with which he is furrounded, and then pronounce what portion of them is derived from domeftic refources.

"Mr. Jefferson had ftated in the Report, that even of the rough material of bar-iron, we do not make enough for our own confumption. He had also stated, that while the manufactures we imported from France and her dominions amounted to only 2,068,348 dollars, thofe from Great Britain and her dominions amounted to 15,285,428 dollars.

"Notwithstanding this difproportion, he propofes, that we thall burden or exclude thofe manufactures which we take in greatest quantity, and which, at the fame time, we could the fooneft furnish to ourselves, or obtain from other countries, impofing duties heavier and heavier, as other channels of fupply open: that is, to burden or exclude manufactures to the amount of fifteen millions of dollars, which we imported from Great Britain, and to truft to domeftic fupply, or a fupply from fome other country. He knew very well that we could expect no material fubftitute from domeftic fupply indeed his principles in relation to domeftic manufacture, were even hoftile to fuch a fubftitute; for he had firongly deprecated the establishment of manufactures in the United States.

"It is evident then, that, under the hypocritical cloak of friendship for domeftic manufactures, with the artful defign of inlifting on his fide all the artists of America, and all the patrons of domeftic manufacture, his real object was, to promote and fofter the languishing manufactures of France, by an exclufion of thofe of Great Britain, at the expense of the United States. If the manufactures of Great Britain had been excluded, according to the Secretary's plan, having evidently no refource at home, where were the importing merchants to look for fupply for their cuftomers? To France alone.

Such was the Report of JEFFERSON; fuch was its object,

object, and fuch was the light in which it was viewed by thofe members of Congrefs who were not devoted to France. Nevertheless, MADISON revived his project of commercial difcrimination, and, on the 3d of January, 1794, proposed the following refolutions:

Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that the interest of the United States would be promoted by further restrictions and higher duties, in certain cafes, on the manufactures and navigation of foreign nations, employed in the commerce of the United States, than those now impofed.

1. Resolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that an additional duty ought to be laid on the following articles, manufactured by European nations, having no commercial treaty with the United States:

On all articles, of which leather is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.

On all manufactured iron, fteel, tin, pewter, copper, brafs, or articles of which either of these metals is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem. On all articles of which cotton is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem. On all cloths, of which wool is the material of chief value, where the estimated value on which the duty payable is above an additional duty of per centum ad valorem ; an additional duty of

where fuch value is below

per centum ad valorem.

On all cloths, of which hemp or flax is the material of chief value, and of which the estimated value on which the duty is payable is below an additional duty of

centum ad valorem.

per centum ad valorem.

per

On all manufactures of which filk is the material of chief value, an additional duty of 2. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that an additional duty of per ton ought to be laid on the veffels belonging to nations having no commercial treaty with the United States.

3. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that the duty on veffels belonging to nations having commercial treaties with the United States ought to be reduced to per ton.

4. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refufe to confider as veffels of the United States, any veffels not built within the United States, the foreign-built veffels of fuch nation ought to be fubjected to a like refufal, unless built within the United States.

5. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refufe to admit the produce or manufactures of the United States, unless in veffels belonging to the United States, or to admit them in veffels of the United States, if last imported from any place not within the United States, a like restriction ought

A A 4

after

after the

day of to be extended to the produce and manufactures of such nation, and that, in the mean time, a duty of per ton extraordinary ought to be imposed on veffels fo importing any fuch produce or manufacture.

6. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that where any nation may refuse to the vefiels of the United States a carriage of the produce or manufactures thereof, whilft fuch produce or manufactures are admitted by it in its own veffels, it would be just to make the restriction reciprocal: but inafinuch as fuch a measure, if fuddenly adopted, might be particularly diftrething in cafes which merit the benevolent attention of the United States, it is expedient, for the prefent, that a tonnage extraordinary only of be impofed on the veffels fo employed: and that all distilled fpirits imported therein fhall be fubjected to an additional duty of one part of the exifting duty.

