CHAPTER VI.

1807-1808.

Affair of the Chesapeake and Leopard-Popular and Official Movements thereon-Presi dent's Views His Attitude in relation to Spanish Affairs-Indian Difficulties-Private Correspondence-Considers a Presidential Tour improper-The President and his Grandson-Anecdotes-Carrying a Kentuckian en croupe-The drunken Soldier-An Acquaintance made under unusual Circumstances-Our Relations with England-Was the rejection of the Treaty the Cause of English Hostility?-Canning's Intercourse with American Ministers-British Proclamation and Orders in Council-Effects on United States-Meeting of Congress-President's Message-Embargo recommended-Was the President then apprised of last Orders in Council?-The Embargo Bill passes-President transmits to Congress Proceedings in Burr's Trials-Motion to expel Smith as an Accomplice of Burr-J. Q. Adams's Report thereon-Bayard's Opinion of Burr's Guilt -Vote in Smith's Case-Bills to amend the Laws of Treason-Pennsylvania Resolutions-Wilkinson's Conduct investigated-Supplementary Embargo Acts-Gardenier's Speech-Johnson's and Campbell's Replies-Duel between Gardenier and CampbellBills passed-Deaths-Adjournment-Arrival of English Minister-His Correspondence with Madison and Departure-President's Views of Objects and Effects of EmbargoHis View of our Foreign Relations-Legislative and other Addresses approving Embargo--Eight Legislatures nominate the President for a Third Term-His decisive Refusal arrests further Nominations-Presidential Caucus-Clinton and Monroe's dissatisfaction-Correspondence between the President and Monroe-Claims of the latter compared with Madison's-The President's impartial Overtures to England and France Their Replies-Pinkney writes Home urging a full persistence in Embargo-Effects of Embargo on different Classes and Sections of our Country-Its comparative Effects in United States and England-England encouraged to persist by the Conduct of New England Federalists-Disingenuousness of their Appeals to Sectional and Class Interests-Comparative Exports and Tonnage of different Sections of the Union-Infractions of Embargo in New York and New England-Revenue Officers forcibly resisted -Conduct of New York and New England Executives-President's Impartiality in granting Permits-General Armstrong's Dispatches in regard to Florida-President's Views Germ of the "Monroe Doctrine "-President's Views of English RelationsHis View of the proper Manner of executing Criminal Justice on Indian OffendersHistory of the "Batture Case,"

223

CHAPTER VII.

1808-1809.

The President at Home-Letters to his Grandson-Presidential Election, 1808-Our Rela tions with England-Mr. Canning and Mr. Pinkney-Their Diplomatic Correspondence, etc.-Canning's offensive Communication-Meeting of Congress-President's Message-Action of Congress on Embargo-Embargo sustained by a larger Majority than that by which it originally passed-The Enforcing Law-President's continued Avowals that Embargo was intended as a Temporary Measure-A Federal Quibble to find a Fulcrum for Sedition-Reception of Enforcing Law in Massachusetts-Resistance and Disunion called for in Newspapers and Town Meetings-Gore's Resolutions passed by Massachusetts Legislature, January, 1809-Awkward Posture in which they placed some of the Federal Leaders Silence of our Government in regard to Canning's offensive Communication-That Communication published, through British agency, in Massachusetts-Effect produced on Public Mind and in Congress-Key's Speech-Bill for an Extra Session passes Congress-This a test question on the Administration PolicyThat Policy described by the President-Other Bills, and Federal Policy-Nicholas's Resolution-Quincy moves Resolutions preparatory to an Impeachment of the Presi

viii

CONTENTS.

dent-They receive one Vote-A new Republican Wing, and its Plan-It unites with
the Opposition to vote down Nicholas's Resolution-Defeat of the Administration-
Jefferson to his Son-in-law on the Subject-Administration Party rally-The Non-Inter-
course Law passed-President's contemporaneous Explanation of premature Repeal
of Embargo-His Contradictory Statements to Giles in 1825-Causes of his manifest
Error in them in regard to J. Q. Adams, etc.-They fortunately do no Injustice to Mr.
Adams Mr. Adams's Remarks on them in National Intelligencer-His charges against
Federalists of Disunion Projects in 1808-9 and previously-Jefferson's Real Attitude on
Repeal of Embargo-The later Assailants of that Law-An English and French View
of the subject-Testimony of Edinburg Review and the Emperor Napoleon-What
Substitute did its Opponents propose ?-Inconsistency of New England Maritime
Federalists-Memorial of John Jacob Astor and others-Final success of the Policy-
270
Mr. Jefferson's Consistency while in Office-His Personal Feelings unchilled-His Rela-
tions with Subordinates, etc.-His Feelings on leaving Office-Addresses pour upon
him-Address of Virginia General Assembly-His Reply-Declines the Ovation of his
Neighbors His Answer to their Address,

CHAPTER VIII.

1809.

