol. i, folio ed. p. 50.

much as the princes in those daies used commonly
both to sojourn for their pleasures, and to pass their
set solemnities in abbaies and in bishops' houses;"-he
adds, on the authority of Leland, that "Bishop Beke
was either the very author, or the first beautifier of
this house,"*—of which it is thus seen he was in
possession long before William de Vesci granted him
the manor in trust. Edward II. resided at Eltham
Palace, where, in 1315, his queen (Isabel) was de-
livered of a son. At twelve years of age, this
prince was created Earl of Cornwall, (1 Edward III.)
but was commonly called, says Speed, John of El-
tham, from the place of his birth. He died in Scot-
land in the flower of his age, in 1337, and was buried
in Westminster Abbey.

young

in 1482, kept a splendid Christmas here with great
feastings, two thousand people being fed at his ex-
pense every day. His fourth daughter, the Princess
Bridget Plantagenet, was born at this palace on the
8th of November, 1480; she was next day baptised
in the chapel by the Bishop of Chichester; and was
consigned when little more than eight years of age,
to the care of the Abbess of Dartford Nunnery, of
which community she afterwards became the superior.
Buckler
says, "Edward IV., is the first Sovereign
on record who is mentioned as having built any part
of Eltham Palace ;" and attributes the erection of
the Hall to him on evidence we shall further advert
to. Henry VII., "built a handsome front to this
palace towards the moat, and was usually resident
here; and, as appears by a record in the Office of
Arms, most commonly dined in the great hall, and
all his officers kept their tables in it."*

Henry VIII., in 1515, and 1527, kept his Whitsuntide and Christmas at Eltham; where in the former year, he created Sir Edward Stanley baronet, Lord Monteagle; for his services performed against the Scots at Flodden Field. Some contagious disorder raging at that time in London, none were per

The Statutes of Eltham, containing precedents for the government of the king's house, were made at this palace. King Edward III., in the fourth year of his reign, held a parliament here, and thirty-four years afterwards, gave a princely reception to John, King of France, (who had formerly been his prisoner,) entertaining him with great magnificence. The same monarch held another parliament here in 1375; when the lords and commons attended with a petition, praying him amongst other matters, to create his grand-mitted to dine in the king's hall but the officers of son, Richard, of Bordeaux, (son of the Black Prince and heir-apparent to the realm,) Prince of Wales: and Lionel, his third son (guardian of the realm,) kept his Christmas here when the king was in France in 1347. Richard II., who "resided much at Eltham, and took great delight in the pleasantness of the place," entertained Leo, King of Armenia, a fugitive from the Turks, at Christmas, 1386. During the same reign Sir John Froissart, the Historian, was introduced to the king, and mentions a secret parliament, or rather council, which was held during his stay at the palace. It was whilst wasting his time at Eltham, that the parliament sent this monarch a bold message and remonstrance on his arbitrary conduct. Henry IV. kept his last Christmas here in 1412: two years afterwards Henry V. made great preparations for feasting at Christmas, but suddenly left the palace, in consequence of an idle report of a conspiracy to assassinate him, in which Sir John Oldham was said to be implicated. Henry VI. made it his principal residence, "keeping his Christmas with splendour and feasting in 1429." Edward IV. " to his great cost, repaired his house at Eltham,"‡ and

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arms, who at the serving in the king's second course of meat, according to custom, came and proclaimed the king's style and title, and also that of the new lord. His residence however, was only occasional, for "this house, by reason of the nearness to Greenwich, hath not been so greatly esteemed, the rather also for that the pleasures of the emparked groundes here, may be in manner as well enjoyed, the court lying at Greenwich, as if it were at this house itselfe." The bricks which had been provided for the reparation of Eltham Palace were taken from the kilns there, and used in the improvement and extension of the royal residence of Placentia, at Greenwich. Queen Elizabeth spent a few days at Eltham in 1559. Sir Christopher Hatton was keeper of the Palace in her reign, and after him Lord Cobham, who had a grant of that office in 1592. The palace had long been sinking into neglect, but it was not finally deserted by royalty until the seventeenth century, James I., having remained a short time at Eltham, in 1612, which is the last authentic record, says Mr. Lysons, that we can find of his having visited it.‡

In 1649, after the death of Charles I., the parliament ordered the demesnes of the crown to be sold * Hasted.