7. Refolved, as the opinion of this Committee, that provifion ought to be made for liquidating and afcertaining the loffes fuf, tained by citizens of the United States, from the operation of particular regulations of any country contravening the law of nations, and that fuch loffes be reimburfed, in the first instance, out of the additional duties on the manufactures, productions, and veffels of the nation eftablishing fuch unlawful regulations.

Of thefe refolutions, which were finally negatived, I fhall only obferve, that the French Minister Fauchet, in his famous difpatch (fce vol. i. p. 279), informed the Directory, that Jefferfon was the real author of them, though they were brought forward by Madifon.

Events, however, foon furnished the French faction with a ground for renewing their hoftility against Great Britain, and with a greater profpect of fuccefs than ever. The reception of GENET by the people of America, his being permitted to fit out privateers, and to man them with Americans; every thing, in fhort, feemed to forebode a junction of the forces of the United States to thofe of France; to favour whom the proclamation of neutrality appeared, for a long time, to be merely a cloak. These appearances, though they really mifreprefented the views of the Federal Government, were fufficient to juftify a rigorous measure of precaution, on the part of the English Government, who, at the clofe of *793, iffued the following inftructions:

"GEORGE R.

Additional Inftructions to the Command

ers of all our Ships of War and Privateers, that (L.S.)have or may have Letters of Marque againft France. Given at our Court at St. James's, the 6th day of November 1793, in the thirtyfourth year of our reign.

"That they shall stop and detain all fhips laden with goods, the produce of any colony belonging to France, or carrying provifions or other fupplies for the ufe of fuch colony, and shall bring the fame, with their cargoes, to legal adjudication in our Courts of Admiralty.

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By his Majefty's command,

" HENRY DUNDAS." On this order, the New Annual Regifter has the following remark:

"Why this order was iffued, or why it was revok"ed, it is impoffible to fay. The politics of Mr. Pitt

66

are entirely of a novel species, and are fo contrary "to thofe of all preceding statesmen, as to baffle "every effort of the hiftorian to explain or comprehend "them."

This ignorant or malicious" hiftorian" may now correct his error, or his mifrepresentation. This order, and this order alone, put an end to the manning of French privateers in American ports, which, had it continued, would have ruined our Weft India commerce and our Weft India iflands. Mr. HAMMOND, our Minifter at Philadelphia, remonftrated in vain against this breach of neutrality, which nothing but the order of Council, or fomething equally energetic, could ever have put an end to. Soon after this order of Council was iffued, the United States Government began to act, in earnest, against those who difobeyed the proclamation of neutrality.

8

This order reached Philadelphia in the month of March, 1794. It threw the Congrefs into confufion. Many of thofe, who had voted against the refolu

tions

tions of Madison, were now ready to vote for mea, fures much more violent. Town meetings were called, in different parts of the country; their inflammatory refolves were circulated with indufiry, and read with great, and almoft general fatisfaction, Before any decifive ftep was taken by the Congrefs, the following order, which was rather a mitigation of that of the 6th of November, was received in America.

"Inftructions to the Commanders of our Ships of "War and Privateers, that have or may have Let"ters of Marque againfi France. Given at our "Court at St. James's the 8th of January, 1794. "Whereas, by a former inftruction to the com"manders of our thips of war and privateers, dated "the 6th day of November, 1793, we fignified that

66

they fhould flop and detain all ships laden with

goods, the produce of any colony belonging to "France, or carrying provifions or other fupplies "for the ufe of any fuch colony, and should bring "the fame with their cargoes to legal adjudication;

we are pleased to revoke the faid inftructions, and "in lieu thereof, have thought fit to iffue these our "inftructions, to be duly observed by the command"ers of all our fhips of war and privateers that have "or may have letters of marque against France.

"ift. That they may bring in, for lawful adjudi"cation, all veitels with their cargoes, that are "laden with goods, the produce of the French West "India iflands, and coming directly from any port "of the faid iflands to any part of Europe.

"2d. That they fhall bring in, for lawful adjudi"cation, all fhips, with their cargoes, that are laden "with goods, the produce of the faid islands, the property of which goods fhall belong to fubjects "of France, to whatfoever ports they may be "bound.

3d. That they fhall fcize all ships that shall

"be