Mr. Jefferson's return Home-His Correspondence with the President Jefferson's and
Madison's Friendship-Their Similarities and Contrasts of Character, etc.-Their dif-
ferent Degrees of Popularity among Political Friends and Opponents-Their Useful-
ness to each other-Erskine's Treaty-Jefferson's Views of it-His Annexation Views-
The Treaty rejected by England-"Copenhagen Jackson" succeeds Erskine-
Habitual deportment of British Ministers in the United States-How the Treaty had
been received by the Federalists-Their Declarations on its Rejection-Feelings of the
American people-Jefferson to Eppes-His Views on Equilibrium of Agriculture,
Manufactures and Commerce-Dissensions in Mr. Madison's Cabinet-Jefferson dis-
suades Gallatin from retiring-Engaged in correcting Marshall's Life of Washington-
Loss of his Indian Vocabularies-Domestic affairs-Letter to Kosciusko-Jefferson's
Pecuniary Affairs-A Statement of them and of the Sources of his Pecuniary Misfor-
tunes-Amount of his Property-Causes of the Depression of the Agricultural Interest
in Virginia-Monetary Revulsions-Life at Monticello-Its Scale of Hospitality-A talk
with old Wormley-Mr. Jefferson's proposed and actual Style of Living-Anecdote of
Mr. C***.-The Current of Events unchangeable-The Sequel-Description of Monti-
cello-Its Approach-The Grounds and Mansion-Interior of the House forty years
ago-Prospect from Monticello-Looming of the Mountains-Jefferson's proposed
Improvements to the Scenery-An early English Description of the Climate and
Inhabitants-A Rain Storm and an important Computation-Reasons for Jefferson's
building his House at Poplar Forest-The House and Life there described by his
Grand-daughter-Journeying between his two Residences described by another Grand-
307
daughter-An Omission in the Sketch of the House at Poplar Forest-Interview with
a Parson at Ford's Tavern-Jefferson in the Interior of his Family, his Reading, his
Rural and Horticultural Tastes, described by a Grand-daughter-His Conduct and Man-
ners in his Family, described by different Grand-daughters,

CHAPTER IX.

1810-1813.

Jefferson's Correspondence in 1810-Anticipates a Financial Crash in England-Russian Ambassador and Jefferson-Publications suggested by Jefferson-Correspondence of 1811-Letter to Eppes-Views on Colonization and on Duties of Government in relation thereto-Misunderstandings in Madison's Cabinet-Duane's Attack on

ix

Gallatin-His Appeals to Jefferson for Aid-His Attack on the President-Jefferson's Views on proper Sacrifices to Party Unity-His Toleration of Individual Differences of Opinion in his Party-Gallatin-Thomas Ritchie-South American Revolt-Jefferson advises Barlow how to address Napoleon-His Views on War and Peace—“ Gives Glory" to Gerry for "Rasping down" Traitors-The Conduct of the New England Federalists-Quincy's Declaration that it was the Duty of some States to prepare for a Separation of the Union-Resolutions of Federal Caucus in Boston-Gerry pronounces their Doctrines Seditious-Legislature go further-Jefferson's Illness-His Letter to Rush-Correspondence of 1812-His Reconciliation with John Adams-War declared between United States and Great Britain-Jefferson's Views of the kind of War it was Expedient to wage-His Suggestions to the President-Sanguine Hopes-Views after Hull's Surrender-A Glimpse of Jefferson's Pecuniary Affairs-He is urged to become a Candidate for the Presidency-Urged to enter Mr. Madison's Cabinet-General Result of the War in 1812-Conduct of the New England Federalists-Disunion instigated from the Pulpit-Quincy's Attack on the War and on Jefferson in CongressTallmadge's Speech-Clay's Reply to Quincy-Presidential Election-Progress of the War in 1813-Jefferson's Remarks and Suggestions thereon-Massachusetts Legislature resolve that it is "unbecoming a Moral and Religious People" to express Approbation of the Military or Naval Exploits of the War-Massachusetts Officials do not attend the Funeral of Lawrence-Quincy's Resolution in regard to Admission of States formed from Louisiana-Remonstrance of Massachusetts Legislature against the War-False Statements of the Document in regard to Impressment, etc.-Smuggling and Selling Supplies to the Enemy-How fostered in New England-Evasions of the Revenue Laws-British Blockade extended-The portion of New England still Exempted-Governor of Vermont attempts to Recall the Militia of that State from Canada-Proceedings in Congress thereon-Resolves of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and New JerseyCommodore Decatur's Account of the "Blue-light" Treason-Jefferson's Correspondence in 1813-Dirge of the Indian Race-Jefferson's Letters to Eppes on the Banks and Currency-Attempt of Boston Banks to prevent the Government from obtaining Loans-Their Run on Banks of Middle and Southern States-Purchase of English Government Bills-The Massachusetts Press and Pulpit denounce those who lend Money to our Government-A new Rupture between Adams and Jefferson . 352 threatened-Reconciliation between Jefferson and Mrs. Adams-Jefferson's Views of Style in Writing,

CHAPTER X.

1814-1816.

The Military Campaign of 1814-American and British Soldiership-Chippewa, Bridgewater, Plattsburgh and New Orleans-The Treaty of Peace-Jefferson Pronounces it an Armistice-Results and Lessons of the War-Jefferson's Miscellaneous Correspondence in 1814-His Delineation of Washington-Aid to Bible Society-On States adding on which Republican to Qualifications of Members of Congress-The "Two Hooks

Government hangs-Letter to Granger-Blackstone and Hume-On Banks and Currency-Literary and Scientific Correspondence-On the Spanish Constitution-To a person who had a Revelation to attempt his Religious Conversion-Continued Views on Negro Slavery-The Head of the Old French Party attacking Napoleon, and the Head of the Old English Party attacking "John Bull"-Situation of Virginia Agriculturists in 1814-Jefferson's Diplomas and Honorary Memberships of Societies-Offers. his Library to Congress-Report of Joint Committee thereon-Action in the two. Houses The Purchase-Valuation of the Books-Proceedings of the Opposition in: Massachusetts-Legislature determines to raise a State Army, and calls the Hartford! Convention-Proceedings in other New England States-Disunion advocated by Press: and Pulpit-Federal Action out of New England-Meeting of Hartford Convention-Report of the Delegates to their Legislatures-Proposed Amendments of the Consti