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Eltham Palace had now completely "fallen from its high estate," and was soon converted (with the exception of the hall) into a heap of ruins. We now proceed to describe the former structure and existing remains.

The situation of the Palace was happily chosen. Standing on an eminence of greater elevation than any in the immediate district, except Shooters Hill, the ground sloped gently away towards the west, over a rich and interesting landscape, including Blackheath, Greenwich Park, and the Surrey Hills; between which stood London with the lofty spire of the old Cathedral of St. Paul in view, and the insulated pile of Westminster Abbey, then without towers; the distant heights of Highgate terminating the background.

for the benefit of the state: those at Eltham were | in the survey, were immediately sold to different peron the 16th July, ensuing, consigned by ordinance to sons, the whole of which reverted to the crown at the trustees; and a survey which was made thereupon, Restoration in 1660. furnishes us with the following description of the property at that period. First, the capital mansion house, built with brick, stone, and timber, was called Eltham House, and consisted of one fair chapel, one great hall, thirty-six rooms and offices below stairs, with two large cellars; and above stairs, in lodgings called the king's side, seventeen lodging rooms, and on the queen's side twelve lodging rooms; and on the prince's side, nine lodging rooms; in all thirty-eight, with various other small and necessary rooms and closets; and thirty-five bayes of building round the court-yard, which contained about seventy-eight rooms, used as offices. The whole being much out of repair, was sold, and the materials valued at £2753, exclusive of the charge for taking them down. The site of the above, when cleared, was worth £11. per annum; and the outhouses, when divided into tenements, were computed at the yearly value of £25.* Then follows a description of the three parks attached to the Palace; viz., the great park, the little or middle park, which stretched towards Mottingham, and Horne, or Lee Park, (the latter enclosed by Edward IV.) The great park consisted of five hundred and ninetysix acres, three roods, and eleven perches, valued at £328. 4s. 10d. per annum; and Horne Park comprised three hundred and thirty-six acres, one rood. The three parks contained one thousand three hundred and fourteen acres; and, including the demesne lands, the whole extended over one thousand six hundred, and fifty-two acres, twenty-four perches. These parks numbered altogether, seven thousand seven hundred trees; of which four thousand were declared, in the survey, to be "old and decayed," and the remaining three thousand seven hundred were marked out for the use of the navy.-A book called the "Mysteries of the Good Old Cause," published in 1660, says, "Sir Thomas Walsingham had the Honour of Eltham given him, which was the Earl of Dorset's, and the middle park which was Mr. White's. He has cut down £5000. worth of timber, and hath scarcely left a tree to make a gibbet." The deer had all been destroyed, and the lands disparked and disfigured by the soldiery and common people during the summer of 1648; and the manor and entire property returned

Hasted's Kent, vol. 1. p, 52.

† At the commencement of the civil war, the palace was for some time in the occupation of Robert, Earl of Essex, the Parliamentary General, who died there September 13th, 1646, but was buried in Westminster Abbey.---Lysons.

Eltham Palace was surrounded by a moat enclosing above an acre of ground within its limits. The moat was about sixty feet broad, except the portion towards the north entrance, where it was increased to one hundred and fifteen feet, which must have afforded considerable security against any sudden attack. Mr. Buckler remarks, that the external wall (within the moat) was built with great care and strength, and that its basement is likely to remain long after all other traces of the Palace have disappeared. The bank of the moat was an extensive work, and of much greater magnitude on the west and south sides, than towards the north; composing a terrace to the south of one hundred feet broad. We have already described the northern entrance over the foss, but there was a drawbridge on the south side, where is now a bank of earth.†

The design of the Palace was quadrangular. The hall, its principal feature, rose above the other edifices, standing in a direction nearly due east and west; and the common rule was observed of limiting the general elevation to two stories. Like other castellated mansions, the outline was irregular; towers and projecting masses breaking the line, at intervals, with picturesque effect. The area of the palace was an imperfect square, surrounded by buildings on the north and west, and partly enclosed on the other two sides, the centre being occupied by four quadrangles, of which two towards the west were of large dimensions, and

The moat was filled with water at the date of Bucke's Views, a century ago.

This passage was indisputably only used as a means of access to the terrace, gardens, and park.---Buckler.

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